UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.004

THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A ROLLER SOWING UNIT
R. R. Devlikamov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The technological process of seed dosing during sowing is one of the main processes influencing the quality parameters of the sowing machine. Carrying out sowing operations in compliance with agrotechnical requirements has a significant impact on crop yields. In order to achieve good germination and thus a high yield, an uniform distribution of the seed over the sowing area must be ensured. The number of optimal conditions that the seed material receives influences the growth and development of each plant. Compliance with agrotechnical requirements during sowing makes it possible to obtain a high yield of grain crops and make a profit [1, 3].
Many scientists are conducting research on sowing machines, but it is not possible to create a universal variant for sowing all crops. During operation, roller-type sowing units generate pulsations due to the flow of passing seeds, so the uniformity of seed application on the feeding surface and in the rows deteriorates, resulting in irregular seedlings and lower yield [4].
If we look at how the roller seed drill works in detail, we will see that: the seeds in the flutes of the roller and the seeds in the active layer are sown. At the same time, the movement of the seeds of the active layer takes place under the effect of internal frictional forces due to the impact on the roller surface and is transferred layer by layer from one to the other [5].
As a result of theoretical studies of analytical dependencies to determine the design parameters of the roller with increased volume of flutes, which allow the proposed device to carry out the technological process sustainably. The numerical values of the design parameters should have the following values: Working volume of the roller – 0.0000356 m3; number of flutes of the roller – 6 pieces; cross-sectional area of the roller flute – 0.0002205 m2; cross-sectional area of all flutes of the roller – 0.001323 m2; radius of the roller flutes – 0.0110 m.
Keywords: planting unit, fluted roller, mechanical seeder, flute, seeds.

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UDC 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.003

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROSSBREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDS ON THE IMMUNE STATUS OF COW COLOS-TRUM
A.S. Karamaeva¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
S.V. Karamaev¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
I.R. Gazeev², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. 8-927-651-88-54, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, tel. 8-987-015-06-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of different types of crossbreeding between the Black and White and Holstein breeds on the chemical composition and immune status of the colostrum of crossbred cows with different blood content to improve the breed. The material of the research was the first milking colostrum and calves obtained from crossbred first-calf cows at introductory, backcross, reproductive and absorbing crossings. It was found that in terms of dry matter content in colostrum, crossbreds with ⅝ G blood content were superior to ½ G by 0.8% (P < 0.05), ¼ G by 0.4% and 15/16 G by 1.4% (P < 0.001). In terms of the mass percentage of fat in the dry matter of the colostrum, ⅝ G crosses were superior to ½ G by 0.5% (P < 0.001), ¼ G by 0.1% and 15/16 G by 0.7% (P < 0.001). In the first portion of cow colostrum, proteins are the most abundant fraction. The difference in the mass fraction of proteins in the dry matter of the colostrum was 0.5% (P < 0.01); 0.3% (P < 0.05); 0.9% (P < 0.001), respectively. The difference in the content of globulins in the proteins of the colostrum, which provide protective function for an organism, was 0.2 % (P < 0.05); 0.3 % (P < 0.001); 0.5 % (P < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, the concentration of immunoglobulins was 7.3 % (P < 0.001); 3.2 % (P < 0.05); 11.0 % (P < 0.001) higher. Thus, the increase in Holstein blood in the absorbing crossing and the decrease in the backcrossing leads to a significant deterioration in colostrum quality and an increase in calf morbidity.
Keywords: breed, types of crossing, blood content, crossbred cows, colostrum, chemical composition, immunoglobulins.

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UDC 577.3, 633.9
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.018

EVALUATION OF COTTON RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT CAUSED BY THE LOCAL STRAIN FOV4 BASED ON CHANGES IN GOSSYPOL AND SALICYLIC ACID CONTENT
A.S. Imamkhodzhaeva¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
N.R. Rakhmatova¹, (PhD), Senior Research Officer;
Sh.O. Kushakov¹, Research Assistant; Z.Z. Yuldasheva¹, Research Assistant;
A. Mamadzhanov³, Research Assistant; V.V. Uzbekov², Senior Research Officer;
Sh.R. Khusanbaeva¹, Research Assistant; Z.T. Buriev¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Chief
¹Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics Uz AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
²Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after O. Sodikov Uz AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
³Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Fusarium wilt of cotton is a serious disease that reduces the yield of this crop. The most productive way to combat this disease is to introduce resistant varieties into production. When the plant is infected with the pathogen, there is an increased production of terpenoids in the plant cell, particularly gossypol, which helps to inhibit the development and spread of the pathogen in the cotton seedling tissue. An endogenous phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA), plays a special role in resistance to pathogenic fungi. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic responses to FOV4 infection of the Bardosh variety in comparison to resistant (R-4, R-630), moderately resistant (RM-2200) and susceptible (S-609) samples in relation to gossypol and salicylic acid levels. Gossypol and SA were identified by HPLC analysis of cotton leaf extracts. Analysis of the results showed that the Bardosh variety reacted as resistant to FOV4.
Keywords: cotton, resistance, pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, FOV4, gossypol, salicylic acid.

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UDC 633.853.483
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.015

EVALUATION OF WHITE MUSTARD PRODUCTIVITY IN ITS CULTIVATION FOR SEEDS
A.S. Korolev, Postgraduate; V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Mustard is an alternative to sunflower, whose oil is an obligatory component of the human diet. It occupies a special place in crop production due to its early maturity, ease of cultivation and resistance to pests and diseases. However, due to the climatic peculiarities of the regions and the low effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, it cannot be grown to its full potential. Therefore, the determination of the optimal level of mineral nutrition and the study of the conditions for the use of liquid organo-mineral fertilizers in the system of foliar fertilization is relevant. The studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem soil of the FSBEI HE "Penza SAU" collection site. The sowings of white mustard of the Lutsia variety were fertilized with Agree`s Sulfur at the leaf rosette stage and with Agree`s Boron during budding and at their combination. The weather conditions in the first year of the study were favorable, with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.5. The following year was characterized by irregular rainfall (hydrothermal coefficient – 0.3). The highest germination (78.0-78.7 %) and preservation (66.3-70.7 %) were observed in crops with mineral fertilizer application in the rate of N32P32K32. Moreover, the highest number of plants to harvest (140 pcs/m2) was observed when the treatments of mustard were combined with Agree`s Sulfur and Agree`s Boron. The highest number of pods (66.0 pieces) and the largest seeds (4.95 g) were obtained with two foliar treatments of N32P32K32. The highest seed production per plant (1.45 g) is also observed here. The number of seeds in a pod varied only insignificantly and amounted to 3.0-4.4 pieces. The seed yield from the treatment of the plants with the organic-mineral fertilizers Agree`s Sulfur at the leaf rosette stage and Agree`s Boron during the budding stage on the background of N32P32K32 reached 2.07 t/ha and exceeded the control by 0.50 t/ha. In the double foliar treatment of plants with preparations on the background of N16P16K16, the yield was 1.2 times lower. The minimum yield (1.18-1.65 t/ha) was achieved on natural soil fertility.
Keywords: white mustard, weather conditions, macro- and liquid organomineral fertilizers, field germination, preservation, survival, yield.

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