UDC 637.131.2+637.022
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.015

RESULTS OF THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE MOTION OF THE EXTRACTED IMPURITY PARTICLE IN THE INTER-DISC SPACE OF THE MILK SEPARATOR
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Gusev, assistant; N.S. Chirkova, post-graduate student;
R.R. Devlikamov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents an equation of the trajectory of the extracted impurity particle in the inter-disc space of the milk separator. Based on this trajectory, formulas are defined for calculating the residence time of the impurity particle in the inter-disc space of the milk separator drum and the angle to which the particle will move during this time. The analysis of the formulas showed the dependence on the dynamic viscosity of milk, the natural logarithm of the ratio of the difference between the doubled value of the impurity particle coordinates on the inner surface of the separation disc and the coordinates of its initial position and the coordinate of its initial position, the difference between the density of the impurity particle and milk, the square of the radius of the impurity particle and the angular velocity of the drum, as well as the square of the cosine of the angle of inclination of the separation disc to the horizontal. The results of calculations of the values of the radius vector of the position of an impurity particle of various sizes on the inner surface of the separation disc from the residence time of the impurity particle and the angle to which it will move in the inter-disc space of the milk separator drum are presented. It was found that for an angle of 120 deg. as the maximum between neighboring bars without taking into account their width at time 0,143318 c, the radius-vector to which the impurity particles with radius 0,5∙10^(-6) m would move would be 0,0287 m, for an impurity particle with radius 2,5∙10^(-6) m would be 0,06114 m, and for an impurity particle with radius 5∙10^(-6) m would be 1,81312 m, if the dimensions of the drum allowed.
Keywords: impurity particle, inter-disc space, milk separator, radius vector, angle, time.

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UDC 621.43.068
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.012

STUDY OF HEAT AND EXHAUST GAS FLOW RATE DEPENDING ON DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION MODE
A.A. Nikulin, graduate student; A.A. Orekhovaya, сandidate of Technological Sciences, Associate Professor;
G.A. Spitsyn, doctor of technical sciences, рrofessor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (904) 266-18-55,
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the article, the influence of low ambient temperatures on the thermal operation of transmission elements, namely, the drive axles of trucks, is considered. On one hand, the issues of maintaining an effective thermal mode of operation of an internal combustion engine (ICE) have been considered in sufficient detail and resolved. On the other, the problem of heating the drive axles of cars at low ambient temperatures remains relevant. During prolonged operation, the structural arrangement of these components on the vehicle contributes to cooling even in steady-state thermal conditions. A practical solution to this problem will significantly increase the efficiency of using trucks and achieve a positive economic effect due to resource conservation.
The purpose and objectives of the research were formulated. Using MathCad 2016, MS Office Excel 2010, the following characteristics were calculated: speed, flow rate and heat of the exhaust gases, depending on the operating modes of the diesel engine, using the example of KamAZ 740. These characteristics are required to determine the parameters of the heat exchanger device. It has been found that the exhaust gas velocity and flow rate increase with increasing crankshaft speed.
The amount of heat in the internal combustion engine, which is released as a result of fuel combustion, has been analyzed. It has been established that during the operation of the KamAZ 740 diesel engine, up to 28.1% of the heat released during fuel combustion is dissipated into the environment with exhaust gases, which allows for research on the development of methods for the secondary use of exhaust heat aimed at ensuring an effective temperature regime for the driving axles of vehicles.
Keywords: exhaust gases, exhaust system, car, thermal regime, ambient temperature.

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UDC 633.367:636.085
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.019

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKENS AND POULTRY PRODUCTIVITY WHEN INCLUDING BAROHYDROTHERMALLY TREATED LUPINE IN THEIR DIET
E.V. Polyakova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; E.S. Saraykin¹, graduate student;
A.V. Nosov¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
G.I. Boryaev², Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
N.P. Balobanova², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 628-151, e-mail This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Moscow University of Finance and Industry "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

In recent years, Russia has reached significant heights in scientific substantiation of the use of genetic potential of productivity of farm animals and poultry. For the effective development of industrial areas in the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to work tirelessly to improve technological processes. Broiler chickens are raised in a short time, when the bird must maximize its genetic potential. The level and quality of protein feeding can have a significant effect on poultry productivity. Each element of feeding becomes an important link in the chain leading to high performance, so careful selection and optimization of rations plays a crucial role in increasing productivity and economic efficiency of poultry industry.
The research work is aimed at assessing changes in the biochemical profile and improving the productive characteristics of broiler chickens, while partially replacing the traditionally used soybean meal in their diet with a new feed component – lupine seeds treated by the barohydrothermal method (BHT). After BHT treatment, white lupine was additionally enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, what made it possible to effectively reduce the effect of anti-nutritional factors that adversely affect digestive processes, and at the same time increase the level of easily assimilated protein in the feed.
As a result of introduction of treated white lupine seeds into the diet of broiler chickens, a positive trend was recorded. In the first experimental group, tgere was an increase in the total protein content in the blood serum by 5.3%, while in the second group – by 3.4%. The average excess body weight of the experimental groups in comparison with the control group reached 12.7%. Substitution of 50% of soybean meal with lupin modified in this way promoted the activation of protein metabolism in the organism of birds, contributing to better expression of their genetic potential and providing higher live weight gain.
Keywords: lupine, barohydrothermal treatment, meat productivity, broiler chickens, feed yeast.

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UDC 631.363
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.010

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING EFFICIENCY INDICATORS FOR MILK PRODUCTIVITY
V.V. Konovalov¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
S. Yu. Efremova¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
A.V. Chupshev², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.P. Teryushkov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, (8412) 628-542, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In order to increase the efficiency of milk production, measures are needed to reduce production costs. The system of indicators of intensification of milk production can make it possible to analyze changes in economic efficiency and draw reasonable conclusions. The analysis of the technological processes of the enterprise made it possible to clarify the way and types of interaction between the processes and the animal. The realization of milk production can be expressed in the form of a mathematical model.
The purpose of the study is to improve the mathematical model of the efficiency of cattle breeding in terms of milk productivity by developing a methodology for determining the numerical values of the indicators. The known models for cattle breeding were analyzed. The influence of the most important biological and technological factors was revealed. The system of sound indicators of intensification of milk production can make it possible to analyze the change in the economic efficiency of production during its modernization and draw reasonable conclusions. The essence of the model can be expressed by criteria and indicators of the efficiency coefficient of milk productivity. The improvement of the mathematical model of breeding efficiency of cattle by milk productivity allows to clarify the influence of influencing factors and the implementation of processes in the modernization of production. The developed methodology for determining the numerical values of indicators makes it possible to determine the influence of factors based on statistical data and the technical description of livestock facilities.
Keywords: mathematical model, milk productivity, animals, numerical values, coefficient, interval, equipment.

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