UDC 631.33
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.014

TEST RESULTS OF THE KPPK-10LD SEEDING COMPLEX WHEN SOWING WINTER WHEAT
M.A. Terekhin¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Engineer;
P.A. Kosyakov¹, Leading Design Engineer;
A.A. Tykushin1, Head of the Design Department for civil products;
V.V. Shumaev², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Yashin², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹AO "Radiozavod" (JSC), Penza,
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In modern agricultural production conditions with insufficient labor resources, there is a need to develop powerful machines that ensure the implementation of several technological operations in a single pass while meeting the agrotechnical requirements for the quality indicators of the technological process. Determining the quality indicators of the pre-production model of the KPPK-10LD seeding complex manufactured by AO "Radiozavod" (JSC) in Penza is an integral part of the successful future of the developed product. Field tests of the KPPK 10LD seeding complex were carried out in real operating conditions when sowing spring wheat according to the classical technology in spring and when sowing winter wheat according to the minimum technology in the fields of the "Ramzay" educational and experimental farm of the Mokshansky district of the Penza region in combination with the K-735 tractor. The quality indicators for sowing grain crops were determined in accordance with GOST 31345-2007 and STO AIST 5.6-2010. As a result of the tests of the KPPK-10LD seeding complex, it was found that it qualitatively performs the technological process of sowing grain seeds in the autumn period under the conditions of classical and minimum tillage in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements established by domestic normative documents.
Keywords: sowing complex, field tests, minimal tillage, sowing, winter wheat, quality.

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UDC 621.45.034.3+621.436+665.753.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.008

THE RESULTS OF ACCELERATED TESTING OF NOZZLE SPRAY TIPS FOR GLOGGING DURING DIESEL OPERATION ON BIO-OIL FUEL
D.A. Ukhanov¹, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.D. Glazunov¹, postgraduate student;
A.P. Ukhanov², Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
A.V. Machnev^3,4, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal Autonomous Institution "25th State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Pathology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia;
³Russian Biotechnological University;
⁴Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University) Moscow, Russia

An alternative motor fuel for diesel engines with mechanically controlled fuel supply is mixed bio-oil fuel (MBOF), which differs from petroleum diesel fuel (DF) by increased values of density, viscosity, flash point and reduced cetane number. It was believed a priori that due to the content of vegetable oil in bio-oil fuel during the operation of diesel tractor on MBOF, this could lead to an intensification of the carbon deposition process on the surfaces of the combustion chamber and to clogging of the nozzle spray tips and, as a result, to a deterioration in the quality of spraying, mixing and ignition. Therefore, there is a need for an experimental assessment of the effect of various types of MBOF on the amount of carbon deposits on the nozzle spray tips.
The results of comparative accelerated tests performed on a motor unit with a three-cylinder MMZ-3LD diesel engine according to the method developed at the 25th State Research Institute of Chemical Pathology indicate that, in terms of high-temperature deposits on the surfaces of the nozzle spray tips (the coefficient of clogging of the nozzle spray tips, the mass of carbon deposits on the surface of the hull and the locking needle of the sprayers), MBOF that contains rapeseed oil (RM) with a shelf life of 2 months since the production date, is inferior to commercial petroleum summer DF. When the diesel engine was running on 80% DF-L-K5 + 20% RM MBOF, the clogging coefficient of the nozzle spraye tips increased from 35.26% to 41.46% compared to its operation on DF-L-K5 petroleum fuel.
Tests also show that camelina oil with a long shelf life (3.2 years) and used as a supplement to petroleum diesel fuel leads to a more intense formation of high-temperature deposits on the surfaces of nozzle spray tips than that with a short shelf life.
Keywords: bio-oil fuel, camelina oil, rapeseed oil, experimental tests, high-temperature deposits, clogging of nozzle spray tips.

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UDC 633.63:631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.011

SOME RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS OF THE SPD-5.6 ROW CROP DISC SEEDER ON THE STUBBLE BACKGROUND
M.A. Terekhin¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Engineer;
M.A. Semaev¹, Leading Design Engineer; A.A. Tykushin1, Head of the Design Department for civil products;
A.V. Yashin², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.A. Ovtov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹AO "Radiozavod" (JSC), Penza;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The state program of the Russian Federation "Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food" and the "Strategy for the development of the agro-industrial and fishery complex of the Russian Federation until 2030" provide for the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex. Without this modernization, it is impossible to ensure full import substitution with competitive products, given the equipment currently in use. In a significant number of farms, row crops are grown using technologies that involve intensive tillage. The Russian market offers a comprehensive range of machines for this row crop cultivation technique, including pneumatic row crop seeders equipped with runner-type and double-disc openers. However, in order to reduce the material and labor costs of intensive tillage and increase the profitability of sunflower and corn production, farms often sow row crop seed in the prepared field where there is a sufficient amount of unplanted crop residue. Therefore, for sowing row crops on a minimally prepared field, it is necessary to equip the universal row crop sowing seeders used with additional working bodies – disc coulters and rotary row cleaners. In the conditions of the farm "Nesterov N.I.", Kolyshleysky district of the Penza region, the designers of "Radiozavod" AO (JSC), Penza, have developed and tested working bodies for the SPD-5,6 disc seeder for sowing row crops on the stubble background remaining after harvesting winter wheat with straw crushing and its distribution on the field surface. The results of the tests carried out show that equipping the sowing sections of the SPD-5,6 row crop disc seeders with disc coulters and rotary row cleaners of the developed design with optimal values of the setting parameters allows sowing row crops with less effective tillage, which significantly saves material and labor resources.
Keywords: row-crop disc seeder SPD-5,6, minimal tillage, rotary row cleaner, disc colter, stubble, crop residues, efficiency.

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UDC 633.63:631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.005

EVALUATION OF THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE ROLLING BEARINGS OF THE DRIVE WHEEL SHAFT OF THE ONION PLANTER
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; K.A. Gorshkov, Master
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, e-mail: e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The agronomic requirements of planting onions with a planter are largely determined by the work of the planting unit, which determines the uniformity of the distribution of the bulbs along the length of the planting furrow at the required distance from each other, which has a significant impact on the onion yield, as it affects the area of nutrition of the growing crop. In most onion planting machines in use, the planting units are usually driven by the drive wheels of the planting machine via chain drives and reduction gears. High-quality planting is only possible if the joints and parts of the drive function reliably. The design of a planting machine for seed onions developed and constructed at Penza Agrarian University is presented, which makes it possible to ensure the planting rate of seed onions in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. The design of the drive wheel of the onion planting machine with selected bearings and the estimation of their resource are considered and the required dynamic load capacity of the bearings is also determined, which has counted Cr(req) = 5441 N and is significantly below the catalog value Cr(cat) = 33200 N. The resource of the bearings installed on the drive wheel shaft is therefore provided with a reserve that significantly exceeds the normative service life of the planting machine.
Keywords: planting machine, shaft, wheel, force, bearing, durability, rotation speed.

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