UDC 635.657:661.152.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.016

YIELDS OF CHICKPEA VARIETIES WITH AGROCHEMICAL APPLICATION IN THE SOUTHERN NON-CHERNOZEM REGION
D.V. Vinogradov^1,2, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor
M.V. Evsenina², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
E.I. Lupova², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
¹M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
²Ryazan State Agrotechnological University by P.A. Kostychev Ryazan, Russia mailto:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article presents data from a study on the effect of the complex fertilizer Folirus Stimul (aq. sol.) on chickpea crops in Ryazan Oblast. Proper organization of the plant nutrition system, including foliar feeding, is crucial for effective chickpea cultivation and the formation of high-quality yields. The study examined the use of three foliar applications of the complex fertilizer Folirus Stimul (aq. sol.) to chickpea plants during the vegetation period. Nutrient deficiencies significantly reduce chickpea yields and grain quality. Particular attention should be paid to the levels and availability of the micronutrients – molybdenum and boron. Applying foliar fertilizers to chickpea crops during the growing season with the studied agrochemical Folirus Stimul (aq. sol.) improved crop structure and increased the yield of the Avatar and Volzhanin varieties. There was an increase in protein content in the chickpeas of the studied varieties. On average over the study period (2024–2025), the highest chickpea yield was observed in the group that received three foliar applications of Folirus Stimul (aq. sol.) fertilizer at a rate of 4.0 L/ha. The yield increase for the Avatar chickpea variety was 13.8% compared to the control, and 11.6% for the Volzhanin variety, indicating the high effectiveness of the proposed method in chickpea cultivation practices.
Keywords: chickpeas, complex fertilizer, agrochemicals, yield, grain quality.

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UDC 581.132+633.88
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.009

PHOTOSYNTHETIC POTENTIAL OF ECHINACEA PURPUREA PLANTS IN THE SECOND GROWING SEASON
S V. A. Gushchina¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.O. Nikolskaya², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; Deputy Director;
N.Yu. Lobanova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
G.V. Ilyina¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8 (8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Branch of FBI «RCFH» – Forest Protection Center of the Penza Region, Russia

The rate of leaf area growth and the size of the assimilative apparatus of cultivated plants directly depend on the agricultural technologies applied. Echinacea purpurea during the early flowering cycle cannot compete with weeds. Therefore, from 2016 to 2018, for highly productive agrocenoses the effect of different agricultural technologies on photosynthetic potential of Echinacea purpurea plants in the second growing season was examined in the meadow-chernozem soil at the Penza State Agrarian University collection plot. The largest photosynthetic surface area during all growing cycles was formed by agrocenoses of winter crops, where, to control weeds, the soil was chemically treated with Lazurit, SP (0.5 kg/ha) before the flowering cycle, followed by spraying with the herbicide Miura, KE (0.6 l/ha) in the 2-4 leaf stage of annual and perennial cereal weeds. At the stem elongation stage, the leaf area was 40.29 thousand m2/ha, within the bud stage it increased by 7.79 thousand m2/ha, and during the flowering cycle it reached a maximum of 50.28 thousand m2/ha. When weeding manually, the data was slightly lower. During the stem elongation stage, the leaf area was only 1.50 thousand m2/ha less, within the bud stage – by 1.32, and during the flowering cycle – by 0.34 thousand m2/ha. The photosynthetic potential in the first growing season was maximum – 1,516 thousand m2 · day/ha. A particularly significant advantage was achieved by applying herbicides twice, so the photosynthetic potential in the second growing season was 1,679.5 thousand m2 · day/ha. The maximum net productivity of photosynthetic potential of 2.63g/m2 ∙ day was observed during the bud-flowering cycles, when leaf area rapidly increased to its maximum and without any sharp decline for a long time. The highest value of 3.02 g/m2 ∙ day wad gained with the Miura herbicide treatment in the 2-4-leaf stage of early spring sowing.
Keywords. Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic productivity, sowing, weed control, herbicide.

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UDC 633.367:657.478.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.018

IMPACT OF LUPINE SEEDS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TREATMENT ON REDUCING POULTRY FARMING EXPENSES
¹Polyakova E.V.– Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
¹Alekseeva S.N. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
²Boryaev G.I. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor,
¹Saraikin E.S. – postgraduate, ¹Nosov A.V. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
²Balobanova N.P. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Synergy University

Maximizing efficiency in poultry farming requires the considerable improvement of organizational and technological processes at poultry farms. Poultry farms and feed mills have to control diet composition to in-crease the poultry genetic potential with the high-quality feedstuff and the cost-effective approach. Quality requirements in the modern poultry industry depend on the level and quality of protein feeding. Protein is the main micronutrient for high-quality meat. Currently, the alternative plant protein sources are becoming highly important, such as white lupine seeds, which contain 33-39% protein. Lupine is a relatively new crop in the Penza region. Therefore, it is necessary to study the possibilities of lupine cultivation in the Penza region, as well as technological methods of white lupine seeds treatment to provide nutrition to poultry birds and im-prove their digestion.
The research, carried out by the Penza State Agrarian University scientists, confirmed the hypothesis that partially replacing soybean meal with barohydrothermally treated lupine seeds had a beneficial effect on the metabolic processes of poultry, facilitating the genetic potential of broiler chickens. Since feed accounts for the majority of production expenses, it was noted that in the group where 50% of soybean meal protein was replaced with treated lupine protein, expenses decreased by 3.75% compared to the control group. This cost reduction directly impacts production costs. The cost per kg of the carcass in the second experimental group was 17.8% lower than in the control group, and 3.2% lower than in the first experimental group. Includ-ing lupine in animal diets, along with processed soy or sunflower products, gives new opportunities for feedstuff improvement. It could allow feed producers to use more affordable feedstuff resources and reduce expenses significantly.
Keywords: lupine, broiler chickens, feeding, efficiency, cost price, live weight.

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UDC 621.436.03
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.014

OPERATION OF THE TRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE WITH DISTRIBUTED SUPPLY OF THE AIR-ACTIVATOR MIXTURE AT THE INTAKE
A.P. Ukhanov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
M. V. Ryblov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to improve the energy and environmental performance parameters of a trac-tor diesel engine with a CSRDI chamber (developed by the Central Scientific Research Diesel Institute) by dis-tributing the AAM (air-activator mixture) to the cylinders during the intake stroke using an electronic system. The article describes the device and operating principle of an electronic system for distributed AAM supply and presents design options for an electrical signal converter that functions as both an activator injection timing sensor and a crankshaft rotation frequency sensor. Experimental studies of the system were conducted on an engine test stand equipped with a KS-56/4 dynamometer, an MMZ D-243-648 diesel engine, and measuring equipment for determining load, crankshaft rotation frequency, engine fuel consumption, activator and air flow, and the content of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases. The diesel engine, in addition to the standard fuel system with mechanical fuel supply control, was also equipped with the developed system for distributed AAM fuel supply.
As liquid activators, DT-L-62-K5 summer diesel fuel, ethanol, AI-92 gasoline, and binary fuels (50% rape-seed oil + 50% diesel fuel and 70% AI-92 gasoline + 30% ethanol) were used. Research results show that dis-tributed enrichment of the air charge with an activator, depending on its type and dose, increases the effec-tive power of the diesel engine by 7–16% and reduces the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gases by 39–74% in idle mode and by 6–25% in nominal mode.
Keywords: tractor diesel, electronic system, air-activator mixture, energy-environmental indicator.

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