DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.018
UDC 631.95

THE THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SCHEME OF AN ENERGY SAVING EXTRUDER
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
V.M. Zimnyakov, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor;
A.A. Kurochkin¹, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
S.V.Makovsky, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.V. Chirkova, student
Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, t. +7(8412)628-359,
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
¹Penza State Technical University, Russia, t. +7(8412)49-56-99,
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The paper presents the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the optimal design and technological parameters of an energy-saving extruder to prepare granular feed. The object of the study was the induction heater chamber. As a result of the analysis, a number of design changes are expected to be made to the currently used extruder designs. In the designed energy-saving extruder to prepare granular feed, the auger will be replaced by a screw pair, which will provide the necessary operating pressure in the treatment of raw materials, as well as its movement from the loading part of the machine to the die. More thorough treatment of raw materials will be carried out owing to the installed induction heating chamber in an energy-saving extruder. The obtained theoretical dependences allowed us to establish that with the steady temperature mode of the induction heating chamber, the heating area will no longer depend on the heating time and the mode will become quasi-stationary. The reduction of energy consumption for the execution of the extruder working process will be ensured due to replacement of the extruder working unit augers with a screw pump and an induction heater. To establish the optimal design and technological parameters of the designed extruder, it will be necessary to conduct experimental studies and compare them with the results of theoretical studies.
Keywords: extruder, induction chamber, induction heater, loading chamber.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.017
UDC 636.2.082.25:636.237.21

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRST-CALF COWS DEPENDING ON THEIR LINEAGE
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
S. M. Skvortsov, postgraduate student,
G. M. Albikova, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Russia,
Tel. 8(8412) 628380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Studies on the milk productivity of cows after the first lactation, depending on the lineage, were conducted at Konstantinovo CJSC in the Penza region, where three groups of Holstein cows were formed. Each group of cows belonged to a specific lineage: the first group included the daughters of bulls of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 lineage, the second – Montwick Chieftain 95679, the third – Reflection Sovering 198998. The following indicators were evaluated: milk yield on average per lactation, milk yield for 305 days of lactation, milk yield for 100 days of lactation, average percentage of fat in milk and amount of milk fat, mass fraction and amount of milk protein. As a result of the research, it was found that the second group of cows that belonged to the Montwick Chieftain 95679 lineage stood out in several aspects: the animals showed high productivity, the average milk yield during the first lactation was 8941.72 kg, which exceeded the groups of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 lineage (p < 0.01) and Reflection Sovering 198998 lineage; the indicator of fat and protein content in milk was approximately the same in all groups of cows, but cows of the Montwick Chieftain 95679 lineage stood out with the highest values, this group also had the highest indicators of milk fat and protein obtained. Thus, the studies have confirmed that cows of the Montwick Chieftain 95679 lineage manifest themselves as high-yielding and produce milk with a high fat and protein content.
Keywords: lineage, milk productivity, milk yield, first lactation, Holstein breed.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.016
UDC 636.2.034.082

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE REALISATION OF THE GENOMIC FORECAST OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY
E.M. Kislyakova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
Yu.V. Isupova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
M.K. Kuznetsova, postgraduate student;
Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia
+7(965)8412775, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract: Modern milk producers strive to ensure that their animals have a high genetic potential of milk productivity and fully realise it in specific technological conditions and, accordingly, give high profits. In this regard, it is of scientific and practical interest to study the effect of different technological conditions of milk production on the realisation of the genomic forecast of dairy cattle productivity. The research was carried out in the collective farm "Udmurtia" of the Vavozhsky district of the Udmurt Republic in the period of 2022-2023. The material for the study was the heifers of the Holstein breed, which had the results of a genomic assessment. The analysis of the actual productivity of animals and the assessment of the realisation of their breeding value were carried out depending on the technology of keeping and milking. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the forecast of the breeding value of heifers in terms of milk productivity had a fairly high percentage of fulfilment. In terms of milk yield in the compared groups of animals, the realisation of breeding value was 120.9-122.5%, in terms of milk quality indicators it was slightly lower – from 101.5 to 107.1%. The exception is the indicator of the mass fraction of fat in milk with cubicle technology of animal husbandry and milking at the Carousel installation (98.8%). Moreover, in animals with a negative assessment of breeding value, the productive potential was better realised in the conditions of tie-up keeping and milking into a linear milk pipeline. The level of breeding value realisation by milk yield was 124.1%, by the mass fraction of fat in milk – 108.4%, protein – 102.7%. Animals with a positive prognosis of breeding value realized their potential better in modern high-tech conditions with loose keeping and milking in the milking house.
Keywords: genomic assessment, breeding value, heifers, first-calf cows, dairy productivity, keeping technology.

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UDC: 579.64/579.62
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.015

MICROBIOTA OF TURKEY INTESTINES AND LITTER MATERIALS: FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE POULTRY WASTE DEGRADATION
D.Yu. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, L.L. Oshkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, A.V. Ostapchuk, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Annotation. The intestinal microflora of a healthy bird is an important component of the body's natural resistance and immune reactivity, that is, the key to productivity. The safety of droppings to be stored is also related to the composition of the intestinal microflora of poultry. The degradation of waste such as litter masses, determined by the activity of microorganisms, is an important environmental aspect. In addition, it should be remembered the importance of microflora, including resident microflora, in subsequent processes of natural degradation of droppings at storage sites. The aim of the study was to determine the composition of the intestinal microflora of turkey based on the analysis of manure and the native microbiota of litter masses to assess the role of microorganisms in the degradation of these materials. The identification of microorganisms was carried out using generally accepted microbiological methods. The biological safety of litter materials was assessed by analyzing the content of pathogenic and oopportunistic pathogenic microflora. The composition of the native microflora of litter masses was studied, during which the predominance of the proportion of resident bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry was found. The representation of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in substrates at different stages of decomposition was evaluated. The initial stage of destruction of the nitrogen-rich waste mass is the processes of ammonification, in the initiation of which the native microflora plays an important role. The dynamics of the microbiota of litter masses during the annual storage period has been studied. Aspects of substrate degradation with the participation of native and zymogenic microflora have been studied. Significant differences in the degree of destruction of samples taken from different sites of the waste storage landfill have been established, which may be explained by the heterogeneity of the microflora. The expediency of developing technological methods of controlled degradation based on the use of degraders with known functional properties in the condition of controlled physico-chemical parameters of the substrate has been established.
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-26-10059, http://rscf.ru/project/23-26-10059/.
Keywords: intestinal microflora of birds, biological safety, microflora of manure, biodegradation of poultry waste.

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