UDC 629. 113. 003, 621.85
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.002

ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYDRAULIC UNITS USING AN ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL ADAPTER
N.I. Sergeev, postgraduate student; A.S. Ivanov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.V. Lyandenbursky, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor,
G.S. Tsiganov student, M.V. Bikmaev student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 65-82-42; е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Russia

Hydraulic systems are an integral part of many technical objects, including agricultural tractors. To increase the efficiency of complex and expensive technical systems, which include hydraulic drives, it is necessary not only to improve the design, but also to ensure the required pressure parameters in the circuits of these systems [1-5, 8], which depend on the elasticity modulus of the fluid used.
When developing working machines, this can be achieved by expanding theoretical analysis to obtain the most accurate information about the technical condition of hydraulic drives, which will make it possible to control their technical condition using forecasting methods and timely elimination of failures and malfunctions.
This will lead to an increase in the technical readiness of the equipment, due to a reduction in repair work related to the assembly and disassembly of hydraulic drive elements from the machine.
The applied analog and mathematical models should provide a standard error in determining the parameter with the possibility of subsequent processing and analysis of the results, transfer functions of individual processes [7, 9-11].
The article describes an analog-to-digital adapter and a program for measuring pressure in vehicle hydraulic circuits to assess changes in high- and low-pressure circuits. The results of theoretical studies are presented, showing an increase in pressure in the high-pressure circuit, which occurs due to wear of the piston seal of the hydraulic cylinder and leakage of the working fluid from the high-pressure cavity into the low-pressure cavity.
Keywords: hydraulic drive, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic valves, spool, circuit, pressure, analog-to-digital adapter.

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UDC 633.34; 631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.009

NET PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND FORMATION DYNAMICS WITHIN HERBICIDES AND FERTILIZERS APPLICATION
M.A. Magomadov¹, Junior Researcher
M.Sh. Gaplaev¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
A.Kh. Kozyrev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture”, Chechen Republic, Grozny
²Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasus Institute of Scientifically Research of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture” – branch of the Federal Scientific Center “Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Mikhailovskoye village, tel.: 8 (918) 7050330, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Scientific interest in soybeans and their use in food, feed and industrial spheres is high nowadays because of their unique nutritional properties. The research deals with the development of new approaches to weed control for high-yielding soybean varieties. The objective of the current research was to identify the influence of mineral balance and various herbicides on the net photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops. Methods: research was carried out from 2022 to 2024 at Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. The soils are represented by leached chernozem of medium thickness: humus content of 3.9%, available phosphorus of 76-80 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium of 88-91 mg/kg, and soil solution pH of 6.9. The objects of the research were soybean varieties Amadeus, SG SR Pikor, and Smuglyanka, as well as the herbicides Gambit, Hermes, and Bambu. Results: it was found that the highest rates of net photosynthetic productivity were in the initial stages of plant vegetation. Within the flowering phase and further development, when active formation of photosynthetic organs occurred, a gradual decrease in this indicator was observed. At the final stage of the vegetation cycle, a significant decrease in photosynthesis efficiency was noticed. With application of a mineral fertilizer P90 K60, the net productivity of soybean photosynthetic increased at all times of determination. Thus, against unfertilized variant Gambit-3.2 + Hermes-0.9, variety SG SR Pikor, it was 2.80 g/m²×day, and against a mineral fertilizer P90 K60 – 3.18 g/m²×day. Conclusion: herbicides application led to an increase in the net productivity of soybean photosynthetic. High NPV were observed at the beginning of the growing season with the maximum value within the budding-early flowering phase. With mineral fertilizer (P90 K60) application, NPV increased at all measurement times. Among the soybean varieties, the Smuglyanka variety demonstrated the highest NPV.
Keywords: soybeans, varieties, herbicides, mineral background, net photosynthetic productivity.

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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.006

EVALUATION OF NEW PEA BREEDING LINES PRODUCTIVITY
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; R.M. Bakaldin, postgraduate;
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
O.M. Kasynkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article deals with the evaluation of new pea breeding lines. Current research is relevant because of less plant protein production. Peas, with a high protein content and an optimal amino acid balance, could help to solve that problem. The research is devoted to a comprehensive assessment of new pea lines productivity to identify the best varieties for further breeding. As a result, after evaluating the new lines across two generations, 19 lines were identified based on the number of beans per plant, forming from 8 to 9 beans; 18 lines – based on the number of seeds per plant, forming from 41 to 50 seeds; 15 lines – based on the number of seeds per plant, yielding between 6.5 and 8.5 g. The PP-104, PP-156, and PP-167 lines were observed as most valuable for breeding with high productivity. Selected most pea productive lines are intended to use in testing nurseries to develop new high-yielding pea varieties.
Keywords: pea breeding, productivity, beans, seeds, selection, lines.

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UDC 636.2.087.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.004

CORRECTION OF KEY PARAMETERS OF RUMINAL DIGESTA IN HIGH-YIELDING COWS USING BUFFER ADDITIVES WITH PROBIOTIC YEAST
D. M. Fertikova, Postgraduate; E.M. Kislyakova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Udmurt State Agricultural University",
Izhevsk, the Udmurt Republic, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Today, high milk productivity in cows can be achieved only by using large amounts of concentrated feed in their diets. The peak milking period is the most physiologically stressful time for the animals. The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of using Saccharomycetes and Kluyveromyces yeast in buffer additives for cows. The research was conducted at "Voskhod" AO in the Sharkan district of the Udmurt Republic on Holstein cows. For the study, animals were selected into groups using the pair-analog method. During the study period, the organoleptic parameters of ruminal digesta indicated signs of subclinical ruminal acidosis in the cows. After 30 days of using buffer additives with probiotic yeast in the cows' diets, a positive outcome was observed: in the experimental groups, the consistency of the ruminal digesta was slightly viscous, and no animals had watery consistency. In the control group, the number of cows with watery consistency remained unchanged. A positive trend was also observed in terms of smell. The effectiveness of using buffer additives with probiotic yeast in cow diets as a preventive measure against ruminal acidosis is further confirmed by changes in the background indicators of ruminal digesta: stabilization of ruminal fluid acidity and an increase in the number of ciliates with preservation of their functional activity were observed. The best effect was achieved when a buffer additive with Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast was used. A significant (P ≥ 0.95) increase in the number of ciliates in the ruminal fluid was observed, by 199,000 per 1 ml, or 20.9%.
Keywords: ruminal digesta, acidosis, buffer additives, probiotics, yeast, prevention.

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