UDC 633.367:657.478.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.018

IMPACT OF LUPINE SEEDS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TREATMENT ON REDUCING POULTRY FARMING EXPENSES
¹Polyakova E.V.– Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
¹Alekseeva S.N. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
²Boryaev G.I. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor,
¹Saraikin E.S. – postgraduate, ¹Nosov A.V. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
²Balobanova N.P. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Synergy University

Maximizing efficiency in poultry farming requires the considerable improvement of organizational and technological processes at poultry farms. Poultry farms and feed mills have to control diet composition to in-crease the poultry genetic potential with the high-quality feedstuff and the cost-effective approach. Quality requirements in the modern poultry industry depend on the level and quality of protein feeding. Protein is the main micronutrient for high-quality meat. Currently, the alternative plant protein sources are becoming highly important, such as white lupine seeds, which contain 33-39% protein. Lupine is a relatively new crop in the Penza region. Therefore, it is necessary to study the possibilities of lupine cultivation in the Penza region, as well as technological methods of white lupine seeds treatment to provide nutrition to poultry birds and im-prove their digestion.
The research, carried out by the Penza State Agrarian University scientists, confirmed the hypothesis that partially replacing soybean meal with barohydrothermally treated lupine seeds had a beneficial effect on the metabolic processes of poultry, facilitating the genetic potential of broiler chickens. Since feed accounts for the majority of production expenses, it was noted that in the group where 50% of soybean meal protein was replaced with treated lupine protein, expenses decreased by 3.75% compared to the control group. This cost reduction directly impacts production costs. The cost per kg of the carcass in the second experimental group was 17.8% lower than in the control group, and 3.2% lower than in the first experimental group. Includ-ing lupine in animal diets, along with processed soy or sunflower products, gives new opportunities for feedstuff improvement. It could allow feed producers to use more affordable feedstuff resources and reduce expenses significantly.
Keywords: lupine, broiler chickens, feeding, efficiency, cost price, live weight.

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UDC 621.436.03
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.014

OPERATION OF THE TRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE WITH DISTRIBUTED SUPPLY OF THE AIR-ACTIVATOR MIXTURE AT THE INTAKE
A.P. Ukhanov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
M. V. Ryblov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to improve the energy and environmental performance parameters of a trac-tor diesel engine with a CSRDI chamber (developed by the Central Scientific Research Diesel Institute) by dis-tributing the AAM (air-activator mixture) to the cylinders during the intake stroke using an electronic system. The article describes the device and operating principle of an electronic system for distributed AAM supply and presents design options for an electrical signal converter that functions as both an activator injection timing sensor and a crankshaft rotation frequency sensor. Experimental studies of the system were conducted on an engine test stand equipped with a KS-56/4 dynamometer, an MMZ D-243-648 diesel engine, and measuring equipment for determining load, crankshaft rotation frequency, engine fuel consumption, activator and air flow, and the content of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases. The diesel engine, in addition to the standard fuel system with mechanical fuel supply control, was also equipped with the developed system for distributed AAM fuel supply.
As liquid activators, DT-L-62-K5 summer diesel fuel, ethanol, AI-92 gasoline, and binary fuels (50% rape-seed oil + 50% diesel fuel and 70% AI-92 gasoline + 30% ethanol) were used. Research results show that dis-tributed enrichment of the air charge with an activator, depending on its type and dose, increases the effec-tive power of the diesel engine by 7–16% and reduces the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gases by 39–74% in idle mode and by 6–25% in nominal mode.
Keywords: tractor diesel, electronic system, air-activator mixture, energy-environmental indicator.

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UDC 631/3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.020

ADVENCED TECHNOLOGIES AND FERTILIZERS CAS FOR INTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT
V.A. Milyutkin¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Profes-sor; S.N. Nemtsev³, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences; O.A. Blinova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; G.V. Knurova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Fellow
¹Samara State Agrarian University, Kinel, Russia, tel. 8-927-264-41-88, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia;
³Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin, Ulyanovsk, Russia

In the Russian Federation spring and winter durum wheat cultivation is increasing due to its demand and profitability. In particular, the Samara varieties of spring durum wheat, bred by Doctor of Agricultural Sciences P.N. Malchikov, are well-known and cultivated not only in the Volga region, but also far beyond. To increase the productivity and quality of durum wheat, Samara State Agrarian University and Penza State Agrarian University carried out the following research with various technologies, including the application of both traditional mineral fertilizers – nitrogen (CAS-32, carbomide, ammonium nitrate), and innovative mineral fertilizers such as liquid nitrogen-containing – CAS+S, and granulated – ammonium sulfate nitrate, carbomide+S from KuibyshevAzot. These fertilizers, with equivalent nitrogen content, in combination with the sulfur mesonutrient, which is deficient in soil, provided an increase in yield up to 12-58% in different years and improved grain quality, depending on the fertilizer and application technology. Innovative liquid nitrogen fertilizers CAS-32 and CAS+S require specialized technologies and equipment for their effective application, and the multifunctional, agrochemical, modular, and innovative Tuman complex from Pegas-Agro LLC (Samara) is the best choice. The CAS-32 and CAS+S liquid fertilizers are possible to apply successfully in agriculture only with a balanced system of logistics equipment (storage, transportation, and distribution) and efficient fertilizer application, which Samara-based machinery and equipment can fully ensure. The long-term research, carried out at Samara State Agrarian University with Samara fertilizers and innovative technologies, made it possible to develop an effective technology for the fractional application of liquid fertilizers to agricultural crops in the agro-industrial complex.
Keywords: wheat, durum, cultivation, technology, fertilizer, nitrogen-sulfur-containing, liquid, application, equipment, yield, quality.

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UDC 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.019

MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF HOLSTEIN CATTLE OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN
V.V. Lyashenko, Doctor of Agriculture Sciences, Professor,
I.V. Kaeshova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
A.V. Gubina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
N.Yu. Chupsheva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Dairy farming is one of the key sectors of animal husbandry, addressing food security challenges in Russia. Dairy farms and complexes, innovative technologies, and productive and breeding qualities of animals were improved in recent years. Breeding of stud bulls to ensure a highly productive herd for each individual farm is of great importance nowadays.
This article deals with the research on the impact of Holstein breeding lines and stud bulls on the productivity of cows after the third lactation period. The research was carried out on a modern dairy farm with loose housing and milking on high-capacity milking machines. The total number of cows in the breeding herd was 5,799 with a milk yield per cow in 2024 of 12,333 kg. Herd management was carried out in accordance with the breeding plan. Animal productivity was evaluated with the DairyComp software.
The Vis Back Ideal 933122 and Reflection Sovereign 198998 lines were evaluated. From each line four stud bulls with breed of no less than 12-48 daughters were selected. Cows' milk productivity and reproductive capacity were assessed.
The research results revealed no significant differences in the main indicators of milk productivity, while the Vis Back Ideal 933122 line were better in calving per year from 100 cows and the duration of the service period. Differences in productive qualities of the daughters of stud bulls were more significant.
To sum up, it should be noted that the farm has organized high-quality breeding management to select stud bulls for improving the breeding herd.
Keywords: milk productivity, Holstein breed, cows, line, stud bulls, lactation, reproductive capacity.

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