DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.005
UDC 631.331

THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PLANTING UNIT OPERATION WITH A MODIFIED SHAPE OF A FLUTE PROFILE OF A SECTIONAL ROLLER
N. P. Laryushin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
I.A. Surkov, College Lecturer (Faculty of Vocational Education);
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

As a result of the analysis of the research of planting units, it was found that one-piece rollers with the shape of the flute profile, which does not ensure rapid filling of the flutes, rapid emptying of the flutes with crushing of the seed exceeding the GOST requirements during pulsating ejection of the seed into the funnel of the seed tube, are mainly used for sowing cereals. In addition, due to these disadvantages, these flutes of the planting unit roller do not provide the required seeding rate, which leads to a violation of the agrotechnical requirements for seed distribution along the length of the rows, resulting in poor seeding quality and lower crop yields. All this affects the increase in production costs.
In this regard, in order to eliminate these disadvantages, it is proposed to use planting units with sectional fluted rollers with a modified shape of the flute profile on serial seed drills for sowing cereals.
The paper presents theoretical studies on the technological process of a planting unit operation with a modified shape of the flute profile of the sectional roller. A schematic representation of the planting unit with a modified shape of the flute profile of the sectional roller is shown. The main parameters of the sectional roller to be determined (b - width of the sectional roller flute; h - depth of the sectional roller flute; Δ - width of the partition between adjacent flutes of the sectional roller; Sf - cross-sectional area of the flute of the sectional roller) are also indicated. The physical and mechanical properties of wheat seeds of the ‘Fotinya’ variety, which are necessary for the theoretical calculations, are presented. To determine the cross-sectional area, a diagram with the dimensions of the flute of the sectional roller is presented.
Since there are currently no theoretical studies to determine the design parameters of this roller, this work is relevant.
Keywords: planting unit, sectional roller, modified shape of flute profile, seed drill, cereal crop, seeds.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.003
UDC 621.436

CONTROLLING THE PARAMETERS OF AN AUTOMOTIVE TRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE DURING DI-AGNOSIS AND RUNNING-IN USING A DYNAMIC LOAD METHOD
S.V. Timokhin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
A.N. Morunkov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"

The technologies of automotive tractor diesel engine running-in with the use of running-in brake stands or driving stations have a number of technical (high power and dimensions), economic (high cost of equipment, high fuel consumption, need for special areas for running-in diesel engines) and environmental (increased emission of pollutants with exhaust gases into the atmosphere) disadvantages. They complicate their widespread use and necessitate the development of alternative tech-nologies for non-braking running-in of diesel engines for automotive tractors with dy-namic loads, as well as means for their implementation and control of diesel engine running-in parameters. Since the production of the small portable analog-digital de-vice IMD-CM has been discontinued, a microprocessor-based diesel engine parameter meter MIPD-1 is proposed, which allows the measurement of controlled parameters (crankshaft rotational frequency, angular accelerations of engine acceleration and de-celeration, effective power and power of friction losses) during running-in, acceptance tests and diagnosis of automotive tractor diesel engines by dynamic loading method in the range of rotational frequencies up to 9999 min-1 and a measurement accuracy of the controlled parameters of 1-2 %. Experimental studies have shown that the MIPD-1 device can be used as an independent diagnostic device and as a device for measur-ing the parameters of automotive tractor diesel engines during running-in with dynam-ic load in combination with the automated control systems for the running-in of diesel engines with dynamic load developed at Penza State Agrarian University.
Keywords: diesel engine, running-in, controlled parameters, dynamic loading cycle, microprocessor.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.002
UDC 621.436

METHOD OF COLD RUNNING-IN OF AUTOMOTIVE TRACTOR ENGINES AND DEVICE FOR ITS REALIZATION
A.N. Morunkov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
S.V. Timokhin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"

When operating the machinery and tractor fleet of agricultural enter-prises, some of the most important tasks are minimising the downtime of vehicles and self-propelled agricultural machinery during operation, reducing the cost of their maintenance, restoration and repair. The means of propulsion of mobile agricultural machinery are usually automotive tractor engines. The technical reliability of both the power unit and the self-propelled machine as a whole depends on compliance with the technology of production, overhaul and ongoing repairs. The final stage of engine production or repair is technical running-in. At the same time, the cold running test of engines is the first stage of the running-in process of new or repaired engines, which is usually carried out on running-in and brake stands or driving stations, which have large dimensions and capacities, high cost and limited application in agricultural en-terprises and dealerships for the maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural ma-chinery. The mentioned disadvantages are eliminated by the development of technolo-gies for the brake-free cold start of automotive tractor engines with dynamic load, which are carried out directly on mobile agricultural machinery. In order to perform the stage of cold running-in of engines without removing them from the tractor ma-chinery, a method of cold running-in of automotive engines with the use of autono-mous driving devices is proposed, which are installed instead of standard electric starters and allow to perform cold running-in of engines directly on the automotive machinery. The parameters of the driving devices (power, rotation frequency) were theoretically substantiated, a prototype of the autonomous driving device was devel-oped, and its laboratory and production tests were carried out with the cold start mode of VAZ-21067 and ZMZ-409 engines.
Keywords: automotive tractor engine, running-in, autonomous drive device, high-frequency electric motor, frequency converter.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.71.3.020
UDC 636.2.034.087.24

EFFECT OF BUFFER ADDITIVES WITH YEAST ON THE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS
D.M. Fertikova, postgraduate
E.M. Kislyakova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
N.V. Selezneva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
V.O. Fertikov, student
Udmurt State Agrarian University,
Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Currently, the problem of rumen acidosis in cows is very relevant and widespread. Various preventive feed products, in particular buffer additives, are used in the diets of cows. The composition of buffer additives includes yeast as an effective component. It is relevant to study the comparative efficiency of probiotic yeast as part of buffer additives in the diets of highly productive cows. The purpose of our research was to compare the efficiency of using buffer mixture with yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus in the diets of highly productive cows and their effect on dairy productivity. The study was conducted in AO Voskhod in the Sharkansky district of the Udmurt Republic. To achieve this goal, three groups of cows were formed using pairwise comparative method, 10 heads in each group. The animals were in a milking group, had basic diet in the form of monofeed, which included the following feeds: straw, grain-legume silage, corn silage, compound feed, corn grain, sunflower meal, rapeseed cake. In addition to the basic diet, cows of the first experimental group were given 300 g of buffer additive with the inclusion of yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus per head per day, in the second experimental group a similar buffer additive with the same dosage was used but with the inclusion of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The use of buffer mixtures in cow diets increases milk yield for the first hundred days of lactation by 7.3-7.8% (P ≥ 0.95). Improvement of the functional parameters of the rumen in the most physiologically stressful period has an aftereffect on the entire lactation. This made it possible to obtain 6.7% more milk from the cows of the experimental group during 305 days of lactation (P ≥ 0.95), with an increase in the yield of milk fat and milk protein.
Keywords: rumen acidosis, cow, buffer additive, yeast, milk productivity.

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