UDC 338.43(470.40)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.021

REGIONAL ORGANIZATION-ECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR CREATION OF MACHINE-TECHNOLOGICAL COMPANIES METHODS
A.A. Ivanov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
S.N. Alekseeva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.A. Matveev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
M.A. Polyakova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia. tel. 89273680695, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Modernization or creation of a new material and technical base for agriculture is a necessary condition for the development of the agro-industrial complex, that influences on the processes of specialization and concentration of production and increased labor productivity.
In this regard, the problem of developing the material and technical base of agricultural production under current economic conditions is important, as it ensures sustainable economic growth within the agricultural sector based on intensive technologies at the regional level.
The research deals with the dynamics of agricultural organizations provision with self-propelled agricultural machinery at the Penza region in comparison with the average indicators for the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District. Methodological approaches to determine prospects for developing machine-technological companies (MTC) at the regional level were observed according to the main purpose of their use. Proposals for the creation of MTC of two types in the Penza region were developed. The first MTC type is aimed primarily at providing services in the field of agricultural production to medium and large enterprises, both at the regional and interregional levels.
The second MTC type is focused on providing services to micro and small enterprises, as well as to private households at the district and inter-district levels. Leading organizational and legal forms for MTC, created with the formation of a legal entity, were determined. For MTCs, focused on micro and small enterprises, an agricultural consumer service cooperative was proposed as the proper organizational and legal form at the regional level. The research also analyses measures of the state support for MTCs and organizational-economic outlook aimed at developing of entrepreneurial activity.
Key words: agriculture, region, material and technical base, machine-technological company (MTC), support measures, methodological approaches.

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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.013

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF A SHOE-TYPE OPENER WITH ADJUSTABLE STIFFNESS OF THE ELASTIC TINE
M.A. Terekhin¹ Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Engineer;
P.A. Kosyakov¹ Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Design Engineer;
P.N. Khorev² Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹AO "Radiozavod" (JSC), Penza;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the design of grain seeders and sowing systems, the shoe-type openers are used for separate applica-tion of mineral fertilizers into the soil and for sowing. Structurally, they can be designed in the form of a culti-vator working organ with spring suspension of the S-shaped tine and with fixed attachment of the tine to the seeder frame. This article presents the proposed design of a shoe-type opener in the form of a cultivator work-ing organ on an S-shaped elastic tine equipped with a device for adjusting its stiffness. The purpose of the study is to determine the movement and the resulting stresses of a S-shaped elastic tine in the basic design and with the device developed to change its stiffness. The results of the study on the stiffness of the S-shaped elastic opener tine depending on the adjustment parameters of the adjustment device, which was made in the form of computer modeling of the opener-soil interaction process, are also presented. As a result of the tests carried out, it is found that the device for adjusting the stiffness of the S-shaped elastic opener tine is capable of increasing its stiffness by 1.3...3.4 times compared to the basic tine, i.e. the increase in stiffness from 22.6 N/mm for the basic tine up to 29.6 N/mm when the spike of the tine stiffness adjustment device is aligned with the last adjustment groove and up to 77.5 N/mm when the spike of the tine stiffness adjustment device is aligned with the first adjustment groove.
Keywords: shoe-type opener, S-shaped elastic tine, stiffness, adjustment, seeding, mineral fertilizers, modeling.

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UDC 636.2.083+636.2.034.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.020

MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS DEPENDING ON CALVING SEASON
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
E.A. Zykina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
N.M. Semikova, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
V.V. Fomina, Student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412) 628-380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The study of the calving season of cows is very important from the point of view of animal selection and breeding. The purpose of our research was to investigate the effects of calving season on the milk productivity of cows. The studies were conducted in the separate subdivision "Training and Experimental Farm "Ramzay" of FSBEI HE Penza SAU" on Holsteinized black and white cows. The cows were divided into four groups accord-ing to calving season: I - spring, II - summer, III - autumn, IV - winter. As a result of our research, we found that the maximum milk yield in the first and second lactations was observed in cows with autumn calving (6,698 and 7,099 kg, respectively), in the third lactation – in animals with winter calving (7,058 kg) and the minimum milk yield in animals with spring calving period (from 6,435 to 5,766 kg of milk, respectively). At the same time, the maximum mass percentage of fat and protein was determined in cows with summer calving and the minimum – in cows with winter calving. When analyzing the relationship between the number of milk-ing days and milk yield for the entire lactation, the correlation coefficient was 0.82, indicating a fairly strong relationship. When analyzing the relationship between milk yield for 305 days of lactation and milk fat per-centage, a negative relationship was observed, ranging from -0.13 to -0.53. The correlation coefficient be-tween the milk yield for 305 days of lactation and the percentage of milk protein shows both positive and neg-ative values and ranges from -0.05 to 0.71. When calculating the correlation coefficient for milk yield for the entire lactation and the amount of milk fat and protein in the milk in all groups studied and for all lactations, a strong positive relationship of 0.99 was found. After studying the calving seasons of the cows in this herd, it is recommended to schedule most of the cows' calvings for autumn and winter calving periods, which can signifi-cantly increase milk production per year or milk yield per cow per year in the future.
Keywords: period, season, calving, milk productivity, lactation.

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UDC 633.858.52(470.65)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.019

AGROTECHNICAL PRACTICES TO INCREASE SOYBEAN YIELDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA–ALANIA
Tedeeva V.V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Research Officer
Tedeeva A.A., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Officer
North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", North Ossetia–Alania, Mikhaylovskoye village, 1 Vilyamsa Street, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal sowing rates of soybean varieties and their effects on biometric parameters, yield structure and yield. The tasks were to determine the optimal sowing rates of soybean varieties of different maturity and their influence on productivity. The studies were carried out in 2021-2023 in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, which is characterized as a forest-steppe with unstable moisture. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem, the arable layer of which has a humus content of 5.2-6.3 %. The soybean varieties "Kioto", "Korsak", "Opus" – selection of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops, Krasnodar and the variety "Iriston" of the local selection of the LLC Research Institute "IrAgro" (OOO) were the object of research. The maximum yield of green mass of 4.20 t/ha was achieved at a sowing rate of 700 thousand/ha at the tillering stage. In the varieties studied, the yield at a rate of 700 thousand/ha compared to a rate of 500 thousand/ha was 0.46 t/ha higher for the Iriston variety, 0.18 t/ha higher for Kioto, – 0.49 t/ha higher for Korsak and – 0.63 t/ha higher for Opus.
Keywords: forest-steppe zone, soybean, variety, seeding rate, technology, growth, development, yield.

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