UDC 911.53 (470.40)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.002

ECO-SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPES IN PENZA REGION
O.A. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.D. Hananina, student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia. e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The research is aimed at eco-sustainability assessment of landscapes in the Penza region municipalities. To analyze total landscape eco-sustainability, the coefficient of landscape eco-sustainability (CLEC) was used. The current research identified nine municipalities with extremely unsustainable landscape (CLEC = 0.15-0.49), six districts with unsustainable landscape (CLEC = 0.50-0.95) and six municipalities with nearly sustainable landscape (CLEC = 1.12-2.02). In the Penza region, the Gorodishchensky and Kuznetsky districts (municipalities) have sustainable landscape, and the Narovchatsky, Nikolsky and Sosnovoborsky municipalities – extremely sustainable landscape. Obtained results showed general information on the level of landscape eco-sustainability in the Penza region, and would help to choose a better set of measures to stabilize, preserve and restore landscapes.
Keywords: landscape, sustainable landscape, unsustainable landscape, coefficient of landscape eco-sustainability.

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UDC 631.86
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.016

OBTAINING GRANULATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS FROM POULTRY LITTER IN PENZA REGION
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
B.S. Zadkov, Postgraduate Student
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article is devoted to the problem of poultry litter processing for its further utilization and application as a fertilizer. In the last decade, there has been an increase in the specific weight of poultry meat in the scale of livestock production, while the total number of poultry grown on different farms in the Penza region has increased from 9749.5 thousand to 15130.5 thousand. Currently, the annual total output of litter on the poultry farms is about 560 thousand tons, that could lead to environmental pollution in the surrounding area. Litter from local poultry farms contains a high content of nutrients necessary for plants (Ntotal up to 5.7%, P2O5 up to 5.6%, K2O up to 4.4%), that could be used as organic fertilizers or the main component in the production of organomineral fertilizers after composting.
Turkey litter generated at agricultural plots of PenzaMolInvest LLC is characterized by a high content of nutrients and after preliminary fermentation could be used to obtain granulated organic and organomineral fertilizers. Granulation of turkey litter after five months of natural composting at storage sites in pure form and with the addition of mineral components (defecate, phosphate flour or wooden plants’ ash) made it possible to obtain organic and organomineral fertilizers with high properties: nitrogen content of 2.1-4.1%, phosphorus content of 1.6-5.2%, potassium content of 1.7-4.5%, pH of 6.5-8.8, organic carbon content of 29.4-43.3%.
Keywords: poultry litter, chemical content, organomineral fertilizer, agrochemical composition of fertilizers.

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UDC 637.116
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.025

THEORETICAL STUDY OF DEFORMATIONS OF THE NIPPLE TUBE OF A MILKING MACHINE
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; V.D. Badov, post-graduate student;
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article considers the need to organize an accommodating mode of operation of the milking machine, taking into account the effects of the calf's mouth or the milker's hand, in order to increase the intensity of milking by increasing the effectiveness of milking stimuli and improving the method of milk extraction from the udder by converting the "compression" cycle into the "compression with squeezing" cycle. For this purpose, the nipple tube is considered as one of the key elements of the milking machine, which directly interacts with the animal and performs the function of an executive mechanism. In this case, the nipple tube of the milking machinewas assumed to be an axisymmetric membrane of rotation. An instantaneous theory of strength calculation of thin membranes was applied and a linear inhomogeneous fourth-order differential equation with constant coefficients was obtained, as a result of which the equation of linear deformations was determined. This equation made it possible to determine the deflection of the symmetrical working part of the nipple tube depending on the dynamic and design parameters, the technical elastic constants of the material used, as well as coefficients with exponential, cosine and sinusoidal components for the height of the working part of the nipple tube. It was proposed to reduce the thickness of the working part of the nipple tube at the junction with the teat cup. It helped to increase the intensity of milking, which will form a consistent wave motion of the symmetrical radial deflection of the working part from the teat cup to the outlet of the nipple tube thus squeezing an additional portion of milk from the nipple section of the udder tank during the "compression" cycle, converting it into a "compression with squeezing." It was found that with a decrease in the thickness of the working part of the nipple tube in the range between 0.0018 and 0.0012 m, a decrease in the wavelength of its deflection in the range between 0.025 and 0.02 m was observed, which ensured the conversion of the "compression" cycle into the "compression with squeezing" cycle.
Keywords: stress, deformation, deflection, nipple tube, wavelength.

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UDC 631.313.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.024

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF ROD-TOOTHED ROLLER DESIGN PARAMETERS IN SOIL CULTIVATORS FOR PRE-SOWING OPERATIONS
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, R.R. Khabibullin, engineer
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
tel. 89273624824, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the traditional technology of cultivation and harvesting of grain crops, pre-sowing soil cultivation is one of the main agricultural operations. It is performed by various cultivators and combined units. In general, they reliably and efficiently perform the technological process, however, when processing heavy soils, the degree of crumbling of the soil prepared for sowing does not meet agrotechnical requirements.
The article provides a brief description of the proposed rod-toothed roller of the pre-sowing tillage cultivator, which allows to significantly increase the degree of soil crumbling, parametric equations of the trajectory of the movement of the end of the tooth of the rod-toothed roller, dependencies for determining the speed and acceleration of the end of the tooth are obtained. The design parameters of the rod-toothed roller (radius of the rod roller, maximum length of the tooth, minimum number of teeth in one vertical plane) are theoretically substantiated. As calculations show, the minimum radius of the rod roller R = 150 mm, maximum tooth length lmax = 50 mm, minimum number of teeth in one vertical plane n_min = 5 pcs. Since the teeth are rigidly attached to the rods installed at an angle, the number of rods (lead) on the rod-tooth roller m must be equal to the number of teeth in one vertical plane, m = n.
Keywords: cultivator, combined unit, pre-sowing soil cultivation, rod-toothed roller, rod roller tooth, degree of soil crumbling, design parameters, roller diameter, tooth length.

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