UDC 636.2.083+636.2.034.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.023

EFFECT OF HOUSING METHODS ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF COWS
A.C. Livchikov, graduate student, T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
M.N. Nevitov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412)628-380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The assessment of the effect of the method of housing on the indicators of dairy productivity and productive longevity of cows was carried out in the conditions of ZAO Konstantinovo and the Ramzai Educational and Experimental Farm of Penza State Agrarian University. The animals were divided into groups, taking into account the method of housing and their linear affiliation. When assessing milk productivity, the following indicators were taken into account: the number of milking days, milk yield for the entire lactation period and for 305 days of lactation, the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk, the amount of milk fat and protein per lactation. As a result of the assessment of animals by milk productivity of the first lactation, it was found that milk yield for the entire lactation period and the amount of milk fat were higher in loose housing, on average by 10.0%. In the study of milk productivity indicators, depending on the line affiliation, it was noted that milk yield for the entire first lactation period was higher in loose housing of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line by 1346 kg or 11.3%. When evaluating cows for the third lactation, it was found that in tethered housing, the Reflection Sovering line had the highest milk yield for the entire lactation period by 26.3%, and milk yield for 305 days by 18.7%. The amount of milk fat in the third lactation is higher in tethered housing in the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line with a difference of 78 kg. To study productive longevity the following indicators were taken: indicators as the number of milking days, lifetime milk yield, duration of use in lactation, milk yield per one day of life and lactation, duration of the service period and body weight. As a result of the research, the duration of productive use was higher in tethered housing cows by 0.85 of lactation or by 14.4%, milk yield per one day of life and lactation was higher in loose housing cows. Depending on the line affiliation, it was found that the duration of productive use and lifetime milk yield was higher in tethered Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line, as well as milk yield per one day of life and lactation.
Keywords: loose housing, tethered housing un, milk production, milk yield, service period, productive use.

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UDC 633.491 + 631.86 + 631.81
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.021

APPLICATION OF GRANULAR FERTILIZERS BASED ON TURKEY MANURE IN POTATO CULTIVATION
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Galiullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of field studies on the effect and aftereffect of granular fertilizers from turkey manure on the agrochemical properties of leached chernozem and the yield of potato tubers, carried out in 2022-2023 in the separate subdivision "Educational and Experimental Farm "Ramzay" of Penza SAU" (Penza region, Mokshansky district). Granular fertilizer from turkey manure, produced at OOO “Bioorganika” (Penza region, Nizhnelomovsky district), is a complex organic fertilizer with a high content of nutrients and is characterized by the content of nitrogen 3.9 %, phosphorus 3.3 %, potassium 4.2%, organic matter (carbon) 41.0 %, pHsalt – 6.7 units. The annual application of granular fertilizers from turkey manure to potatoes in doses of 1 to 3 t/ha leads to a gradual decrease in soil acidity by 0.06-0.15 pH units per year, an increase in alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 0.5-3.4 mg/kg and mobile phosphorus in the soil by 8.3-20.6 mg/kg. A single application of granular fertilizers from turkey manure in doses of 1 to 3 t/ha leads to an increase in the total yield of potato tubers by 17.4-76.2 % and a repeated application the following year by 45.4-90.9 %. An increase in the yield of marketable tubers was observed. Subsequently, the tuber yield increased by 18.2-45.4 %, indicating a long-lasting effect of the organic fertilizers from manure.
Keywords: granular fertilizer from turkey manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil acidity, potato, yield.

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UDC 633.15
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.009

THE FORMATION OF THE GRAIN YIELD OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.V. Gavryushina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In corn nutrition technology, in addition to the application of mineral fertilizers to the soil, foliar fertiliza-tion of plants with complex fertilizers containing microelements is widely used. The article presents the results of a study on the influence of foliar treatment of plants with fertilizers with microelements depending on the level of root nutrition on the grain productivity of corn in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Vol-ga region. The research was conducted in 2015-2017 in the conditions of ZAO “Konstantinovo”, Penza district, Penza region, on leached chernozem. The two-factor field experiment was carried out in a four-fold replication using the split-plot method. First-order plots (factor A), on which an agricultural background was placed, were divided into second-order plots (factor B), on which variants of complex fertilizer treatments were placed. The object of the research is the early maturing (FAO 190) corn hybrid ROSS 199 MV. The conducted research has shown that the application of mineral fertilizers and foliar treatment of plants with complex fertilizers with microelements improve the indicators of corn grain yield structure. The greatest effect on grain yield was achieved by applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which contributed to an additional production of 12.2-46.7 %. Both on unfertilised agricultural background, and in improving root nutrition, the best results were achieved in foliar treatments of corn with chelated microfertilizers (Tsitovit and Siliplant Universal), which contributed to an average increase in grain yield of 0.64-0.76 t/ha and 0.54-0.66 t/ha respectively.
Keywords: corn, mineral fertilizers, complex fertilizers with microelements, morphological parameters, yield.

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UDC 631.531.027.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.005

LABORATORY STUDIES OF SCARIFIER-INOCULATOR DEVICE DURING INOCULATION OF SEEDS OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES
S.A. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.S. Sitnikov, postgraduate student;
P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.A. Voronova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.A. Konnov, Master;
N.E. Tretyakov, Master; E.M. Somov, student, D.A. Sumenkova, student
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents an environmentally safe technology of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of perennial leguminous grasses with a hard shell impervious to water and air, with simultaneous scarification of seeds and inoculation with biological preparations. The results of laboratory studies of the scarifier-inoculator device in terms of seed treatment with biological preparations are presented, where high-pressure injectors are used for inoculation in the working chamber of the scarifier-inoculator device. The technological scheme of the SI-0.7 scarifier-inoculator device is based on the following technical solutions: the scarifier-inoculator device contains a housing, a loading hopper, in the center of which there is a vertical cylinder, a rotating working body, while the vertical cylinder is divided into two parts - upper and lower, and an inoculator with nozzles is installed in the lower part of the housing, while there is a ring on the surface of the rotating working body, and in the rotating working body there are holes, the area of which is equal to 50...60% of the area of the inner surface of the ring, in addition, blades are fixed under the ring in the lower part of the rotating working body, the ratio of the outer diameter D_1 to the inner diameter of the lower part of the through vertical cylinder D_2 (D_1/D_2 ) is 0.85...0.9, this ensures a gap between the blades and the bottom of the vertical cylinder.
Studies of an experimental scarifier-inoculator device with disk-type working organs were carried out using a multifactorial experiment planning technique. The article presents a second-order full-factor model and graphical dependencies of two-dimensional cross-sections of the model of the influence of factors on the increase in seed moisture during inoculation, depending on the design and operating parameters of the experimental scarifier-inoculator device (pressure of the working fluid in the nozzles, the number of high-pressure injectors). Laboratory studies have shown that to increase moisture content of seeds by no more than 1% after treatment, two high-pressure nozzles with an outlet diameter of 0.15 mm at a working fluid pressure of 70 Bar are necessary and sufficient.
Keywords: legumes, perennial, Eastern galega, seeds, hard shell, scarifier-inoculator device, scarification, inoculation, disk, rotating working body, nozzles, high pressure, increase, humidity.

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