UDC 633.491: 631.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.006

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF FARN POTATO VARIETY IN DIFFERENT SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA
L.P. Ikoeva¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher,
O.E. Khaeva², Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture – the Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science (SKNIIGPSKh VSC RAS), North Ossetia-Alania, Mikhailovskoe village, 1 Williams Street, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²North Ossetia State University (NOSU), Vladikavkaz, Russia

In the southern regions of Russia, potato cultivation in the mountainous zone is widely spread to improve seed qualities, as well as to carry out breeding. The purpose of the current research is to study the photosynthetic productivity of the Farn potato variety in different soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The scientific research was carried out from 2021 to 2023 in the experimental plots of SKNIIGPSKh VSC RAS, located in the subalpine belt of the Dargavskaya Basin and in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The experiments were laid out according to the predecessor – corn for fodder. The object of the research was the Farn potato variety of local selection from the Gorsky State Agrarian University. The technology of potato cultivation in the experiments corresponded to that adopted in these agrozones. The climate of the subalpine zone (1450 m above sea level, Dargavs village) is mild, moderately continental, characterized by a shortened growing season, moderate precipitation, but higher air humidity in the summer months compared to the climate of the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (590 m above sea level, Mikhailovskoye village). The field experiment, analysis and systematization of the obtained results were organized in accordance with generally accepted methods. Changes in the dynamics of physiological processes in the Farn potato variety under subalpine nature and climatic conditions significantly affected the accumulation of total dry matter in different phases of its growth and, in general, the total yield. The leaf surface area in the first three vegetation phases was higher in the subalpine zone and amounted to 30-32 thousand m2/ha in the budding phase, and an average of 40.3 thousand m2/ha in the flowering phase. In the foothill zone, the leaf area reached an average of 39.8 thousand m2/ha only by the phase of beginning of the tops dying off. The photosynthetic productivity index in the mountain zone reached 2.5 million m2/ha, in the foothill zone – 1.3 million m2/ha. At the same time, the net productivity of photosynthesis in all phases of vegetation was lower in the subalpine zone by 0.90 g/m2day than in the foothill zone, which accordingly affected the yield – 20.6 t/ha (less by 5.9 t/ha), but with better quality indicators of tubers.
Keywords: potato, variety, climate, yield, starch, dry matter, photosynthesis, growth, phase, harvesting

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UDC 336.671
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.016

FINANCIAL RESULT AS A SOURCE FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ACTIVITY OF A BUSINESS ENTITY
M.A. Polyakova, Candidate of Economic Sciences;
A.V. Nosov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
S.N. Alekseeva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education"Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. (909) 316 27 88, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The financial result of a business entity is the monetary form of the economic result of its financial and economic activities over a certain period of time and is formed on the basis of its income and expenses. The financial results are fully reflected in the accounting reports, which serve as the basis for the analysis and calculation of financial ratios characterizing the success of the enterprise through effective management of the financial results. The relevance of the research topic is presented in the effective and efficient activities of business entities with positive dynamics of financial results. Business entities (regardless of whether they are large or small, private or state-owned) that regularly monitor their financial results are in a more advantageous position on the production market, i.e., they are competitive and financially stable. The authors have defined an algorithm for analyzing the financial results of an enterprise that allows a comprehensive examination of the impact of factors on the financial position, profitability, liquidity and solvency of a business entity.
Keywords: financial results, analysis, accounting liquidity, profit margin, gross profit, revenue.

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UDC 637.024+027
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.021

RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS ON A BUTTER PRESS WITH A SCREW WITH LINEARLY DECREASING INTER-TURN VOLUME
M.V. Polikanov, Postgraduate; M.V. Kochneva, Student;
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. +79273718189 e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article describes the results of experimental studies to determine the energy consumption in the refining of butter granules to butter and the optimal design and kinematic parameters of a butter press with a screw with linearly decreasing inter-turn volume. For the experimental study, a design matrix was selected that approximates a D-optimal plan for a three-factor experiment. Mathematical processing of the results was performed using the computer programs Statistica v 13.3, MathCAD v 15.0 and Microsoft Excel on a PC. As a result of experimental studies under laboratory conditions on energy consumption during refining of butter granules into butter by the butter press with the screw with linearly decreasing inter-turn volume, the optimal (rational) design and kinematic parameters were determined: screw rotation frequency – 10.457 (10.5) min-1, screw shaft taper – 0.01473 (0.015), screw casing inclination angle – 9.66 (10) degrees. The energy consumption during refining of butter granules into butter by the butter press with the screw with linearly decreasing inter-turn volume is 3.436 (3.463) W·h/kg with optimal (rational) parameters. In this case, the range of variation of energy consumption values obtained by experimental studies in laboratory conditions at optimal and refined rational values is less than 1% and does not exceed 5% compared to the results of theoretical studies.
Keywords: butter press, screw, inter-turn volume, rotation frequency, screw shaft taper, screw casing inclination angle, energy consumption.

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UDC 631.33.022.6
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.020

SOME RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES ON THE SEED METERING UNIT OF THE SEED DRILL EQUIPPED WITH A TWO-SECTION HELICAL ROLLER WITH A PARTITION DISK FOR SOWING SOYBEANS
N. P. Laryushin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
K.V. Osipov, Postgraduate; A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

From the analysis of the designs and technological schemes of promising seed metering systems used in domestic and foreign machines, it can be concluded that when sowing soybeans of the "Sireliya" variety, the most significant indicator of the quality of their work is the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the sown area (coefficient of variation), an indicator that can be achieved in accordance with agrotechnical requirements by using seed metering devices with sectional rollers. They have a number of advantages over other designs of metering devices, such as ease of manufacture, reduction of instability, but also crushing of the sown seed, easy adjustment of the seed rate, but in operation they do not always meet the agrotechnical requirements for the quality indicators of sowing. The necessary qualitative indicators for sowing soybeans of the "Sireliya" variety that meet agrotechnical requirements were determined during the study of the seed drill using experimental seed metering devices under field conditions. The seed metering units were equipped with two-section helical rollers with partition disks. The progression working speed of the planting unit was between 7.1...10.3 km/h.
Keywords: developed seed metering unit, two-section roller, soybeans, seeds, flutes, partition disc.

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