Journal 2024-1 - Volga Region Farmland

DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.005
UDC 633.358:631.526.32

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF VEGETABLE PEAS
O.M. Kasynkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.I. Gryazeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Nushtaeva, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Blinokhvatova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(412)-628373,
email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

One of the most important conditions for increasing the yield of vegetable peas and expanding the supply of raw materials is the selection of varieties adapted to specific environmental and climatic conditions and the improvement of cultivation technology. One of the methods for improving the technology of vegetable pea cultivation, which ensures high yields and its ecological compatibility, is the use of growth regulators. The effect of growth regulators on the productivity and environmental stability of vegetable peas was studied in the conditions of the collection plot of FSBEI HE "Penza State Agrarian University". It was found that the duration of the vegeatition period in the experimental variants was 75 to 80 days, while in the control variant it was 86 days. It was also found that treating the seed with growth regulators increased seed size in yield. So, the thousand seed weight was 154.6 to 172.0 grams when treated with preparations, compared to 150.2 grams in the control. The studies showed that the yield of the vegetable pea variety Darunok varied significantly from year to year, from 3.72 in 2020 in the variant with the application of the growth regulator Rastvorin to 5.14 t/ha in 2021 in the variant with the application of the growth regulator Epin-extra. Looking at the technological technique, i.e. growth regulators, in all study years, the highest yields were recorded in the seed treatment with Epin-extra and amounted to 4.54 t/ha in 2019, 4.96 t/ha in 2020 and 5.14 t/ha in 2021. The average yield for this variant over the three years was 4.88 t/ha, which is 0.93 t more than the control variant. Studies have shown that the growth regulator Epin-extra leads to consistently high yields under different weather conditions in different years. The ecological plasticity index for this variant was 1.13. The effectiveness of the application of other growth regulators depends on the vegetation conditions.
Keywords: vegetable peas, variety, productivity, growth regulators, interstage period, crop structure, ecological plasticity.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.004
UDC 633.853.483+632.5

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SEEDING RATE ON WEED INFESTATION OF BROWN MUSTARD AGROCENOSES
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Yu.A. Prokhorova, postgraduate student
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

It is necessary to assess weed infestation of crops in order to use arable land rationally, since the presence of weed cenosis is one of the main reasons that reduce yields. One of the controlling factors of agrocenosis weed infestation is the seeding rate, which affects the number of plants per unit area. Among cole crops, brown mustard is the one that greatly requires purity of fields, especially in the initial growth stages. It is very relevant to evaluate the parameters of stem density individually for each variety. Therefore, the aim of the research is to determine the optimal seeding rate, at which the studied varieties of brown mustard are able to actively suppress weeds without reducing the overall productivity of crops. The experimental work was carried out on the meadow-chernozem soil of the collection site of the Penza State Agrarian University. The weed infestation of mustard during the full sprouting stage varied over the years of research and this is due to an increase in moisture. With HTC 3.1 in 2022, regardless of the seeding rate and variety, the number of weeds amounted to 58 pcs/m2 with a mass of 38.5 g/m2. In the second year of research, with HTC 1.5, the number of weed decreased by 12.5 pcs/m2, and their mass by 17 g/m2. On average, over two years, the total number of weed for harvesting decreased to 32.2 pcs/m2 against 51.8 pcs/m2 in the stage of 3-4 mustard leaves, that is, in quantitative terms, weed infestation decreased by 38%, and in weight equivalent increased by 2.4 times, because the mass of the weed component by the end of the growing season was 78.3 g/m2, since common purslane appeared in the agrocenosis. Mustard varieties had no effect on weed suppression, but their number for harvesting decreased from 44.0 to 22.0 pcs/m2 with an increase in the seeding rate from 1.0 to 3.0 million germinating seeds per hectare.
Keywords: weed infestation, brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), seeding rate, variety, weed mass, hydrothermal coefficient.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.003
UDC 633.88 (470.40)

THE QUALITY OF POT MARIGOLD RAW MATERIAL OBTAINED IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION USING GROWTH REGULATORS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.A. Kutikhina, postgraduate student;
E.E. Kurdyukov1, Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, Botanicheskaya str. 30, 440014
tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail:
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
1Penza State University,
Penza, Russia, Krasnaya str. 40, 440026

