DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.009
UDC 633.63+631.82

PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES DEPENDING ON PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS
Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, Tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Annotation. This article presents materials on the improvement of pre-sowing preparation of soybean seeds with the help of microbiological fertilizers. The aspects of influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with microbiological fertilizers on the strength of growth, the timing of interphase periods, plant survival and grain yield are considered. The purpose of the research is to determine the role of pre–sowing seed treatment in the formation of grain yield in various soybean varieties using microbiological fertilizers. As a result, it was found that the initial changes in seed germination caused by microbiological fertilizers affect the duration of individual phases, the total vegetation period and plant survival, which determines the value of grain yield. It is shown that the highest grain yield of all soybean varieties is formed by inoculation of seeds with a mixture of microbiological preparations Azotovit + Phosphatovit. The Sculptor variety was characterized by a higher yield.
Keywords: soybean, variety, microbiological fertilizers, vegetation period, plant survival, grain yield.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.008
UDC 631.86

YIELD FORMATION OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE DOSES OF GRANULAR FERTILIZERS FROM TURKEY DROPPINGS AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
E.N. Katashov, Applicant;
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Galiullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents experimental data of research on the influence of various doses of granular fertilizers from turkey droppings on the formation of productivity of spring wheat, conducted in a separate subdivision educational-experimental farm "Ramzay" of Penza State Agrarian University (Penza region, Mokshansky district) in 2022-2023. The studied granular fertilizers were characterized by a nitrogen content of 4.0-4.5 %, a phosphorus content of 3.0-3.5 %, a potassium content of 4.0-4.5 % and an organic matter content of 40.0-42.0%. Research results show that spring application of granular fertilizer from droppings in doses of 500-2000 kg/ha reliably increased the number of grains in an ear and the weight of grains in an ear, resulting in a 12.6-36.7% increase in spring wheat grain yield. The use of seed inoculation and plant treatment at the tillering stage with the microbiological preparations "Azotovit" and "Fosfatovit" increased the efficiency of the applied granular fertilizer doses, while the grain yield of spring wheat increased by 22.5-55.5 % compared to the variant without fertilizers and by an average of 0.37 t/ha compared to the doses of droppings without microbiological fertilizers. As studies have shown, the investigated doses of droppings not only increase the grain yield of spring wheat, but also significantly improve its quality. The protein content increased by 0.67-1.49 %, the gluten content by 1.8-5.0 % and with the use of microbiological preparations these indicators increased by 0.99-1.94 % and 3.1-5.9 %, respectively.
Keywords: granular fertilizer from poultry droppings, microbiological preparation, spring wheat, yield structure, grain quality.

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UDC 633.15+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.007

THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR TOP DRESSING ON THE YIELD FORMATION AND QUALITY OF CORN.
S. A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.V. Gavryushina, PhD. Biol. sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Paliychuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University,
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In order to increase yields and improve the quality of corn biomass, it is important to search for resource-saving cultivation methods, including the use of biological fertilizers. The article presents the results of the studies conducted on leached heavy loamy chernozem of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region to study the formation of yield and quality of the green mass of corn, depending on the type of biological fertilizers used for processing vegetative plants. With non-root treatment with Azotovit, the crude mass of the plant increased by 8.0% relative to the control. In the same variant, a larger number of reproductive parts were formed, the increase in the control was 3.8%. Foliar treatment with Azotovit produced an additional 2.8 t/ha of crude biomass, which is 6.1% higher than in the control. In terms of dry biomass harvesting, the variants where crops were treated with Bioazot and Azotovit had the advantage, the increase in dry biomass was 0.4-0.9 t/ha or 2.1-4.5% to the control. Over the years of the experiment, the absolute increase in crude protein in dry biomass in the variants with Azotovit and BIOLAND amounted to 1.18-1.87% to the control. In the same variants, the availability of digestible protein per feed unit increased by 7.18-13.46 g. In terms of digestible protein harvesting, the variants where crops were treated with Bioazot and Azotovit had the advantage, the increase to the variant with water was 122 and 333 kg/ha or 13.3 and 36.3%, respectively. Non-root treatment with Phosphatovit and Bioazot led to a decrease in the energy supply of feed.
Keywords: corn, microbiological fertilizers, yield, protein, fat, metabolic energy

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.006
UDC 633.51 : 577.12

DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN VARIOUS COTTON VARIETIES UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
V.S. Kamburova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory; A.S. Imamkhodzhaeva¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory; I.B. Salakhutdinov¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory; Bazarov D.K.^1,2, Junior Research Associate;
Sh.Kh. Mamatkulova¹, Junior Research Associate; O.L. Isomiddinova¹, Junior Research Associate; E.A. Latypova³, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, tel. +998 99 846-41-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
³Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (9680) 32-19-80, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract. Soil salinization is one of the main problems of yield reduction in many crops, including cotton, in arid and semi-arid zones. At the same time, under conditions of salt stress in cotton, a change in the expression level of a number of genes determining both fiber development and yield, and cotton resistance to abiotic stresses is observed. However, currently there are no works on determining the level of gene expression in biotechnological cotton varieties under conditions of salinization. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to determine the level of gene expression in the biotechnological cotton variety Porlock-4 under model salt stress conditions. The results obtained showed that the expression level of almost all key genes, which determine fiber development and yield as well as the resistance of cotton to abiotic stress, decreased. The exceptions were the genes CYP707A (ABA 8'-hydroxylase) and LOX3.1 (linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase 3-1), the expression level of which increased. In addition, the results showed that the change in expression level was the most pronounced in the initial variety, Coker-312, while the variation in gene expression level in the variety Porlock-4 was the least. The analysis of the results indicates that the increased resistance of the Porlock-4 variety to salt stress is due to the activation of the phytohormone system (abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, auxins), the antioxidant system (enzymes and carotenoids), the increased synthesis of osmoprotectants (proline and water-soluble sugars) and unsaturated fatty acids. Higher yields and better fiber quality can be attributed to increased activity of the phytohormone system (abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, auxins) and photosynthesis, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism as well as the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides.
Keywords: cotton, salt stress, differential gene expression, phytohormones, antioxidant system, osmoprotectants.

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