UDC 633.174:631.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.010

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTIVITY IN LIGHT CHESTNUT SOIL SUBZONE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
M.I. Rokotyansky¹, postgraduate; A.N. Sarychev¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
O.V. Reznikova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
S.N. Zhakova², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Volgograd State Agricultural University Volgograd, Russia, tel. 8(8442) 41-12-22, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov
Perm, Russia, tel. 8(342) 217-94-35, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The Volga-Don interfluve is a developed agricultural region, however, it is considered a dryland region, as the limiting factor here is availability of moisture. Efficient agricultural production is possible by introducing drought-resistant crops into crop rotation, e.g. grain sorghum, which has great potential for this region.
The research was carried out at Volgograd State Agricultural University's experimental plot in the Faculty of Agricultural Biotechnology to improve the cultivation technology of sorghum hybrids Bianka, Albanus, and Ataman. Field experiments were laid in the light chestnut soil subzone according to the VIR (Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry) methods and the methods of State variety testing of agricultural crops.
It was observed that the length of the growing season of the examined hybrids was directly dependent on meteorological conditions and the method of applying organomineral fertilizers. The length of the growing season varied from 116 to 135 days.
Growth regulators used for seed treatment increased their germination. Fertigrain Start Plus demonstrated the best results. The Bianka hybrid also had the highest seed germination rate of 88.7%.
Double foliar treatment of sorghum crops ensure better survival until full maturity. The use of seed foliar treatment resulted in the highest survival rates, ranging from 81.1% to 89.4%, depending on the hybrid. Separate treatment was less effective, ranging from 77.7% to 88.7%. Varieties without any treatment had the lowest survival rates, at 76.1%.
Grain sorghum yield is determined by a number of factors: the hybrid's biological characteristics, the use of growth regulators and organomineral fertilizers, and weather conditions. It was noticed that the combined use of Fertigrain could help farmers to achieve high yields. The average grain yield over three years for the Ataman hybrid was 1.91 t/ha, for the Bianka hybrid – 1.98 t/ha, and for the Albanus hybrid – 1.84 t/ha.
Keywords: grain sorghum, light chestnut soils, growth regulator, organomineral fertilizer, potassium humate.

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UDC 575.167:633.853.59:631.527.51:001.891.55
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.003

PCA BIPLOT AND STRESS INDICES FOR ANALYZING DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF INTERSPECIFIC RIL POPULATION
R.I. Mukhammadaliyev, Doctoral Student; A.Kh. Makamov (PhD), Head of Laboratory;
I.S. Normatov, Junior Researcher; U.A. Boykobilov, Junior Researcher;
N.N. Khusenov (PhD), Head of Laboratory; Zh.K. Norbekov (PhD), Senior Researcher;
A.B. Mamazhanov, Junior Researcher; M. M. Kholmuradova, Junior Researcher;
A. S. Imamkhodzhaeva (PhD), Head of Laboratory, Z.T. Buriev, Director
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics. Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Current research deals with the drought resisitance of 80 RIL (recombinant inbred lines) cotton samples of the Gossypium tomentosum × G. mustelinum hybrid. Tests were carried out under optimal and simulated drought conditions, and fiber length, fiber yield (%), and thousand-seed weight were assessed using stress indices and principal component analysis (PCA Biplot). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the control and stress conditions. Genetic differences between the RIL lines were also observed. Based on the STI, SSI, and TOL indices, the following lines: RIL-67 (STI_FL = 1.14; SSI_FL = –5.25; TOL_FL = –4.33), RIL-34 (STI_LP = 1.10; TOL_LP = –0.35), and RIL-25 (SSI_SW = –2.94; TOL_SW = –3.12) were assessed as highly drought-resistant. The RIL-46, RIL-48, and RIL-60 lines showed stable yield under all conditions, low TOL (≤ ±1.0), and moderate STI. In contrast, lines such as RIL-06 (STI_FL = 0.86; SSI_FL = 5.11; TOL_FL = 4.87), RIL-58 (STI_SW = 0.81; SSI_SW = 8.19; TOL_SW = 20.52), and RIL-13 (STI_LP = 0.96; TOL_LP = 1.45) had a high level of stress sensitivity with negative effects detected. Principal component analysis (PCA Biplot) was used to explain 58.5% of the total variance based on the first two components and allowed to combine the lines according to their yield and stress response. Based on the research results, examined RIL lines were divided into three groups against their response to drought: tolerant (RIL-67, RIL-34, RIL-25), stable (RIL-46, RIL-48, RIL-60), and sensitive (RIL-06, RIL-58, RIL-13). These lines could be selected as promising samples for breeding programs.
Keywords: Gossypium tomentosum, Gossypium mustelinum, RIL, control conditions, drought resistance, PCA Biplot, stress indices.

