UDC 631.86 + 631.53.02
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.018

EFFECT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS ON THE SOWING QUALITY OF LENTIL SEEDS
V.O. Nogaev, SVE teacher, Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412)-628373; 8(412)-628373 email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Nowadays, the trend is towards environmentally friendly and sustainable cultivation methods. One such element is the use of microbiological fertilizers, which reduce the need for mineral fertilizers, decrease soil pollution and do not pollute rivers. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of seed pretreatment with microbiological fertilizers on the germination energy and germination of lentil seeds. The experimental work was carried out under laboratory conditions at Penza SAU according to the standard method of GOST 12038-84. During the studies, it was found that the germination energy increased from 91.8% in the control to 93.6% in the variants with the application of a complex of microbiological fertilizers Organit N and Organit P. An increase in seed germination capacity of 3.0-5.2 % was observed compared to the control. The highest germination rates were recorded for the samples with the microbiological fertilizers Azotovit + Fosfatovit and Rizobash, which were 95.8 and 95.2 % respectively. After 72 hours from the start of germination, the nutrient consumption of the lentil seeds in the variants with microbiological seed treatment before sowing was 1.7 times higher than in the control variant (seed treatment before sowing with water only). The highest mass of seedlings and roots (0.8 g) was observed in the variant with the application of Biokompozit-korrekt with an increase in the length of the seedlings by 0.3-1.5 cm and the length of the germinal roots by 0.8-1.4 cm. The maximum seedling length of 9.5 cm and root length of 8.7 cm was recorded in the variant with a mixture of microbiological fertilizers Azotovit and Fosfatovit.
Keywords: lentils, bacterial preparations, microbiological fertilizers, germination energy, laboratory germination.

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UDC 633.31/.37:631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.011

EFFECT OF TRACE ELEMENTS (Zn, Cu, Mo) ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN PEAS
Yu.V. Blinokhvatova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
A.V. Nushtaeva, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.V. Ozerova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The results of laboratory, vegetation, and field experiments on the effect of a single treatment of green peas, the Joker variety, with aqueous solutions of zinc chloride ZnCl2 or zinc sulfate ZnSO4 on seed germination, plant growth, and crop structure are presented. In laboratory and vegetation experiments, a positive effect of zinc concentration of 10-70 ppm (when wetted with a sufficiently large amount of solution) on laboratory germination of seeds, the average length of roots and seedlings, as well as the intensity of accumulation of vegetative mass was revealed. The optimal concentration of Zn2+ ions in our experiments was 30 ppm, which corresponds to 50 g/t in terms of seed weight. At the initial stages of ontogenesis (within 1-2 weeks), ZnCl2 showed the best results, but ZnSO4 was more effective for further development during the period of intensive plant growth. In the field experiment, before sowing, pea seeds were treated with a ZnSO4 solution with a concentration of Zn2+ 2.5 g/l ions at the rate of 2% of the seed weight (corresponds to 50 g/t of seeds). Field studies have revealed the positive effect of zinc ions, as well as zinc with the addition of copper and molybdenum ions on the crop structure. Treatment of pea seeds with zinc and zinc with additives (Zn + Cu, Zn + Mo, Zn + Cu + Mo) slightly increased field germination, but their application had a fairly good effect on the yield structure. The best results were shown by experimental samples of Zn + Cu + Mo, in which the mass of seeds from one plant increased by 25%, yield by 20%, and the mass of 1000 seeds by 21% compared with the control.
Keywords: trace elements, zinc, laboratory germination, germination ener-gy, growth force, crop structure.

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UDC 631.46+ 582.28
DOI10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.006

EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPOST FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WASTE ON THE MICROBIOCENOSIS AND STRUCTURE OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
S.A. Sashenkova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
D.Yu. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Solving the problem of soil fertility depletion under conditions of intensive land use is one of the main problems in agriculture. Traditionally, organic and mineral fertilizers are used for this purpose. However, in modern conditions, technologies that ensure the conservation of resources and the protection of the environment are preferred. Therefore, the development of bioconversion of agricultural waste is relevant, which makes it possible to solve several problems, including improving economic efficiency.
However, the question of the effects of various fertilizers and composts on the microbiocenosis and soil structure, including the leached chernozem, is of interest to experts due to the lack of studies and the lack of clear results. This is due to the complexity of microbial degradation processes and the transformation of fertilizers in the soil, which depend on many factors, ranging from soil type and climatic conditions to the biological characteristics of the cultivated plants.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the application of compost based on poultry manure and fungal substrate on the microbiocenosis and the structure of leached chernozem in spring wheat agrocenosis.
The study showed that the use of compost significantly increased the number of microorganisms in the soil. Thus, in the tillering phase, it increased 2-3 times compared to the control. The density of the arable layer and the water-stable aggregates also decreased. The maximum softening effect of 0.20-0.29 g/cm3 was observed in the variants with the application of organomineral fertilizer and fungal compost in the tillering phase, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the agronomically valuable fractions of 8.7 and 11.3 % was found in the variants with the application of organomineral fertilizer. The content of water-stable aggregates increased significantly with the use of compost. It increased by 5.1-8.1 % when using the fungal compost, by 9.5 and 9.8 % for manure and litter of natural destruction, and by 10.3 and 12.1 % for organomineral fertilizer.
Keywords: compost, organic fertilizers, leached chernozem, microbial number, agronomically valuable fractions, water-stable aggregates.

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UDC 633.63:632.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.008

WEED SPECIES COMPOSITION AND INFESTATION OF SUGAR BEET CROPS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF ARABLE LAND DEVELOPMENT
E.V. Zheryakov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,
A.S. Paliychuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of research to determine the species composition and abundance of the weed component in crops during sugar beet cultivation on old arable and newly introduced lands, as well as to determine the effect of herbicides on weeds and cultivated plants. It was found that after the first treatment with betanal herbicides, dicotyledonous weeds that formed two true leaves were more noticeably resistant to the herbicide, as a result of which the efficiency of the latter decreased to 96 %. In the cotyledon stage of dicotyledonous weeds, 98-99% of them died. Herbicides inhibit the growth and mass of cultivated plants. The combination of herbicides used in the second treatment contributed not only to the purification of crops from weeds (92-99%), but also had a negative impact – phytotoxicity for sugar beet was 18.0-18.5%, regardless of the level of development of arable land. As a result of the third herbicide treatment, the death of annual dicotyledonous weeds on old arable lands was 94.7-98.3%, on developed and introduced into crop rotation – 94.3-98.5%. The biological effectiveness of the applied herbicide combination in its effects on perennial dicotyledonous weeds was high and amounted to 94-95%. At the same time, the level of phytotoxicity of the applied herbicide combination for sugar beet significantly decreased (up to 12-13%), compared with earlier herbicide treatments.
Keywords: herbicides, hybrids, weeds, sugar beet, phytotoxicity.

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