UDC 633.63:631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.011

SOME RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS OF THE SPD-5.6 ROW CROP DISC SEEDER ON THE STUBBLE BACKGROUND
M.A. Terekhin¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Engineer;
M.A. Semaev¹, Leading Design Engineer; A.A. Tykushin1, Head of the Design Department for civil products;
A.V. Yashin², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.A. Ovtov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹AO "Radiozavod" (JSC), Penza;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The state program of the Russian Federation "Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food" and the "Strategy for the development of the agro-industrial and fishery complex of the Russian Federation until 2030" provide for the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex. Without this modernization, it is impossible to ensure full import substitution with competitive products, given the equipment currently in use. In a significant number of farms, row crops are grown using technologies that involve intensive tillage. The Russian market offers a comprehensive range of machines for this row crop cultivation technique, including pneumatic row crop seeders equipped with runner-type and double-disc openers. However, in order to reduce the material and labor costs of intensive tillage and increase the profitability of sunflower and corn production, farms often sow row crop seed in the prepared field where there is a sufficient amount of unplanted crop residue. Therefore, for sowing row crops on a minimally prepared field, it is necessary to equip the universal row crop sowing seeders used with additional working bodies – disc coulters and rotary row cleaners. In the conditions of the farm "Nesterov N.I.", Kolyshleysky district of the Penza region, the designers of "Radiozavod" AO (JSC), Penza, have developed and tested working bodies for the SPD-5,6 disc seeder for sowing row crops on the stubble background remaining after harvesting winter wheat with straw crushing and its distribution on the field surface. The results of the tests carried out show that equipping the sowing sections of the SPD-5,6 row crop disc seeders with disc coulters and rotary row cleaners of the developed design with optimal values of the setting parameters allows sowing row crops with less effective tillage, which significantly saves material and labor resources.
Keywords: row-crop disc seeder SPD-5,6, minimal tillage, rotary row cleaner, disc colter, stubble, crop residues, efficiency.

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UDC 633.63:631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.005

EVALUATION OF THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE ROLLING BEARINGS OF THE DRIVE WHEEL SHAFT OF THE ONION PLANTER
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; K.A. Gorshkov, Master
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, e-mail: e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The agronomic requirements of planting onions with a planter are largely determined by the work of the planting unit, which determines the uniformity of the distribution of the bulbs along the length of the planting furrow at the required distance from each other, which has a significant impact on the onion yield, as it affects the area of nutrition of the growing crop. In most onion planting machines in use, the planting units are usually driven by the drive wheels of the planting machine via chain drives and reduction gears. High-quality planting is only possible if the joints and parts of the drive function reliably. The design of a planting machine for seed onions developed and constructed at Penza Agrarian University is presented, which makes it possible to ensure the planting rate of seed onions in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. The design of the drive wheel of the onion planting machine with selected bearings and the estimation of their resource are considered and the required dynamic load capacity of the bearings is also determined, which has counted Cr(req) = 5441 N and is significantly below the catalog value Cr(cat) = 33200 N. The resource of the bearings installed on the drive wheel shaft is therefore provided with a reserve that significantly exceeds the normative service life of the planting machine.
Keywords: planting machine, shaft, wheel, force, bearing, durability, rotation speed.

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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.004

THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A ROLLER SOWING UNIT
R. R. Devlikamov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The technological process of seed dosing during sowing is one of the main processes influencing the quality parameters of the sowing machine. Carrying out sowing operations in compliance with agrotechnical requirements has a significant impact on crop yields. In order to achieve good germination and thus a high yield, an uniform distribution of the seed over the sowing area must be ensured. The number of optimal conditions that the seed material receives influences the growth and development of each plant. Compliance with agrotechnical requirements during sowing makes it possible to obtain a high yield of grain crops and make a profit [1, 3].
Many scientists are conducting research on sowing machines, but it is not possible to create a universal variant for sowing all crops. During operation, roller-type sowing units generate pulsations due to the flow of passing seeds, so the uniformity of seed application on the feeding surface and in the rows deteriorates, resulting in irregular seedlings and lower yield [4].
If we look at how the roller seed drill works in detail, we will see that: the seeds in the flutes of the roller and the seeds in the active layer are sown. At the same time, the movement of the seeds of the active layer takes place under the effect of internal frictional forces due to the impact on the roller surface and is transferred layer by layer from one to the other [5].
As a result of theoretical studies of analytical dependencies to determine the design parameters of the roller with increased volume of flutes, which allow the proposed device to carry out the technological process sustainably. The numerical values of the design parameters should have the following values: Working volume of the roller – 0.0000356 m3; number of flutes of the roller – 6 pieces; cross-sectional area of the roller flute – 0.0002205 m2; cross-sectional area of all flutes of the roller – 0.001323 m2; radius of the roller flutes – 0.0110 m.
Keywords: planting unit, fluted roller, mechanical seeder, flute, seeds.

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UDC 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.003

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROSSBREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDS ON THE IMMUNE STATUS OF COW COLOS-TRUM
A.S. Karamaeva¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
S.V. Karamaev¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
I.R. Gazeev², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. 8-927-651-88-54, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, tel. 8-987-015-06-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of different types of crossbreeding between the Black and White and Holstein breeds on the chemical composition and immune status of the colostrum of crossbred cows with different blood content to improve the breed. The material of the research was the first milking colostrum and calves obtained from crossbred first-calf cows at introductory, backcross, reproductive and absorbing crossings. It was found that in terms of dry matter content in colostrum, crossbreds with ⅝ G blood content were superior to ½ G by 0.8% (P < 0.05), ¼ G by 0.4% and 15/16 G by 1.4% (P < 0.001). In terms of the mass percentage of fat in the dry matter of the colostrum, ⅝ G crosses were superior to ½ G by 0.5% (P < 0.001), ¼ G by 0.1% and 15/16 G by 0.7% (P < 0.001). In the first portion of cow colostrum, proteins are the most abundant fraction. The difference in the mass fraction of proteins in the dry matter of the colostrum was 0.5% (P < 0.01); 0.3% (P < 0.05); 0.9% (P < 0.001), respectively. The difference in the content of globulins in the proteins of the colostrum, which provide protective function for an organism, was 0.2 % (P < 0.05); 0.3 % (P < 0.001); 0.5 % (P < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, the concentration of immunoglobulins was 7.3 % (P < 0.001); 3.2 % (P < 0.05); 11.0 % (P < 0.001) higher. Thus, the increase in Holstein blood in the absorbing crossing and the decrease in the backcrossing leads to a significant deterioration in colostrum quality and an increase in calf morbidity.
Keywords: breed, types of crossing, blood content, crossbred cows, colostrum, chemical composition, immunoglobulins.

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