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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.008

SOWING QUALITIES AND YIELD PROPERTIES OF SOYBEANS DEPENDING ON PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article presents the results of a study on the development of sowing qualities and yield properties of soybean seeds depending on pre-sowing treatment with microbiological fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to justify the use of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds through inoculation with microbiological fertilizers and to identify an inoculant that ensures high sowing qualities and yield properties under local soil and climatic conditions. The data presented indicate that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microbiological preparations has an impact on the preservation and survival of plants. When evaluating various pre-sowing seed treatment options, it was found that a more stable agrocenosis formed in the variant where inoculation was carried out with a mixture of Azotovit (2 l/t) and Fosfatovit (2 l/t) microbiological fertilizers. As a result, it was found that pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with Azotovit and Fosfatovit microbiological fertilizers promotes the formation of offspring with a higher 1000-seed weight and germination energy by mother plants, but does not affect the yield properties of seeds. It was shown that when soybean seeds were inoculated with a mixture of Azotovit and Fosfatovit, a synergistic effect was observed, expressed in higher indicators of 1000-seed weight formation by mother plants, germination energy, and yield properties in the subsequent generation of seeds.
Keywords: variety, soybean, sowing qualities, yield properties, seeds, plant survival, plant preservation.

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UDC 631.452+631.445.41+631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.007

CHANGES IN THE FERTILITY OF MEADOW-CHERNOZEM SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOIL IMPROVER “POCHVOULUCHITEL” AND FERTILIZERS
I.S. Semenov, postgraduate student; E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.N. Arefyev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.E. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The aim of the research was to study the effect of various doses of the soil improver “Pochvouluchitel” and their combinations with mineral and organic fertilizers on the fertility of meadow-chernozem soil and the productivity of agricultural crops in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. Studies have shown that the use of the soil improver “Pochvouluchitel” and the recommended manure dose (8 t/ha of dry matter) provided enhanced reproduction of humus in the arable layer of meadow-chernozem soil. The humus content in the arable layer increased by 0.14-0.22% compared to the control in the winter wheat agrocenosis and by 0.22-0.29% in the corn agrocenosis. The most significant positive effect on the restoration of the water-resistant macrostructure of the soil was provided by the joint application of the soil improver “Pochvouluchitel” at the rates of 750 and 1000 l/ha with cattle manure. The content of water-resistant aggregates varied from 59.3 to 60.5% at the end of the research (2024). The increase in relation to the control variant was significant and amounted to 26.6-27.8%. The structural condition of these variants was assessed as good. The use of the soil improver “Pochvouluchitel” together with cattle manure had the highest effect on reduction of hydrolytic acidity. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil absorbing complex in these variants was lower than the initial value in 2024 by 0.10-0.20 mg-eq/100 g of soil. The deviation from the control variant was significant and ranged from 0.11 to 0.22 mg-eq/100 g of soil. The maximum total crop productivity of the crop rotation link was marked while using of the soil improver “Pochvouluchitel” at the rate of 750 and 1000 l/ha in combination with manure and complete mineral fertilizer.
Keywords: meadow-chernozem soil, soil improver “Pochvouluchitel”, fertilizer, humus, water-resistant aggregates, hydrolytic acidity, plant productivity.

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