UDC 631.531.027
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.012

LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE SS-0.5 SCARIFIER FOR THE PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF PERENNIAL HERBACEOUS LEGUME SEEDS
S.A. Kshnikatkin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
P.G. Alenin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.S. Kalyaev¹, Postgraduate;
I.A. Voronova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
D.A. Sumenkova1, Student; Yu.I. Kurmashev¹, Student, I.V. Lyubavin1, Student; I.R. Aisin¹, Student;
V.V. Konovalov², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia

The cultivation of non-traditional fodder crops is one of the foundations for creating a fodder base for livestock breeding, because increasing the proportion of high-quality fodder produced on the basis of non-traditional perennial herbaceous legumes makes it possible to provide animals with proteins and the necessary mineral components, and this, in turn, makes it possible to solve the problem of providing the population with environmentally friendly livestock products. The article presents the design and principle of operation of the SS-0.5 scarifier designed for pre-sowing preparation of seeds of perennial herbaceous legumes. Its technological scheme is based on the following technical solutions: a scarifier contains a loading hopper, a body whose inner surface is covered with abrasive, and in the lower part there are bag holders. The body has the shape of a cylinder and a scarifying element in the form of a flat disk coated with abrasive is permanently installed in it under the rotating working disk. Under the hopper on the drive shaft there is a rotating working unit in the form of a vertically mounted cylinder, in the lower part of which there are four evenly arranged distributors in the form of tubes with a rectangular cross-section. The studies of the scarifier with disk-shaped working bodies were carried out using the multifactorial experiment design technique. The paper presents a second-order full-factor model and graphical dependencies of two-dimensional sections of the model of the influence of factors on the number of treated seeds after scarification depending on the design parameters of the scarifier (rotation frequency of the working body, number of distributors). The best indicator of the number of treated seeds after scarification 96.7 % corresponds to the rotation frequency of the working body 1000...1100 min-1 with four distributors, which corresponds to the agrotechnical requirements.
The purpose of the study is to increase the germination of seeds of perennial herbaceous legumes with a hard shell by using the seed scarifier with the disk working body.
Keywords: fodder, perennial, herbaceous legumes, non-traditional, eastern galega, hard shell, seeds, scarifier, scarification, disk, rotating working unit, distributors, supply, completeness of scarification, germination.

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UDC 631.52
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.019

INVESTIGATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PLASTICITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN LOWLAND
A.E. Talyshkina¹, Postgraduate, V.A. Shlyakhov¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,
O.A. Tkachuk², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tatishchev Astrakhan State University",
Astrakhan, Russia, tel. 8(8512)24-66-52, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia

The article is devoted to the complex analysis of the environmental plasticity of spring barley varieties in the conditions of the arid climate of the northern Caspian Lowland, where global warming and the increasing frequency of droughts pose significant risks to agriculture. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptation potential of eight barley varieties under the conditions of a special rice crop rotation and in fish pond plots. The field experiments were conducted in the Kamyzyaksky district of Astrakhan region in the period from 2019 to 2023.
The research results showed the dominant influence of weather conditions on yield with a share of 56-59%. The highest productivity was shown by the Vakula variety: in the rice crop rotation, its yield was 4.61 t/ha and in the pond area – 4.49 t/ha. This variety also showed high stability (Sd² = 0.66-0.84) and adaptability (bi = 1.07-1.16), which makes it promising for use in arid regions. Despite its high plasticity (bi = 2.21), the variety Format was the least stable (Sd² = 1.50) and dependent on intensive agrotechnics. The varieties Fedos and Eney UA showed moderate productivity but high stress tolerance.
The proposed approaches contribute to the expansion of barley cultivation area, stabilization of yields and reduction of losses under conditions of increasing climatic changes.
Keywords: barley, variety, arid climate, crop rotation, yield, environmental plasticity.

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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.015

ASSESSMENT AND BREEDING OF PARENTAL PEA PLANTS
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,
R.M. Bakaldin, postgraduate, I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”,
tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Current research is devoted to pre-selection of parental pea plants. Assessment of pea plants was carried out according to the main quantitative options in the frame of the plant productivity. The following indicators were evaluated: “number of beans per plant”, “the number of seeds per plant” and “pure mass of seeds per plant”. Only samples with positive standard deviation from the mean value were selected for further breeding. The research is aimed at selection of parental pea plants by the main quantitative options, based on the established criteria using variation statistics methods. Assessment of parent pea plants from the hybrid population F5 by the main quantitative options made it possible to select samples with the criteria: by the number of beans per plant –145 samples or 59% of the total sample; number of seeds per plant – 56 samples or 23% from the total sample; by weight of seeds per plant – 107 samples or 44% from the total sample. The most efficient samples for breeding were PP-72, PP-15, PP-3, PP-4, PP-173, PP-197 with high values for all quantitative options examined. These pea plants represent transgressive forms and account for 2.5% of the total sample. The selected parent pea plants are recommended to use in further researches for obtaining new lines in pea breeding.
Keywords: pea, selection, quantitative options, parental plants, productivity.

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UDC 633.844.2
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.014

PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE MUSTARD IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT VARIOUS SEEDING RATES
S.S. Korolev, postgraduate;
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

White mustard growing expands the range of oilseed crops for agricultural enterprises with the opportunity to reach economic goals. In order to increase the sowing area and productivity of mustard seeds, it is necessary to select the varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region forest-steppe zone and to determine their efficient seeding rate. The research was carried out on the meadow-chernozem soils at the experimental plot of Penza State Agrarian University. Three white mustard varieties (Sinapis Alba L.) were examined: Lyutsiya (control), Bella and Omega with seeding rates of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 (control), 2.5 and 3.0 million viable seeds per hectare. The seed germination rate was determined by the moisturizing degree in the seed layer of the soil, which did not depend on the number of sown seeds and was at the level of 79.0-79.4%. It was highest in the Bella and Lyutsiya varieties. The survival rate of plants varied between 72.9-75.0%., their quantity before harvesting was 118.3-145.4 pcs/m2. This number of plants is formed when sowing seeds of 2.0 and 2.5 million pcs/ha. For the Bella variety, the quantity was 123.0-150.6 pcs/m2, for the Lyutsiya and Omega varieties it decreased to 115.0-143.9 pcs/m2. The Bella variety plants branched more intensively. With an increase in stem density, their branching decreased from 8.3 to 4.9 pcs. With increasing plant density, the weight of 1000 pcs. decreased from 5.93 to 5.02 g. The most productive was the Bella variety with 1.92 t/ha, the Lyutsiya variety was lower only at 0.28 t/ha in comparison. The Omega variety was characterized by low seed productivity (1.36 t/ha). Depending on the seeding rate, the seed yield varied from 1.30 to 1.87 t/ha, and the highest was formed at seeding rates of 2.0-2.5 million.
Keywords: white mustard, variety, seeding rate, weather conditions, seed germination, safety, survival, seed productivity.

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