DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.009
UDC 633.111.1:57.03

EVALUATION OF THE STARTING MATERIAL FOR THE BREEDING OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I. R. Manukyan¹ Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.H. Kozyrev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
¹North Caucasian Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal State Scientific Center "Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Mikhailovskoye, Russia, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Mountain State Agrarian University, Vladikavkaz, Russia

The realization of the high productivity potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely determined by adaptability to soil and climatic growing conditions. A properly selected cultivar for specific soil and climatic conditions allows you to increase yields, improve product quality, and reduce the cost of fertilizers and plant protection products. For the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, the most important sign of adaptability is resistance to harmful diseases. To solve this problem, the appropriate source material is required. The purpose of the research is to study the genetic diversity of winter soft wheat cultivars in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, a comprehensive assessment of winter soft wheat cultivars of the VIR collection for resistance to brown rust, pyrenosporosis and fusarium of an ear in order to include in the breeding program. A three-year (2020-2022) field study of 27 cultivars of winter soft wheat of the standard cultivar Don 107 was conducted. According to the results of the evaluation of the cultivars for resistance to ear fusarium, the susceptible type of reaction (S) was 11.1.0%, the stable type (R) – 26.0%, the intermediate type of reaction – 62.9%. According to the resistance to brown rust, the studied cultivars were ranked as follows: resistant (R) – 14.8%, susceptible (S) – 29.6%, medium–resistant (MR) - 37.0%, medium–susceptible (MS) - 18.5%. According to the resistance to pyrenophorosis, the varieties are divided into the following groups: resistant (R) – 33.3%, susceptible (S) – 11.1%, medium–resistant (MR) - 25.9%, medium–susceptible (MS) - 29.6%. Complex field resistance to the main harmful diseases of winter wheat is present in the following cultivars: Omskaya 5 (Russia), Olivin (Germany), Rausin (Kazakhstan), Karasajj (Kazakhstan), Kredo (Belarus), Chornobrova (Ukraine), Zvytyaga (Ukraine), Zysk (Ukraine). They can be recommended for the breeding programs of this region.
Keywords: economic character, diseases, winter wheat, disease resistance, ear fusarium.

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