UDC 633.367:636.085
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.019

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKENS AND POULTRY PRODUCTIVITY WHEN INCLUDING BAROHYDROTHERMALLY TREATED LUPINE IN THEIR DIET
E.V. Polyakova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; E.S. Saraykin¹, graduate student;
A.V. Nosov¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
G.I. Boryaev², Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
N.P. Balobanova², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 628-151, e-mail This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Moscow University of Finance and Industry "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

In recent years, Russia has reached significant heights in scientific substantiation of the use of genetic potential of productivity of farm animals and poultry. For the effective development of industrial areas in the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to work tirelessly to improve technological processes. Broiler chickens are raised in a short time, when the bird must maximize its genetic potential. The level and quality of protein feeding can have a significant effect on poultry productivity. Each element of feeding becomes an important link in the chain leading to high performance, so careful selection and optimization of rations plays a crucial role in increasing productivity and economic efficiency of poultry industry.
The research work is aimed at assessing changes in the biochemical profile and improving the productive characteristics of broiler chickens, while partially replacing the traditionally used soybean meal in their diet with a new feed component – lupine seeds treated by the barohydrothermal method (BHT). After BHT treatment, white lupine was additionally enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, what made it possible to effectively reduce the effect of anti-nutritional factors that adversely affect digestive processes, and at the same time increase the level of easily assimilated protein in the feed.
As a result of introduction of treated white lupine seeds into the diet of broiler chickens, a positive trend was recorded. In the first experimental group, tgere was an increase in the total protein content in the blood serum by 5.3%, while in the second group – by 3.4%. The average excess body weight of the experimental groups in comparison with the control group reached 12.7%. Substitution of 50% of soybean meal with lupin modified in this way promoted the activation of protein metabolism in the organism of birds, contributing to better expression of their genetic potential and providing higher live weight gain.
Keywords: lupine, barohydrothermal treatment, meat productivity, broiler chickens, feed yeast.

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UDC 631.363
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.010

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING EFFICIENCY INDICATORS FOR MILK PRODUCTIVITY
V.V. Konovalov¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
S. Yu. Efremova¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
A.V. Chupshev², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.P. Teryushkov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, (8412) 628-542, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In order to increase the efficiency of milk production, measures are needed to reduce production costs. The system of indicators of intensification of milk production can make it possible to analyze changes in economic efficiency and draw reasonable conclusions. The analysis of the technological processes of the enterprise made it possible to clarify the way and types of interaction between the processes and the animal. The realization of milk production can be expressed in the form of a mathematical model.
The purpose of the study is to improve the mathematical model of the efficiency of cattle breeding in terms of milk productivity by developing a methodology for determining the numerical values of the indicators. The known models for cattle breeding were analyzed. The influence of the most important biological and technological factors was revealed. The system of sound indicators of intensification of milk production can make it possible to analyze the change in the economic efficiency of production during its modernization and draw reasonable conclusions. The essence of the model can be expressed by criteria and indicators of the efficiency coefficient of milk productivity. The improvement of the mathematical model of breeding efficiency of cattle by milk productivity allows to clarify the influence of influencing factors and the implementation of processes in the modernization of production. The developed methodology for determining the numerical values of indicators makes it possible to determine the influence of factors based on statistical data and the technical description of livestock facilities.
Keywords: mathematical model, milk productivity, animals, numerical values, coefficient, interval, equipment.

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UDC 636.2.082.13
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.017

EVALUATION OF THE BODY TYPE OF HOLSTEIN COWS DEPENDING ON THE PERIOD OF EFFECTIVE INSEMINATION
I.A. Vasyagin, Postgraduate, V.V. Lyashenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.V. Kaeshova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Under the conditions of modern intensification of animal husbandry, the primary task is to create highly productive animals with a strong constitution that can be used in the long term. According to some scientists, the age of the first insemination, i.e. the physiological maturity of the animals, can also influence the formation of the milk type of cows.
The study involved purebred Holstein first-calf heifers, which were divided into groups according to the period of effective insemination: Group 1 – 12 months, Group 2 – 13 months, Group 3 – 14 months, Group 4 – 15 months.
The linear evaluation method, carried out in the second month of lactation, made it possible to quantify the differences between the groups of animals on the basis of external characteristics: the main reliable differences between the groups of animals were found in the evaluation of the udder. Thus, the animals of the second (13 months) (p < 0.05) and third (14 months) groups (p < 0.05) have a denser attachment of the front udder parts compared to the cows of the first group (12 months). The width of the rear udder parts was rated at 8.0 points in the cows inseminated at 14 and 15 months of age and was thus significantly superior to the second group by 1.6 points (p < 0.01).
The results of the comprehensive evaluation showed that the cows in the second and third groups had the highest score. First-calf heifers from these groups significantly outperformed animals from the first group for udder traits (p < 0.05), overall appearance (p < 0.01) and overall score (p < 0.01). The lowest score was achieved by cows that were inseminated at 12 months of age. The linear and complex evaluation of the conformation of the test animals thus showed that animals inseminated at a later age, from 13 months, have a more pronounced milk type, which is typical of Holstein breed animals.
Keywords: Holstein breed, first-calf heifer, exterior, body conformation, insemination period, linear evaluation, exterior profile.

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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.007

YIELD FORMATION OF PEA SEEDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION IN COMBINATION WITH THE MINERAL NUTRITION BACKGROUND
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article presents the results of the study on the formation of pea seed yields under the influence of foliar fertilization at different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methods of improving the cultivation technique of pea seeds based on the optimal combination of mineral nutrition backgrounds with the use of foliar fertilizers, the interaction of which ensures high yields. The following objectives were solved: 1. determination of the effect of different mineral nutrition backgrounds in combination with foliar fertilization on the formation of yield structure; 2. determination of the effect of different mineral nutrition backgrounds in combination with foliar fertilization on pea yield. The article deals with the influence of the studied methods on the main elements of productivity: number of beans on a plant, number of seeds in a bean, mass of seeds in a plant, 1000-seed mass. The pea yield as a function of foliar fertilization at different nutrition backgrounds is shown. In the conclusion, it is noted that foliar fertilization with Biostim Universal at a rate of 2.0 l/ha in the stemming + budding phase contributes to a higher grain yield in peas, regardless of the mineral nutrition backgrounds. Fertilization with N16P16K16 leads to higher yield growth. An increase in the fertilizer application rate – N32P32K32 – did not contribute to a further increase in yield. The highest yield is achieved when N16P16K16 is applied with subsequent foliar fertilization with Biostim Universal at a rate of 2.0 l/ha in the stemming + budding phases.
Keywords: peas, yield, productivity elements, mineral nutrition level, foliar dressing.

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