UDC 631.152
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.012

DIAGNOSTICS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BASED ON MODELING METHODS
N.N. Bondina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor,
I.A. Bondin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
G.A. Volkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education"Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia. e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The study of production potential contributes to the discovery of reserves and opportunities of agricultural organizations, and its condition determines competitiveness in the market, the ability to make timely and economically sound management decisions that affect the current and future activities of the organization. In conditions of resource scarcity, it is especially important to improve the efficiency of their use, which is the main direction of sustainable agriculture. The authors have carried out diagnostics of the use of the production potential of agricultural organizations in the Penza region with the existing level of gross agricultural production in the region. On the basis of the performed correlation and regression analysis, the factors and the degree of their influence on the volume of gross production per 100 hectares of agricultural land were determined. The results of the analysis show that the greatest efficiency in the use of production potential is achieved only when all factors and resources, each element of production, interact in a balanced way.
Keywords: production potential, diagnostics, utilization, efficiency, modeling, factors, reserves.

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UDC 631.171
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.017

RESEARCH RESULTS ON REGULATING THE LOAD ON THE PROPULSION SYSTEM OF THE POWER UNIT DURING HARROWING
S.V. Shchitov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
Z.F. Krivutsa, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
E.S. Polikutina, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,
V.G. Evdokimov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, V.V. Leonov, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Far Eastern State Agrarian University", Blagoveshchensk, Russia, tel. 89145571730, e–mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of the "Corrector-Distributor of Adhesion Weight" on the redistribution of the load between the axles of the tractor with articulated frame during harrowing. The process of soil preparation plays a major role in the cultivation of crops. This is especially true for regions where this process cannot be carried out in spring for various reasons, which largely depend on natural, climatic and agrotechnical conditions. The Amur Oblast belongs to such regions that largely depend on the above-mentioned conditions: late end of harvesting work (with the onset of the first sub-zero temperatures), freezing of the soil horizon above 2.6 m, presence of snow cover, uneven thawing of the soil surface in spring, abundant precipitation (in the form of rain and snow) and the presence of solid permafrost soil during spring field work. In connection with these features, the problem of adapting the available tillage machine-tractor units for use in the above conditions arises by regulating the load on the propulsion system of the power unit with articulated frame. For this purpose, a special device "Corrector-distributor of the adhesion weight of the harrowing machine-tractor unit" was developed, for which a patent of the Russian Federation was granted. The proposed device was tested in real production conditions and proved its relevance.
Keywords: adhesion weight corrector-distributor, tractor, load, soil preparation, drive axle.

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UDC 631.33
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.014

TEST RESULTS OF THE KPPK-10LD SEEDING COMPLEX WHEN SOWING WINTER WHEAT
M.A. Terekhin¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Engineer;
P.A. Kosyakov¹, Leading Design Engineer;
A.A. Tykushin1, Head of the Design Department for civil products;
V.V. Shumaev², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Yashin², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹AO "Radiozavod" (JSC), Penza,
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In modern agricultural production conditions with insufficient labor resources, there is a need to develop powerful machines that ensure the implementation of several technological operations in a single pass while meeting the agrotechnical requirements for the quality indicators of the technological process. Determining the quality indicators of the pre-production model of the KPPK-10LD seeding complex manufactured by AO "Radiozavod" (JSC) in Penza is an integral part of the successful future of the developed product. Field tests of the KPPK 10LD seeding complex were carried out in real operating conditions when sowing spring wheat according to the classical technology in spring and when sowing winter wheat according to the minimum technology in the fields of the "Ramzay" educational and experimental farm of the Mokshansky district of the Penza region in combination with the K-735 tractor. The quality indicators for sowing grain crops were determined in accordance with GOST 31345-2007 and STO AIST 5.6-2010. As a result of the tests of the KPPK-10LD seeding complex, it was found that it qualitatively performs the technological process of sowing grain seeds in the autumn period under the conditions of classical and minimum tillage in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements established by domestic normative documents.
Keywords: sowing complex, field tests, minimal tillage, sowing, winter wheat, quality.

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UDC 621.45.034.3+621.436+665.753.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.008

THE RESULTS OF ACCELERATED TESTING OF NOZZLE SPRAY TIPS FOR GLOGGING DURING DIESEL OPERATION ON BIO-OIL FUEL
D.A. Ukhanov¹, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.D. Glazunov¹, postgraduate student;
A.P. Ukhanov², Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
A.V. Machnev^3,4, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal Autonomous Institution "25th State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Pathology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia;
³Russian Biotechnological University;
⁴Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University) Moscow, Russia

An alternative motor fuel for diesel engines with mechanically controlled fuel supply is mixed bio-oil fuel (MBOF), which differs from petroleum diesel fuel (DF) by increased values of density, viscosity, flash point and reduced cetane number. It was believed a priori that due to the content of vegetable oil in bio-oil fuel during the operation of diesel tractor on MBOF, this could lead to an intensification of the carbon deposition process on the surfaces of the combustion chamber and to clogging of the nozzle spray tips and, as a result, to a deterioration in the quality of spraying, mixing and ignition. Therefore, there is a need for an experimental assessment of the effect of various types of MBOF on the amount of carbon deposits on the nozzle spray tips.
The results of comparative accelerated tests performed on a motor unit with a three-cylinder MMZ-3LD diesel engine according to the method developed at the 25th State Research Institute of Chemical Pathology indicate that, in terms of high-temperature deposits on the surfaces of the nozzle spray tips (the coefficient of clogging of the nozzle spray tips, the mass of carbon deposits on the surface of the hull and the locking needle of the sprayers), MBOF that contains rapeseed oil (RM) with a shelf life of 2 months since the production date, is inferior to commercial petroleum summer DF. When the diesel engine was running on 80% DF-L-K5 + 20% RM MBOF, the clogging coefficient of the nozzle spraye tips increased from 35.26% to 41.46% compared to its operation on DF-L-K5 petroleum fuel.
Tests also show that camelina oil with a long shelf life (3.2 years) and used as a supplement to petroleum diesel fuel leads to a more intense formation of high-temperature deposits on the surfaces of nozzle spray tips than that with a short shelf life.
Keywords: bio-oil fuel, camelina oil, rapeseed oil, experimental tests, high-temperature deposits, clogging of nozzle spray tips.

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