UDC 633.1:631.15 (470.40)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.022

ASPECTS OF REGIONAL POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRAIN SUBCOMPLEX USING THE EXAMPLE OF PENZA REGION
A.A. Ivanov¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; S.N. Alekseeva¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; L.B. Vinnichek², Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Saint Petersburg”, St. Petersburg, Russia, tel. 89050164668, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the scientific research is to substantiate sustainable economic growth of the grain subcom-plex of the region, based on its innovative development, a scientifically sound location and a specialization of grain and legume production. The analysis of the dynamics of grain production development using general and special research methods showed a steady growth to over 3 million tons. The positive dynamics of grain pro-duction is based on the intensification of its production with an increase in the average yield to 40 centners per 1 hectare per year. At the same time, a number of problems have emerged in the development of the grain subcomplex that affect its sustainability. These include: deepening of specialization of the region in wheat cul-tivation while significantly reducing the production of other grain and leguminous crops, low specific weight of food grains in the structure of gross yields of wheat, weak development of grain processing for flour and groats, lack of grain storage capacity with a production of more than 2 million tons. Special attention should be paid to the problems of decreasing purchase prices, especially for wheat, the increasing discrepancy between the prices of grain and the costs of agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, etc. In this regard, the implementation of a number of research, scientific and production, organizational and economic measures proposed in the article to overcome the existing problems and ensure sustainable economic growth of the grain subcomplex of the Penza region becomes relevant.
Keywords: grain, cereals and legumes, grain subcomplex, location, specialization, region.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.021
UDC 635.21:(470.40)

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF POTATO PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT IN THE PENZA REGION
I.Kh. Samandarzoda¹, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor,
E.V. Fudina², Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.N. Bekreneva², Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
E.V. Mayorkina², Lecturer
¹Tajik Agrarian University named after Shirinshoh Shotemur, Tajikistan, Dushanbe
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article gives an overview of the current state of potato production in the Penza region and its prospects under modern economic conditions. Planning and forecasting, as well as the dynamics of production development are impossible without a reliable study of this or that dynamics of the type of production under study. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of potato production development at the regional level. It examines the development of potato production in agricultural enterprises of all categories in general and in agricultural organizations, households and peasant farms of the Penza region in particular. The following research methods were used in the preparation of the article: monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical. The authors have identified and analyzed the main indicators influencing the volume of potato production in the region. Based on the analysis of the dynamic series, the forecast of gross potato yield for the future is given using a set of trend models. The analysis of the main indicators of potato production in the Penza region showed that the area under cultivation tends to decrease, reaching a minimum in 2022. The potato yield indicator has had unstable dynamics in recent years and amounted to 137 centners per hectare in 2022. The Penza region belongs to the areas where potato resources are mainly formed by local agricultural producers. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of potato production in the Penza region. The role of scientific research in improving the efficiency of potato farming in the region is determined.
Keywords: potato, cultivated land, gross yield, yield, dynamics indicators, trend models, forecast.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.020
UDC 635.07

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CROP PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
L.B. Vinnichek1 – Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor,
E.I. Pozubenkova2 – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.M. Guryanova2 – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Russia, Saint Petersburg, Pushkin
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, Penza
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article deals with the important issues of increasing the efficiency of crop production in Russia. Material is presented on the size of cultivated lands for different types of crops and separately for cereals and legumes, the volume of gross production and yield. Issues of reduction and expansion of crops in the context of individual types of crops have been discussed. The prospects for the development of crop production in the short and medium-term horizons, taking into account various factors such as state support for agricultural producers, the creation and maintenance of favorable conditions for attracting investors, the search for new markets, emphasizing the importance of state support to expand access to foreign markets are identified. As indicators of the efficiency of crop production, information is presented in actual prices, including per 100 hectares of agricultural land and 100 hectares of arable land. The main agricultural crops that bring consistently high profits to agricultural producers – oilseeds – have been identified. At the same time, many farmers are looking for more and more opportunities to develop and grow alternative crops. And legumes, including chickpea, are seen by many farmers as such priority crops. Legumes have a number of advantages, including being attractive due to their high demand and price. In addition, these crops have other positive characteristics.
Keywords: agriculture, crop production, state support, forecasting, cultivated land, crop yield, gross production, production efficiency.

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UDC 631.331.53
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.019

RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES OF A SEED DRILL WITH A DOUBLY CONCAVE ASYMMETRIC PROFILE OF THE FLUTES OF ROLLER OF THE SEEDING UNIT
P. A. Machneva, Student¹ P-11 NPM; A. V. Machnev², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; P. N. Khorev³, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,
M. A. Mazitov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia", Moscow, Russia,
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian Biotechnological University", Moscow, Russia,
³Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia,
tel. (937) 43-43-711, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

It is possible to sow crops correctly and within the specified time with mechanical or pneumatic seed drills. Both of them use the roller seeding units for accurate seed metering. However, the existing mechanical seeding units do not fully meet the quality requirements for the distribution of the seed on the field surface, i.e. in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the movement of the seeding unit, and also cause increased crushing of the seeds. The purpose of the study is therefore to improve the quality of sowing cereal crops with mechanical seeding unit. To achieve this, it was necessary to solve the following problems: to develop a mechanical seeding unit with a doubly concave asymmetric profile of the flutes of the roller of the seed drill, capable of improving the quality of sowing the cereal crops, to develop methods and techniques for researching the developed seeding unit, to preliminarily evaluate the use of the developed seeding unit with a doubly concave asymmetric profile of the flutes of the roller of the seed drill under field conditions. The authors studied the third and seventh regions of admission, considering the use of a universal seed drill. On this basis, it was decided to test the seed drill, which is equipped with a seeding unit with a doubly concave asymmetric profile of the flutes of the roller, on Ekada 214 soft spring wheat seeds under field conditions. The field studies of the basic and experimental seed drills were carried out at an average operating speed of 14.5 km/h. The seed sowing nonuniformity of the individual machines with a doubly concave asymmetric profile was +2.5%, compared to – 0.2 for the basic variant, and the seed crushing was 0.3 times lower. This led to an increase in crop yield of 5...7 %. The shaping of the surface of the flutes of a roller therefore leads to an increase in the quality of the sowing.
Keywords: seed drill, seed, regions of admission, regular sowing, grain crops, seeding unit, roller, doubly concave asymmetric profile of flutes of roller.

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