UDC 621.45.034.3+621.436+665.753.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.008

THE RESULTS OF ACCELERATED TESTING OF NOZZLE SPRAY TIPS FOR GLOGGING DURING DIESEL OPERATION ON BIO-OIL FUEL
D.A. Ukhanov¹, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.D. Glazunov¹, postgraduate student;
A.P. Ukhanov², Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
A.V. Machnev^3,4, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal Autonomous Institution "25th State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Pathology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia;
³Russian Biotechnological University;
⁴Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University) Moscow, Russia

An alternative motor fuel for diesel engines with mechanically controlled fuel supply is mixed bio-oil fuel (MBOF), which differs from petroleum diesel fuel (DF) by increased values of density, viscosity, flash point and reduced cetane number. It was believed a priori that due to the content of vegetable oil in bio-oil fuel during the operation of diesel tractor on MBOF, this could lead to an intensification of the carbon deposition process on the surfaces of the combustion chamber and to clogging of the nozzle spray tips and, as a result, to a deterioration in the quality of spraying, mixing and ignition. Therefore, there is a need for an experimental assessment of the effect of various types of MBOF on the amount of carbon deposits on the nozzle spray tips.
The results of comparative accelerated tests performed on a motor unit with a three-cylinder MMZ-3LD diesel engine according to the method developed at the 25th State Research Institute of Chemical Pathology indicate that, in terms of high-temperature deposits on the surfaces of the nozzle spray tips (the coefficient of clogging of the nozzle spray tips, the mass of carbon deposits on the surface of the hull and the locking needle of the sprayers), MBOF that contains rapeseed oil (RM) with a shelf life of 2 months since the production date, is inferior to commercial petroleum summer DF. When the diesel engine was running on 80% DF-L-K5 + 20% RM MBOF, the clogging coefficient of the nozzle spraye tips increased from 35.26% to 41.46% compared to its operation on DF-L-K5 petroleum fuel.
Tests also show that camelina oil with a long shelf life (3.2 years) and used as a supplement to petroleum diesel fuel leads to a more intense formation of high-temperature deposits on the surfaces of nozzle spray tips than that with a short shelf life.
Keywords: bio-oil fuel, camelina oil, rapeseed oil, experimental tests, high-temperature deposits, clogging of nozzle spray tips.

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UDC 633.63:631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.011

SOME RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS OF THE SPD-5.6 ROW CROP DISC SEEDER ON THE STUBBLE BACKGROUND
M.A. Terekhin¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Engineer;
M.A. Semaev¹, Leading Design Engineer; A.A. Tykushin1, Head of the Design Department for civil products;
A.V. Yashin², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.A. Ovtov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
¹AO "Radiozavod" (JSC), Penza;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The state program of the Russian Federation "Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food" and the "Strategy for the development of the agro-industrial and fishery complex of the Russian Federation until 2030" provide for the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex. Without this modernization, it is impossible to ensure full import substitution with competitive products, given the equipment currently in use. In a significant number of farms, row crops are grown using technologies that involve intensive tillage. The Russian market offers a comprehensive range of machines for this row crop cultivation technique, including pneumatic row crop seeders equipped with runner-type and double-disc openers. However, in order to reduce the material and labor costs of intensive tillage and increase the profitability of sunflower and corn production, farms often sow row crop seed in the prepared field where there is a sufficient amount of unplanted crop residue. Therefore, for sowing row crops on a minimally prepared field, it is necessary to equip the universal row crop sowing seeders used with additional working bodies – disc coulters and rotary row cleaners. In the conditions of the farm "Nesterov N.I.", Kolyshleysky district of the Penza region, the designers of "Radiozavod" AO (JSC), Penza, have developed and tested working bodies for the SPD-5,6 disc seeder for sowing row crops on the stubble background remaining after harvesting winter wheat with straw crushing and its distribution on the field surface. The results of the tests carried out show that equipping the sowing sections of the SPD-5,6 row crop disc seeders with disc coulters and rotary row cleaners of the developed design with optimal values of the setting parameters allows sowing row crops with less effective tillage, which significantly saves material and labor resources.
Keywords: row-crop disc seeder SPD-5,6, minimal tillage, rotary row cleaner, disc colter, stubble, crop residues, efficiency.

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UDC 633.63:631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.005

EVALUATION OF THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE ROLLING BEARINGS OF THE DRIVE WHEEL SHAFT OF THE ONION PLANTER
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; K.A. Gorshkov, Master
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, e-mail: e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The agronomic requirements of planting onions with a planter are largely determined by the work of the planting unit, which determines the uniformity of the distribution of the bulbs along the length of the planting furrow at the required distance from each other, which has a significant impact on the onion yield, as it affects the area of nutrition of the growing crop. In most onion planting machines in use, the planting units are usually driven by the drive wheels of the planting machine via chain drives and reduction gears. High-quality planting is only possible if the joints and parts of the drive function reliably. The design of a planting machine for seed onions developed and constructed at Penza Agrarian University is presented, which makes it possible to ensure the planting rate of seed onions in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. The design of the drive wheel of the onion planting machine with selected bearings and the estimation of their resource are considered and the required dynamic load capacity of the bearings is also determined, which has counted Cr(req) = 5441 N and is significantly below the catalog value Cr(cat) = 33200 N. The resource of the bearings installed on the drive wheel shaft is therefore provided with a reserve that significantly exceeds the normative service life of the planting machine.
Keywords: planting machine, shaft, wheel, force, bearing, durability, rotation speed.

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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.004

THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A ROLLER SOWING UNIT
R. R. Devlikamov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia,
tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The technological process of seed dosing during sowing is one of the main processes influencing the quality parameters of the sowing machine. Carrying out sowing operations in compliance with agrotechnical requirements has a significant impact on crop yields. In order to achieve good germination and thus a high yield, an uniform distribution of the seed over the sowing area must be ensured. The number of optimal conditions that the seed material receives influences the growth and development of each plant. Compliance with agrotechnical requirements during sowing makes it possible to obtain a high yield of grain crops and make a profit [1, 3].
Many scientists are conducting research on sowing machines, but it is not possible to create a universal variant for sowing all crops. During operation, roller-type sowing units generate pulsations due to the flow of passing seeds, so the uniformity of seed application on the feeding surface and in the rows deteriorates, resulting in irregular seedlings and lower yield [4].
If we look at how the roller seed drill works in detail, we will see that: the seeds in the flutes of the roller and the seeds in the active layer are sown. At the same time, the movement of the seeds of the active layer takes place under the effect of internal frictional forces due to the impact on the roller surface and is transferred layer by layer from one to the other [5].
As a result of theoretical studies of analytical dependencies to determine the design parameters of the roller with increased volume of flutes, which allow the proposed device to carry out the technological process sustainably. The numerical values of the design parameters should have the following values: Working volume of the roller – 0.0000356 m3; number of flutes of the roller – 6 pieces; cross-sectional area of the roller flute – 0.0002205 m2; cross-sectional area of all flutes of the roller – 0.001323 m2; radius of the roller flutes – 0.0110 m.
Keywords: planting unit, fluted roller, mechanical seeder, flute, seeds.

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