UDC 633.367:636.085
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.018

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF DUCKS AND POULTRY PRODUCTIVITY AFTER ADDING BAROHYDROTHERMAL TREATED LUPINE IN THEIR DIET
Polyakova E.V.¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
Boryaev G.I.², Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Saraykin E.S.¹, postgraduate student,
Nosov A.V.¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
Balobanova N.P.², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, Tel. 628-151, e-mail This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Moscow University of Finance and Industry "Synergy"

Advanced feeding methods are used to maximize poultry productivity on an industrial scale. The use of genetically improved poultry crosses in combination with optimally balanced feeds makes it possible to achieve significant results in the production of poultry products. The main components supplying protein are soybean meal and fish meal, most of which are purchased abroad and are of satisfactory quality. Finding alternative protein sources can help overcome shortages and reduce dependence on imports.
One promising option is the white lupine. Its advantages include a high protein content, high yield potential, drought resistance and a small amount of fiber. As part of a scientific study aimed at reducing the level of anti-nutritional substances, lupine seeds were processed using the barohydrothermal method and enriched with yeast.
In a scientific study on ducks of the SK-6 cross, the effect of treated lupine seeds on productivity was studied. In the conditions of the Penza State Agrarian University vivarium, three groups of birds with 20 heads each were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues. The poultry of the control group received standard compound feed. For the poultry of the first experimental group, the standard compound feed was replaced with 25% treated lupine seeds, which make up the weight of soybean meal in the diet. The second experimental group received standard compound feed, in which part of the soybean meal (50%) was replaced with treated lupine seeds. As a result of adding treated lupine in the diet in the first experimental group, there was a significant increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum of ducks by 6.8% compared with the control. There was a tendency to increase in the live weight of ducks of the first experimental group by 4% compared with the control group. It has been established that the most optimal dose for introducing barohydrothermal treated lupine followed by yeast enrichment into the diet of ducks is 25% replacement of soybean meal with this type of feed mixture in the poultry diet. The results obtained indicate that the issue of expanding the feed raw material base for protein components requires continued research and a comprehensive approach, including the development of advanced technologies for treatment of lupine seeds, the selection of new crop varieties with a reduced content of alkaloids, as well as optimizing the formulation of feed, taking into account the specifics of all components used.
Keywords: lupine, barohydrothermal treatment, meat productivity, fattening ducks, yeast.

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UDC 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.021
DOI 633.11+556.3.06;519.237.5;528.88

FORECASTING WINTER WHEAT YIELD BASED ON AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND NDVI IN THE PENZA REGION
A.S. Shcherbakov, Senior Lecturer, S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
“Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia е–mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article deals with statistical correlation between winter wheat yield, meteoconditions, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to develop a methodological guide for forecasting yields and assessing winter wheat growing over time. The research is based on a nine–year data analysis (2015–2023) using statistical methods, including cluster and correlation–regression analysis. During the research 27 municipal districts of the Penza region were clustered, and then divided into four groups. Multiple linear regression equations with a determination coefficient (R²) ranging from 0.71 to 0.85 were done for each cluster. The model consists of five key variables, including precipitation at different growing seasons, thermal conditions, and max NDVI. Model verification showed the mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.7 c/ha and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 9.2%. The accuracy of the general yield forecasting model was 97.0% (error of 3.0%). The observed models made possible to forecast yields for 2024, with a range of 21.3 to 41.0 c/ha by the regional districts and the average yield of 31.9 c/ha for the region. The results of the current research can be used by agricultural authorities for forecasting and risk assessment in crop production.
Keywords: winter wheat, yield, forecasting, remote sensing, NDVI, regression model, cluster analysis, agroclimatic conditions.

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UDC 633.854:581.192:502.17
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.017

ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF GIANT MISCANTHUS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.A. Volodkin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Due to its high productivity and positive environmental impact, giant miscanthus is considered a sustainable and cost-efficient crop to replace traditional raw materials in the pulp and paper and bioenergy industries. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of giant miscanthus raw materials of different ages (planted in 2013 and 2017) to assess its potential as a component for use as raw material in bioenergy and the pulp and paper industry. A chemical analysis of raw materials grown on meadow-chernozem soil at the collection site of Penza State Agrarian University revealed a significant dependence of composition on plantation age and the morphological structure of the biomass. The highest cellulose content (54.6%) and lowest ash content (1.88%) were found in the stems of 12-year-old plants. In younger plantations (eighth year of vegetation), the cellulose content decreases (to 48.6%), while the lignin content increases. The presence of leaves has the most negative impact on raw material quality, causing a significant increase in ash content (up to 8.16%) and a decrease in cellulose content. To increase bioeconomy efficiency, the most rational method is to harvest miscanthus stems without leaves, which allows for obtaining more useful product and removing most unnecessary impurities. The study confirms the high potential of miscanthus as a renewable raw material for resource-efficient industries and the development of a green economy.
Keywords: giant miscanthus, cellulose, chemical composition, bioeconomics, lignin, ash content, non-wood raw materials, bioenergy, environmental advantage

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UDC 623.746.4 - 519
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.020

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN AGRICULTURE: LEGAL, TAX AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS
I.V. Pavlova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
O.V. Lavrina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
I.E. Shpagina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.V. Shirokova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (412) 62-81-33, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agriculture are capable of performing critical technological operations that reduce environmental damage, cash and labor costs, optimize agricultural processes and, as a result, increase operational efficiency. However, the use of unmanned aerial systems is currently associated with problems at legal, tax and accounting levels, that requires some more information and details clarified. The article deals with a reasonable justification for efficient impact of unmanned technologies on global agriculture, the reasons for their temporarily limited use in Russia, and prospects for the future. The classification of the UAVs and the accompanying operating procedures for each group of the UAVs were observed. Current research identified most common problems in legal regulation of the agricultural UAVs use along with their interpretation in the Experimental legal regime program and further implementation into practice. The research also observed tax and accounting aspects towards the use of unmanned aerial systems. Efficient measures were proposed to solve several problems connected with the UAV practical use in agriculture.
Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle, max take-off weight, state registration, legal registration, aviation regulations, flight safety, accounting system, taxable object.

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