UDC 631.46+ 582.28
DOI10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.006

EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPOST FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WASTE ON THE MICROBIOCENOSIS AND STRUCTURE OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
S.A. Sashenkova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
D.Yu. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Solving the problem of soil fertility depletion under conditions of intensive land use is one of the main problems in agriculture. Traditionally, organic and mineral fertilizers are used for this purpose. However, in modern conditions, technologies that ensure the conservation of resources and the protection of the environment are preferred. Therefore, the development of bioconversion of agricultural waste is relevant, which makes it possible to solve several problems, including improving economic efficiency.
However, the question of the effects of various fertilizers and composts on the microbiocenosis and soil structure, including the leached chernozem, is of interest to experts due to the lack of studies and the lack of clear results. This is due to the complexity of microbial degradation processes and the transformation of fertilizers in the soil, which depend on many factors, ranging from soil type and climatic conditions to the biological characteristics of the cultivated plants.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the application of compost based on poultry manure and fungal substrate on the microbiocenosis and the structure of leached chernozem in spring wheat agrocenosis.
The study showed that the use of compost significantly increased the number of microorganisms in the soil. Thus, in the tillering phase, it increased 2-3 times compared to the control. The density of the arable layer and the water-stable aggregates also decreased. The maximum softening effect of 0.20-0.29 g/cm3 was observed in the variants with the application of organomineral fertilizer and fungal compost in the tillering phase, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the agronomically valuable fractions of 8.7 and 11.3 % was found in the variants with the application of organomineral fertilizer. The content of water-stable aggregates increased significantly with the use of compost. It increased by 5.1-8.1 % when using the fungal compost, by 9.5 and 9.8 % for manure and litter of natural destruction, and by 10.3 and 12.1 % for organomineral fertilizer.
Keywords: compost, organic fertilizers, leached chernozem, microbial number, agronomically valuable fractions, water-stable aggregates.

Publication information View article

UDC 633.63:632.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.008

WEED SPECIES COMPOSITION AND INFESTATION OF SUGAR BEET CROPS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF ARABLE LAND DEVELOPMENT
E.V. Zheryakov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,
A.S. Paliychuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of research to determine the species composition and abundance of the weed component in crops during sugar beet cultivation on old arable and newly introduced lands, as well as to determine the effect of herbicides on weeds and cultivated plants. It was found that after the first treatment with betanal herbicides, dicotyledonous weeds that formed two true leaves were more noticeably resistant to the herbicide, as a result of which the efficiency of the latter decreased to 96 %. In the cotyledon stage of dicotyledonous weeds, 98-99% of them died. Herbicides inhibit the growth and mass of cultivated plants. The combination of herbicides used in the second treatment contributed not only to the purification of crops from weeds (92-99%), but also had a negative impact – phytotoxicity for sugar beet was 18.0-18.5%, regardless of the level of development of arable land. As a result of the third herbicide treatment, the death of annual dicotyledonous weeds on old arable lands was 94.7-98.3%, on developed and introduced into crop rotation – 94.3-98.5%. The biological effectiveness of the applied herbicide combination in its effects on perennial dicotyledonous weeds was high and amounted to 94-95%. At the same time, the level of phytotoxicity of the applied herbicide combination for sugar beet significantly decreased (up to 12-13%), compared with earlier herbicide treatments.
Keywords: herbicides, hybrids, weeds, sugar beet, phytotoxicity.

Publication information View article

UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.003

EVALUATION OF NEW INITIAL MATERIAL IN BREEDING OF MONOECIOUS INDUSTRIAL HEMP FOR SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND OIL CONTENT
V.A. Serkov¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences;
V.V. Koshelyaev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.K. Davydova², postgraduate student;
I.P. Koshelyaeva², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
¹Federal Scientific Center of Bast Crops", Russia, tel. 8 (4822) 41-61-10 ext. 313, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article presents results of the evaluation of new source material in breeding of monoecious canna-bis. The aim of this study was to evaluate new hybrid-derived initial material and identify forms with high seed productivity and oil content for use in crossing and selection systems in the development of next-generation varieties. As a result of the evaluation of new breeding forms of monoecious cannabis, 10 forms were identi-fied that, regardless of the conditions of the year, consistently formed seed productivity above the average value of the entire sample set. Eleven samples were distinguished by a high relative oil content in seeds, 16 samples had a high absolute oil content in seeds and 6 samples were characterized by high indicators of both relative and absolute oil content in seeds. It is shown that the absolute oil content in seeds has a correlation relationship with the seed weight, characterized from medium to strong, which indicates an indirect relation-ship with productivity and justifies the production of forms with high seed weight and oil content.
Keywords: common hemp, features and properties, seed productivity, oil content, initial material.

Publication information View article

UDC 633.63
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.013

STRESS RESISTANCE OF SUGAR BEET HYBRIDS OF DOMESTIC BREEDING WHEN TREATED WITH HERBICIDES
E.V. Zheryakov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of research to identify a sugar beet hybrid that is most stress-resistant to the negative effects of herbicides. It was found that after the first chemical weed contol on the hybrid F1 RMS 121, the phytotoxicity of the herbicide was 18.90%. It was found that at the initial stages of their growth, sugar beet plants of the F1 Skala, F1 Priliv and F1 Burya hybrids were the most resistant to the negative effects of herbicides. They resumed active growth faster after treatment with the herbicide. After the second herbi-cide treatment, the phytotoxicity of sugar beet averaged 18.22%. During herbicidal treatment, plants of the standard hybrid F1 RMS 121 significantly lagged behind in development, and the average daily increase was 1,230 g. The hybrid F1 Skala showed the greatest resistance to the negative effects of herbicides, and the mass of 100 plants was 11.1% higher than that of F1 RMS 121. After the third herbicide treatment, the phyto-toxicity decreased significantly to 12-13% compared to previous treatments. And, as before, the hybrid F1 Ska-la showed the highest resistance to the negative effects of herbicides. Phytotoxicity for sugar beet plants of F1 Burya and F1 Volna hybrids was 12.59%. The hybrids F1 Vulkan, F1 Tsunami, F1 Gorizont and F1 Priliv turned out to be less stable. They showed the ability to restore active growth after herbicidal stress at the level of 87%.
Keywords: herbicides, hybrids, sugar beet, phytotoxicity, plant weight.

Publication information View article