DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.011
UDC 338.31/.631.5:633.174(477.61)

PARAMETERS OF METHODS FOR THE EFFECTIVE CULTIVATION OF GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE DRY CONDITIONS OF DONBASS
A.V. Baranovsky, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Lugansk State Agrarian University named after K.E. Voroshilov", tel.+79591401408, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of a series of field experiments with grain sorghum conducted on the experimental field of ‘Lugansk SAU’ in 2008-2022. It was found that modern grain sorghum hybrids with 99-110 days vegetation period (Solarius, Fulgus, Sprint W, Swift, Frisket, Puma Star, Burggo, Oggana, Targgo, PR88Y20) are more productive (5.56-5.96 t/ha), with a maximum economic effect in cultivation (conditional net income – 35,235-40,035 rub./ha, profitability level – 111.9-127.2 %) at the lowest cost of grain (5,283-5,663 rub./t). The cultivation of early and mid-ripening hybrids was less lucrative and profitable. It has been proven that the optimal and economically justified sowing dates for early ripening hybrids are between April 25 and May 15, for mid-early hybrids between April 25 and May 5 and for mid-ripening hybrids at the permitted early date of April 25. It has been proven that the cultivation of grain sorghum is unprofitable without the use of herbicides. With a complex of mechanical weed control measures in sorghum crops, the maximum conditional net income (44,403-44,457 rub./ha) and profitability level (141.2-140.6 %) at the lowest grain cost (4,974-4,988 rub./t) is achieved by applying both soil (Primextra Gold, 72 SC, 3.0 l/ha) and post-emergence (Balerina, SE, 0.4 l/ha or Dialen Super, aq. sol, 0.7 l/ha) herbicides. In this case, the crop yield increases by 4.28-4.30 t/ha (3.1 times) and the costs for grains decrease by 2.7 times. The use of mineral fertilizers (N60P40) increased the conditional net income with shallow (12-14 cm) basic tillage (UDA-2.4-20M) by 3,860 rub./ha (12.0 %), and with deep (25-27 cm) plowing (PLN-3-35) – by 3,740 rub./ha (10.2%). With N60P40, deep mouldboard plowing compared to shallow tillage increased conditional net income by 11.3 %, profitability by 10.0 %,and reduced the cost of grain by 4.4 %.
Keywords: grain sorghum, yield, hybrid, sowing period, herbicide, fertilizer, net income, profitability.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.009
UDC 631.5 + 633.63 + (470.4)

INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTIVE MOISTURE RESERVE, WATER CONSUMPTION AND SUGAR BEET YIELD IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION
Kolesov A.E., Postgraduate, Bogomazov S.V., Candidate of Agricultural Scienc-es, Associate Professor,
Efremova E.V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Lyan-denburskaya A.V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412)628-546, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficiency of tillage sys-tems with stubble destructor to increase the yield of sugar beet roots in the for-est-steppe zone of the Middle Volga Region. Studies have shown that tillage systems have a different influence on the productive moisture reserve in the meter layer of the soil. Thus, in the period after the main tillage for sugar beet, the highest values of the indicators were observed in the variants with non-mouldboard and minimum shallow systems. However, it should be noted that the differences by year were not always reliable. In the period of physical ma-turity of the soil, the values of the indicator did not change in the experimental variants. When the sugar beet rows were closed, there was a tendency for the productive moisture reserve to decrease in resource-saving tillage systems. In the variants with non-mouldboard tillage system by 2.6, with minimum shal-low tillage by 13.1 mm. Soil moisture was most effectively used by the plants in the variants with mouldboard tillage system. The highest sugar beet yield (44.52 t/ha) was observed in the variants with a mouldboard tillage system. There was a significant decrease in yield of 3.33 and 5.43 t/ha for the non-mouldboard and minimum shallow tillage variants, respectively. The use of the stubble destructor in the variants with mouldboard tillage significantly in-creased the sugar beet yield by 0.38 t/ha; with non-mouldboard tillage – by 0.67 t/ha; with minimum shallow tillage – by 0.87 t/ha. On average over the three years of research, the highest level of profitability was observed with the mouldboard tillage system with the use of the stubble destructor Effect Bio.
Keywords: sugar beet, tillage system, stubble destructor, productive moisture reserve, water consumption, yield.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.008
UDC 633.15: 631.582

CORN CULTIVATION ASSESSMENT IN SHORT CROP ROTATIONS
A.N. Astashov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Chief Researcher
V.S. Plaksina, Senior Researcher
K.A. Pronudin, Research Associate
O.V. Kireeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Researcher
Russian Scientific Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn, Saratov, Russia e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The studies were conducted in the chernozem steppe of the Lower Volga region at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK "Rossorgo" in 2008-2019. The aim of the research was to determine the place in the crop rotation and the best precursor for corn based on crop yield estimates under different hydrothermal conditions. The research material was corn of the RNIISK–1 hybrid population. The study was conducted in short-term agrocenoses. The previous crops were winter wheat, soybeans and chickpeas. The weather conditions changed significantly during the research period and fully reflected the climatic features of the region. The hydrothermal coefficient according to Selyaninov amounted to 0.25...1.20 with the average annual coefficient of 0.84. The data obtained during the research showed that high grain yields were obtained during the cultivation of corn in experimental crop rotations, the range of variation was 1.37...5.05 t/ha. When considering the results under different agrometeorological conditions, it was revealed that the influence of the predecessor and place in the crop rotation on the yield of this crop is significant under different humidity conditions. The maximum yield of corn grain was obtained in favorable years – 3.85...4.36 t/ha, in acute arid years the indicator is minimal – 1.70...1.85 t/ha, in average years – 2.63...2.82 t/ha. Thus, in the course of many years of stationary experiment, it was revealed that the maximum corn yield was obtained in four-field and five-field crop rotations when cultivating corn following leguminous crops.
Keywords: yield, corn, precursor, hydrothermal coefficient, rotation, crop rotation.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.007
UDC 633.5.9 + 678.046.54

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING GIANT MIS-CANTHUS AS A CELLULOSE-BASED MATERIAL IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Profes-sor;
A.A. Volodkin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The increased interest in the introduction of non-traditional crops is justi-fied by the search for economically profitable sources of technical resources of non-wood origin, the introduction of which would create a raw material base for pulp production. One of these crops, which at low cost gives the maximum yield of biomass for a long period of time without adversely affecting the natu-ral balance, is a fast–growing perennial herbaceous plant, giant miscanthus. It is possible to grow it without prejudice to food crops and to preserve forests. It is quite possible to use the raw materials of the giant miscanthus for the production of cellulose. In order to introduce miscanthus into agricultural pro-duction, its productivity and chemical composition were studied during its in-troduction in the Middle Volga region. Therefore, in 2013, an experiment was laid on the light gray soil of the Penza State Agrarian University site. During the eleven years of its growth, the fourth and fifth years of life were the most productive, when the yield of the aboveground mass was 40.0-41.0 t/ha. In the period 2013-2023, 321.0 t/ha of miscanthus green mass was obtained, which corresponds to 114.0 t/ha of dry mass. In terms of cellulose, the content of which was 55.5%, its yield during the study period reached 63.0 t/ha, that is, an average of 5.7 t/ha annually with a single planting. With the traditional production of cellulose from wood, its yield is 40.0 tons per hectare of forest at the age of 70-100 years. The content of lignin in the parts of miscanthus is 20.9%, with a moisture content of 7.7%, pentazanes is 19.9%, ash is 2.63% and adipose fraction is 0.9%.
Keywords: giant miscanthus, introduction, yield, cellulose, lignin, pento-sans, ash content, fat fraction.

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