UDC 637.116
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.025

THEORETICAL STUDY OF DEFORMATIONS OF THE NIPPLE TUBE OF A MILKING MACHINE
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; V.D. Badov, post-graduate student;
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article considers the need to organize an accommodating mode of operation of the milking machine, taking into account the effects of the calf's mouth or the milker's hand, in order to increase the intensity of milking by increasing the effectiveness of milking stimuli and improving the method of milk extraction from the udder by converting the "compression" cycle into the "compression with squeezing" cycle. For this purpose, the nipple tube is considered as one of the key elements of the milking machine, which directly interacts with the animal and performs the function of an executive mechanism. In this case, the nipple tube of the milking machinewas assumed to be an axisymmetric membrane of rotation. An instantaneous theory of strength calculation of thin membranes was applied and a linear inhomogeneous fourth-order differential equation with constant coefficients was obtained, as a result of which the equation of linear deformations was determined. This equation made it possible to determine the deflection of the symmetrical working part of the nipple tube depending on the dynamic and design parameters, the technical elastic constants of the material used, as well as coefficients with exponential, cosine and sinusoidal components for the height of the working part of the nipple tube. It was proposed to reduce the thickness of the working part of the nipple tube at the junction with the teat cup. It helped to increase the intensity of milking, which will form a consistent wave motion of the symmetrical radial deflection of the working part from the teat cup to the outlet of the nipple tube thus squeezing an additional portion of milk from the nipple section of the udder tank during the "compression" cycle, converting it into a "compression with squeezing." It was found that with a decrease in the thickness of the working part of the nipple tube in the range between 0.0018 and 0.0012 m, a decrease in the wavelength of its deflection in the range between 0.025 and 0.02 m was observed, which ensured the conversion of the "compression" cycle into the "compression with squeezing" cycle.
Keywords: stress, deformation, deflection, nipple tube, wavelength.

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UDC 631.313.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.024

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF ROD-TOOTHED ROLLER DESIGN PARAMETERS IN SOIL CULTIVATORS FOR PRE-SOWING OPERATIONS
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, R.R. Khabibullin, engineer
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
tel. 89273624824, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the traditional technology of cultivation and harvesting of grain crops, pre-sowing soil cultivation is one of the main agricultural operations. It is performed by various cultivators and combined units. In general, they reliably and efficiently perform the technological process, however, when processing heavy soils, the degree of crumbling of the soil prepared for sowing does not meet agrotechnical requirements.
The article provides a brief description of the proposed rod-toothed roller of the pre-sowing tillage cultivator, which allows to significantly increase the degree of soil crumbling, parametric equations of the trajectory of the movement of the end of the tooth of the rod-toothed roller, dependencies for determining the speed and acceleration of the end of the tooth are obtained. The design parameters of the rod-toothed roller (radius of the rod roller, maximum length of the tooth, minimum number of teeth in one vertical plane) are theoretically substantiated. As calculations show, the minimum radius of the rod roller R = 150 mm, maximum tooth length lmax = 50 mm, minimum number of teeth in one vertical plane n_min = 5 pcs. Since the teeth are rigidly attached to the rods installed at an angle, the number of rods (lead) on the rod-tooth roller m must be equal to the number of teeth in one vertical plane, m = n.
Keywords: cultivator, combined unit, pre-sowing soil cultivation, rod-toothed roller, rod roller tooth, degree of soil crumbling, design parameters, roller diameter, tooth length.

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UDC 636.2.083+636.2.034.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.023

EFFECT OF HOUSING METHODS ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF COWS
A.C. Livchikov, graduate student, T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
M.N. Nevitov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412)628-380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The assessment of the effect of the method of housing on the indicators of dairy productivity and productive longevity of cows was carried out in the conditions of ZAO Konstantinovo and the Ramzai Educational and Experimental Farm of Penza State Agrarian University. The animals were divided into groups, taking into account the method of housing and their linear affiliation. When assessing milk productivity, the following indicators were taken into account: the number of milking days, milk yield for the entire lactation period and for 305 days of lactation, the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk, the amount of milk fat and protein per lactation. As a result of the assessment of animals by milk productivity of the first lactation, it was found that milk yield for the entire lactation period and the amount of milk fat were higher in loose housing, on average by 10.0%. In the study of milk productivity indicators, depending on the line affiliation, it was noted that milk yield for the entire first lactation period was higher in loose housing of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line by 1346 kg or 11.3%. When evaluating cows for the third lactation, it was found that in tethered housing, the Reflection Sovering line had the highest milk yield for the entire lactation period by 26.3%, and milk yield for 305 days by 18.7%. The amount of milk fat in the third lactation is higher in tethered housing in the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line with a difference of 78 kg. To study productive longevity the following indicators were taken: indicators as the number of milking days, lifetime milk yield, duration of use in lactation, milk yield per one day of life and lactation, duration of the service period and body weight. As a result of the research, the duration of productive use was higher in tethered housing cows by 0.85 of lactation or by 14.4%, milk yield per one day of life and lactation was higher in loose housing cows. Depending on the line affiliation, it was found that the duration of productive use and lifetime milk yield was higher in tethered Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line, as well as milk yield per one day of life and lactation.
Keywords: loose housing, tethered housing un, milk production, milk yield, service period, productive use.

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UDC 633.491 + 631.86 + 631.81
DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.021

APPLICATION OF GRANULAR FERTILIZERS BASED ON TURKEY MANURE IN POTATO CULTIVATION
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Galiullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of field studies on the effect and aftereffect of granular fertilizers from turkey manure on the agrochemical properties of leached chernozem and the yield of potato tubers, carried out in 2022-2023 in the separate subdivision "Educational and Experimental Farm "Ramzay" of Penza SAU" (Penza region, Mokshansky district). Granular fertilizer from turkey manure, produced at OOO “Bioorganika” (Penza region, Nizhnelomovsky district), is a complex organic fertilizer with a high content of nutrients and is characterized by the content of nitrogen 3.9 %, phosphorus 3.3 %, potassium 4.2%, organic matter (carbon) 41.0 %, pHsalt – 6.7 units. The annual application of granular fertilizers from turkey manure to potatoes in doses of 1 to 3 t/ha leads to a gradual decrease in soil acidity by 0.06-0.15 pH units per year, an increase in alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 0.5-3.4 mg/kg and mobile phosphorus in the soil by 8.3-20.6 mg/kg. A single application of granular fertilizers from turkey manure in doses of 1 to 3 t/ha leads to an increase in the total yield of potato tubers by 17.4-76.2 % and a repeated application the following year by 45.4-90.9 %. An increase in the yield of marketable tubers was observed. Subsequently, the tuber yield increased by 18.2-45.4 %, indicating a long-lasting effect of the organic fertilizers from manure.
Keywords: granular fertilizer from turkey manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil acidity, potato, yield.

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