UDC 621.43.068
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.013

DESIGN OF SIMULATING EXHAUST SYSTEM MODULE FOR KAMAZ DIESEL VEHICLES
A.A. Nikulin, postgraduate; A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
I.A. Spitsyn, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
“Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia
tel.: +7 (904) 266-18-55, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

An important task while operating motor vehicles is to maintain the necessary oil temperature in its units, where various heating techniques and modules are used. Recently, researchers observe the heat capacity from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines (ICE). The use of the ICE for researches on necessary design parameters of oil heating systems is quite expensive. Current research deals with the design of the simulating exhaust system module for the KamAZ vehicles with forming a gas flow at a temperature close to the temperature of the ICE exhaust gases. The simulating module provides imitation of the engine operations in idle mode (engine crankshaft speed n = 800 min-1). The main units and parts of the simulating module are the fuel tank, fuel pump, injector, ignition system, supply fan, combustion chamber, intake pipe, thermocouple, electronic converter with digital display and muffler. It was found that the temperature of gases at the combustion chamber outlet of the simulating module with the fuel pump pressure of 0.35 MPa and an air flow rate of the supply fan of 6.5 m/s, is in the range of 420±15 ℃ and corresponds to the temperature of the exhaust gases in the KamAZ 740 engine. The results of the current research proved the efficiency of the designed simulating module in exploring oil heating systems in transmission units.
Keywords: temperature, gases, sensor, injector, drive axle, pressure, air flow, fan, heat exchanger.

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UDC 636.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.005

MILK QUALITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS AFTER POST-MILKING UDDER DISINFECTION
K.A. Lekomtsev, Postgraduate, G.Yu. Berezkina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
K.E. Shkarupa, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution higher education “Udmurt State Agrarian University”, Izhevsk, Russia tel.89127693432, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The study of disinfection impact on post-milking udder treatment should be carefully analyzed, since veterinary, zootechnical and economic indicators of dairy production industry depend on it. The current research is aimed at evaluating milk quality indicators of Holstein cows after post-milking teat disinfection. For the research the scientists examined cows of the Holstein breed for adder treatment. Cattle was divided into three groups of 45 heads: control group – Violit lactic acid-based disinfectors were used for their udder treatment; group I with Algalit iodine-based disinfectors treatment and group II with Priolit polyguanidine-based disinfectors. Milk samples were collected during the control milking after disinfectors on days 30, 60 and 90. The udder condition was assessed visually. Standard methods were implemented to determine the physicochemical and microbiological indicators of milk quality. Bacterial contamination of milk on the farm during the year was at a level of 0.92 to 0.11 × 105 CFU/cm3, somatic cells in cows' milk were at a level of 2.01 to 3.10 × 105. Significant changes in the physicochemical indicators of milk quality were not found. After three months of udder treatment with disinfectors: control group (Violit) – 1 cow with clinical mastitis, group I (Algalit) – 100% healthy cows, group II (Priolite) – 2 cows with subclinical mastitis. When using all the means for udder treatment with disinfectors, the teats condition was improved.
Keywords: Holstein cows, udder treatment disinfectors Violet, Algalit, Priolit, milk quality, mastitis prevention.

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UDC 633.858.52(470.65)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.009

SYMBIOTIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES WITH PHOSPHORUS-POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS APPLICATION
Tedeeva V.V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher,
Tedeeva A.A., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher
North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture – the Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science 363110, North Ossetia-Alania, Mikhailovskoe village, 1 Williams Street. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The research was aimed at assessing the effect of different doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on production process of new efficient soybean varieties, and their symbiotic productivity in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the lands belonging to the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prigorodny district, Mikhailovskoye village. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem. Observations were recorded according to the training and methodological handbook for researches in agronomy, Grozny 2012. The objects of the research were soybean varieties: Iriston – locally selected at LLC Research Institute “IRAGRO”; Frost and Lira – selected at FSBSU FSC VNIIMK, Krasnodar. During the research, it was found that the greatest number of nodules were formed on the Iriston soybean variety. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers application increased the number of nodules on all experimental soybean varieties. For the Iriston soybean variety, the mass of nodules was lower with an increase in the rates of applied fertilizers; the largest nodules were formed in the experimental variant with phosphorus application at a rate of 135 kg/ha. Among examined varieties the most productive was the Iriston variety with the yield of 2.72 t/ha, for the Inei variety – 2.16 t/ha, and for the Lira variety – 2.40 t/ha. The yield of the Iriston soybean variety exceeded the Inei variety by 0.56 t/ha, and the Lira variety by 0.32 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers to soybean crops improved symbiotic activity and productivity, increased the amount of fixed nitrogen and, ultimately, the yield. The most efficient indicators were noted for the locally selected Iriston soybean variety with the application of P90 K90 + P60.
Keywords: soybean, variety, symbiotic productivity, forest-steppe zone, mineral fertilizers, general symbiosis, active symbiosis, yield.

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UDC 631.33
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.017

METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR IMPROVING DEGRADED MOUNTAIN MEADOWS AND PASTURES
L. R. Gulueva, Research Officer
North-Caucasian Research Institute of Hill and Foot-hill Agriculture – branch of Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of Federal Research Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS",
Mikhaylovskoye, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The author presents the results of research and development and a new device for restoring mountain meadows and pastures. It was found that there is a lack of small, maneuverable equipment for the treatment of small-scale degraded mountain areas with the method of supplementary sowing of grass seeds in mountainous terrain. The purpose of the study is to identify techniques and equipment for mountain areas that improve the productivity and yield of meadows and pastures. Specially developed small mechanization devices installed on a maneuverable Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor is used. This method and equipment are used for surface sowing of grass seeds and slit cutting in barren mountain areas with low yields. The object of the study is the design parameters of the device and the possibilities for increasing the yield of perennial grasses on fodder-producing area after its use. The following was evaluated: the effect of the presented technology for improvement by technical means on the changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the vegetation cover. The experiments were carried out in the village of Dargavs in North Ossetia at the research facility of the North-Caucasian Research Institute of Hill and Foot-hill Agriculture. The methodology of the equipment tests was carried out in accordance with GOST 31345-2017 "Agricultural machinery. Tractor seeders. Test methods".
The surface application of grass seeds was carried out in accordance with the application standards. It was found that the laboratory sample of the device meets the agrotechnical requirements and technical specifications, the grass yield has increased by 90-170% in different areas, and the botanical composition of the grass has changed, which has contributed to the improvement of fodder quality.
Keywords: grass mixtures, meadows, pastures, aggregate, mountains, slopes, mini tractor.

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