UDC 633.15
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.009

THE FORMATION OF THE GRAIN YIELD OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.V. Gavryushina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In corn nutrition technology, in addition to the application of mineral fertilizers to the soil, foliar fertiliza-tion of plants with complex fertilizers containing microelements is widely used. The article presents the results of a study on the influence of foliar treatment of plants with fertilizers with microelements depending on the level of root nutrition on the grain productivity of corn in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Vol-ga region. The research was conducted in 2015-2017 in the conditions of ZAO “Konstantinovo”, Penza district, Penza region, on leached chernozem. The two-factor field experiment was carried out in a four-fold replication using the split-plot method. First-order plots (factor A), on which an agricultural background was placed, were divided into second-order plots (factor B), on which variants of complex fertilizer treatments were placed. The object of the research is the early maturing (FAO 190) corn hybrid ROSS 199 MV. The conducted research has shown that the application of mineral fertilizers and foliar treatment of plants with complex fertilizers with microelements improve the indicators of corn grain yield structure. The greatest effect on grain yield was achieved by applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which contributed to an additional production of 12.2-46.7 %. Both on unfertilised agricultural background, and in improving root nutrition, the best results were achieved in foliar treatments of corn with chelated microfertilizers (Tsitovit and Siliplant Universal), which contributed to an average increase in grain yield of 0.64-0.76 t/ha and 0.54-0.66 t/ha respectively.
Keywords: corn, mineral fertilizers, complex fertilizers with microelements, morphological parameters, yield.

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UDC 631.531.027.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.005

LABORATORY STUDIES OF SCARIFIER-INOCULATOR DEVICE DURING INOCULATION OF SEEDS OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES
S.A. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.S. Sitnikov, postgraduate student;
P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.A. Voronova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.A. Konnov, Master;
N.E. Tretyakov, Master; E.M. Somov, student, D.A. Sumenkova, student
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents an environmentally safe technology of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of perennial leguminous grasses with a hard shell impervious to water and air, with simultaneous scarification of seeds and inoculation with biological preparations. The results of laboratory studies of the scarifier-inoculator device in terms of seed treatment with biological preparations are presented, where high-pressure injectors are used for inoculation in the working chamber of the scarifier-inoculator device. The technological scheme of the SI-0.7 scarifier-inoculator device is based on the following technical solutions: the scarifier-inoculator device contains a housing, a loading hopper, in the center of which there is a vertical cylinder, a rotating working body, while the vertical cylinder is divided into two parts - upper and lower, and an inoculator with nozzles is installed in the lower part of the housing, while there is a ring on the surface of the rotating working body, and in the rotating working body there are holes, the area of which is equal to 50...60% of the area of the inner surface of the ring, in addition, blades are fixed under the ring in the lower part of the rotating working body, the ratio of the outer diameter D_1 to the inner diameter of the lower part of the through vertical cylinder D_2 (D_1/D_2 ) is 0.85...0.9, this ensures a gap between the blades and the bottom of the vertical cylinder.
Studies of an experimental scarifier-inoculator device with disk-type working organs were carried out using a multifactorial experiment planning technique. The article presents a second-order full-factor model and graphical dependencies of two-dimensional cross-sections of the model of the influence of factors on the increase in seed moisture during inoculation, depending on the design and operating parameters of the experimental scarifier-inoculator device (pressure of the working fluid in the nozzles, the number of high-pressure injectors). Laboratory studies have shown that to increase moisture content of seeds by no more than 1% after treatment, two high-pressure nozzles with an outlet diameter of 0.15 mm at a working fluid pressure of 70 Bar are necessary and sufficient.
Keywords: legumes, perennial, Eastern galega, seeds, hard shell, scarifier-inoculator device, scarification, inoculation, disk, rotating working body, nozzles, high pressure, increase, humidity.

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UDC 637.024
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.014

JUSTIFICATION OF THE CRITICAL RADIUS OF THE FAT GLOBULE AND ITS BOUNDARY POSITION ON THE CONICAL PART OF THE SEPARATION DISC OF THE CREAM SEPARATOR
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
P.N. Khorev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; N.S. Chirkova, post-graduate student
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To date, cream separators have become widespread in the technological production lines of various dairy products, both in large enterprises and among small business entities. The existing designs of modern cream separators differ in the type of drive, the method of milk supply and discharge of separation products, the design of the drum, discs, etc., but all commercially available cream separators operate on the principle of thin-layer centrifugal separation and have certain disadvantages. The article defines that the boundary position, provided that it is possible to isolate a fat globule of critical radius, is its location on the outer surface of the conical part of the separation disc at the maximum radius, when it is possible to prevent movement along irrevocable trajectories, to keep from demolition and to give the necessary initial impulse to movement to perform the second stage of separation – movement along the outer surface of the conical part of the separation disc to the axis of the drum. Possibility of forming an adsorption layer on the surface of the protein lecithin membrane of the smallest fat globule is considered and a formula is established that makes it possible to determine the critical radius of the fat globule capable of settling on the outer surface of the conical part of the separation disc at its maximum radius, the cream separator. Calculation of the critical radius of a fat globule capable of settling on the outer surface of the separating plate at its maximum radius has established that its value is 0,25∙10^(-6) m.
Keywords: fat globule, separation, cream separator, adsorption layer, separation disc, inter-disc space.

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UDC 632.3:632.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.022

SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE DRESSERS TO REDUCE SEED INFECTION IN WINTER WHEAT
I. R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Scientific Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences",
Russia, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

When selecting seed dressers, preference is given to preparations with a combined effect that provide both protection and treatment and kill both the external and internal infection of the seed. The results of the mycological analysis of the soil showed that pathogens predominate over suppressors. Among the pathogens, fungi of the genus Fusarium are the most common. The strongest infection with Fusarium and bacterioses was found on winter wheat grains of the Pamyat and Etnos varieties. The fungicides Maksim Forte, EC (containing tebuconazole 15 g/l, fludioxonil 25 g/l and azoxystrobin 10 g/l) and Kinto Plus, SC (containing fluxapyroxad 33.3 g/l, triticonazole 33.3 g/l and fludioxonil 33.3 g/l) showed a high protective effect against bacterial and Fusarium infection of winter wheat seeds.
The laboratory germination of the seeds in the control without treatment was 76.7 %. Treatment of the wheat seeds with fungicides increased germination by reducing the level of bacterial and fusarium seed infection: Maksim Forte, SC – 88.7 % and Kinto Plus, SC – 90.1 %.
Keywords: winter wheat grain, seed infection, seed dressers.

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