When growing medicinal plants, it is important not only to obtain a high yield, but also high-quality raw materials. A wide range of pharmacological effects of calendula is due to the content of the dominant complex of biologically active compounds (BAС) responsible for immune activity and antioxidant properties.
These include flavonoids (rutin, narcissin) and carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein). Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the effect of growth regulators of natural origin on the quality of pot marigold raw materials obtained in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The amount of flavonoids was determined in calendula flowers collected in the third decade of July, August, and September by differential spectrophotometry in terms of rutin at a wavelength of 408 nm. Quantitative determination of the content of calendula carotenoids in flowers was carried out by direct spectrophotometric method at an analytical wavelength of 450 nm
in terms of β-carotene. The average flavonoid content in July was 3.27%. In the raw materials harvested in August, flavonoid number decreased by 0.24%, in September it increased to 3.36%. According to the Golden Sea variety, the dynamics of accumulation of the amount of flavonoids from 3.37 to 3.46% can be traced. The use of Biodux and Zircon growth regulators ensures high quality of raw materials with a carotenoid content of 160.8...184.7 mg/% and 160.9...204.1 mg/%, respectively, depending on the harvest periods. This indicates the possibility of using vegetable raw materials for the industrial production of calendula preparations.
Keywords:pot marigold, variety, growth regulators, quality, raw materials, flowers, carotenoids, flavonoids.

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Agronomy

THE QUALITY OF POT MARIGOLD RAW MATERIAL OBTAINED IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION USING GROWTH REGULATORS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.A. Kutikhina, postgraduate student;
E.E. Kurdyukov¹, Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, Botanicheskaya str. 30, 440014
tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
¹Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Krasnaya str. 40, 440026

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(412)-628373,
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ECOLOGICAL VALENCE OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I. R. Manukyan Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Scientific Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal State Scientific Center "Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

EVALUATION OF THE STARTING MATERIAL FOR THE BREEDING OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I. R. Manukyan¹ Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.H. Kozyrev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
¹North Caucasian Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal State Scientific Center "Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Mikhailovskoye, Russia, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Mountain State Agrarian University, Vladikavkaz, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF YIELD FORMATION OF SUGAR BEET ON HYDROTHERMAL RESOURCES
K.R. Ismagilov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, a separate structural unit of the Ufa Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia, tel. 89033103186, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENT IN THE PEA GRAIN DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION AND FOLIAR FERTILIZER APPLICATION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.V. Shabyshev, Postgraduate
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE ON THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS
K.Yu. Kiselyova, graduate student;
E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.N. Arefyev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.E. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

THE POTENTIAL OF USING FESTULOLIUM IN THE ORGANIZATION OF OF FODDER AND DECORATIVE AGROPHYTOCENOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
E.A. Kalinichev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, A.A. Galiullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 8-996-247-86-19, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products

REALIZATION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF STUD BULLS OF VARIOUS SELECTION
Berezkina G. Yu., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Zakirova R. R., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , 8(3412)77-17-99.
Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , 8(3412)916-116.

PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES IN BROILER CHICKENS DEPENDING ON THE PROTEIN AND METABOLIC ENERGY LEVEL IN COMPOUND FEEDS
D.G. Poghosyan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; M.N. Rybalko, post-graduate student
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 618151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial com

EVALUATION OF DIESEL FUELS BY A COMPLEX INDICATOR OF COMBUSTION STIFFNESS IN A PISTON ENGINE
D.A. Ukhanov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; D.A. Manshev, Doctor of Technical
Sciences, Associate Professor; A.P. Ukhanov¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Federal Autonomous Establishment "The 25th State Research Institute of chemmotology of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia;
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

THE DESIGN OF THE SEEDING MACHINE WITH A MODIFIED SHAPE OF THE GROOVE PROFILE OF THE SECTIONAL ROLLER FOR SOWING GRAIN SEEDS
I.A. Surkov, postgraduate student;
N. P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
A. V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor.
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
tel. (8412) 628 517, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

DESIGN, JUSTIFICATION OF GEOMETRIC AND STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF A HELICAL GEARBOX
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
Students: D.V. Grishin, V.K. Usankin
Penza State Agrarian University, 440014, Penza, Botanicheskaya str. 30, Russia,
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RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON THE PNEUMATIC SEEDER EQUIPPED WITH COULTERS WITH EPICYCLOIDAL GROOVES ALONG THE CONTOUR
V.A. Sipunov, Engineer, V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

LABORATORY TESTS OF THE DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORT AND TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINES
A.S. Ivanov¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; V.V. Lyandenbursky¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; N.I. Sergeev¹, Postgraduate
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 65-82-42 Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF A TELESCOPIC LIFTING ATTACHMENT WITH MODELING OF ITS STRESS-STRAIN STATE
A.L. Sevostianov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; V.V. Vinogradov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; I.L. Volkova, Senior Lecturer; V.A. Sevostyanov, engineer,Yu.N. Ryzhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Oryol State Agrarian University named after N. V. Parakhin", Oryol, Russia,
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Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)

DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REGION
N.N. Bondina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, I.A. Bondin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, O.V. Lavrina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, E.V. Shirokova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Russia
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ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND UTILIZATION IN PENZA REGION
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
N.M. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
E.A. Starostina, student of
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
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