UDC 633.11«324»+631.81.095.337
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.016

WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY WITH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS AND RETARDANTS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION
A.S. Shcherbakov, Postgraduate;
S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. +79004682721, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of three years of field research (2022–2024) conducted at the educational and experimental farm "Ramzai" of Penza State Agrarian University. The study examined the effect of combined applications of microelement fertilizers and retardant-type growth regulators on the productivity, grain quality, and economic efficiency of cultivating the winter wheat variety Bezostaya 100. The research was carried out as a two-factor experiment: factor A was foliar treatment with microfertilizers (Ultramag Combi, Aquamix ST, Go drip Micro), and factor B was treatment with growth regulators (HEFK, Moddus, Constando). The results showed that the agricultural techniques studied had a statistically significant effect on crop formation and grain quality indicators. The highest yield (4.94 t/ha) was obtained with the combination of Aquamix ST microfertilizer and HEFK growth regulator, exceeding the control by 0.53 t/ha. Application of the Eberhart-Russell method revealed differentiated ecological plasticity among the variants: combinations with Aquamix ST demonstrated increased responsiveness under favorable conditions (bi = 1.10–1.16), while variants with Go drip Micro showed stability under stressful conditions (bi = 0.88–0.92). Regarding grain quality, the greatest effectiveness was observed when Ultramag Combi and Constando were used together, with raw gluten content reaching 24.0%. A negative correlation was found between protein content and yield (R = -0.84). Economic analysis confirmed the high profitability of the agricultural techniques used, reaching 102.6% in the variant with the combined use of Aquamix ST and Constando. The results indicate the potential of the combined application of microelement fertilizers and growth regulators to increase the efficiency of winter wheat production in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region.
Keywords: winter wheat, microelement fertilizers, retardants, yield, grain quality, ecological plasticity, economic efficiency.

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UDC 633.15
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.024

EFFECT OF FOLIAR TREATMENT WITH MICROFERTILIZERS ON CORN YIELD
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.V. Gavryushina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.S. Paliychuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The concept of mineral nutrition of agricultural crops is currently being improved and, in recent years, foliar treatment with microfertilizers has become a common agricultural technique in the cultivation of corn. This article deals with the effect of foliar application with complex fertilizers containing microelements on photosynthetic activity and green mass yield of corn. The research was carried out in 2023-2024 at Konstantinovo, JSC (Penza region), on leached chernozem. Field experiments were conducted in quadruplicate, using generally accepted methods. Complex fertilizers containing microelements, such as Aktiv Azot, Plantafid, Mikrovit-3 (zinc chelate), Mikrovit K-1 (iron chelate), and Akvarin Universal were used for foliar feeding. Foliar treatment with Mikrovit-3 (zinc chelate) had the greatest effect on photosynthetic activity, increasing the average leaf surface area by 35.7% and the photosynthetic potential by 35.8%. Dry matter formation was more intense with the Aktive Azot fertilizer treatment. The assessment of productivity showed that the best results were obtained with Mikrovit-3 (zinc chelate), which increased green mass yield by 60.6% and dry matter by 53.8%. Foliar treatment with Azot Aktiv fertilizer resulted in increases of 24.9% in phytomass and 43.0% in dry matter.
Keywords: corn, complex fertilizers with microelements, green mass, photosynthetic activity, yield.

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UDC 633.853.483
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.015

PRODUCTIVITY OF SAREPTA MUSTARD DEPENDING ON SOWING DATES
O.D. Zanozina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Research Officer
"Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre
V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops",
Russia, Krasnodar, 89002988359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a promising crop with multiple uses. It is in demand in the food industry, animal husbandry, and agronomy as a green manure crop. In the search for alternative fodder sources and efforts to reduce chemical impacts on ecosystems, this issue becomes especially important. Studies investigating the effect of sowing dates on seed and green mass yield formation, biochemical composition, and the dynamics of macroelement accumulation in the biomass of Sarepta mustard under the agroecological conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem were conducted on the experimental fields of the central experimental base of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2021-2023. The experiments showed that the earliest sowing date ensures maximum crop productivity, with the highest yields of seeds (1.70 t/ha), green mass (26.66 t/ha), and dry mass (4.68 t/ha). At this sowing time, there is also intensive accumulation of the main mineral nutrients in the above-ground biomass of the crop: 137.1 kg/ha of nitrogen, 19.0 kg/ha of phosphorus, and 128.8 kg/ha of potassium, indicating optimal use of the region's agroclimatic resources. Delays in sowing lead to a statistically significant reduction in yield and deterioration in seed quality, particularly a decrease in fat content from 46.7% to 44.8%. Although late sowing results in lower yields and a decline in several biochemical indicators, it positively affects the nutritional value of Sarepta mustard green mass, which can be included in cattle diets. Specifically, the protein content in 1 kg of dry matter increased by 23.2 g, fat by 12.3 g, forage units by 0.06, and metabolizable energy by 0.3 MJ. This underscores the importance of optimizing sowing times to use resources efficiently and achieve maximum productivity of Sarepta mustard.
Keywords: Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sowing time, green mass, dry biomass, yield, oil content of seeds, oil harvesting, nutritional value.

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UDC 633.367:636.085
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.018

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF DUCKS AND POULTRY PRODUCTIVITY AFTER ADDING BAROHYDROTHERMAL TREATED LUPINE IN THEIR DIET
Polyakova E.V.¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
Boryaev G.I.², Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Saraykin E.S.¹, postgraduate student,
Nosov A.V.¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
Balobanova N.P.², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, Tel. 628-151, e-mail This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Moscow University of Finance and Industry "Synergy"

Advanced feeding methods are used to maximize poultry productivity on an industrial scale. The use of genetically improved poultry crosses in combination with optimally balanced feeds makes it possible to achieve significant results in the production of poultry products. The main components supplying protein are soybean meal and fish meal, most of which are purchased abroad and are of satisfactory quality. Finding alternative protein sources can help overcome shortages and reduce dependence on imports.
One promising option is the white lupine. Its advantages include a high protein content, high yield potential, drought resistance and a small amount of fiber. As part of a scientific study aimed at reducing the level of anti-nutritional substances, lupine seeds were processed using the barohydrothermal method and enriched with yeast.
In a scientific study on ducks of the SK-6 cross, the effect of treated lupine seeds on productivity was studied. In the conditions of the Penza State Agrarian University vivarium, three groups of birds with 20 heads each were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues. The poultry of the control group received standard compound feed. For the poultry of the first experimental group, the standard compound feed was replaced with 25% treated lupine seeds, which make up the weight of soybean meal in the diet. The second experimental group received standard compound feed, in which part of the soybean meal (50%) was replaced with treated lupine seeds. As a result of adding treated lupine in the diet in the first experimental group, there was a significant increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum of ducks by 6.8% compared with the control. There was a tendency to increase in the live weight of ducks of the first experimental group by 4% compared with the control group. It has been established that the most optimal dose for introducing barohydrothermal treated lupine followed by yeast enrichment into the diet of ducks is 25% replacement of soybean meal with this type of feed mixture in the poultry diet. The results obtained indicate that the issue of expanding the feed raw material base for protein components requires continued research and a comprehensive approach, including the development of advanced technologies for treatment of lupine seeds, the selection of new crop varieties with a reduced content of alkaloids, as well as optimizing the formulation of feed, taking into account the specifics of all components used.
Keywords: lupine, barohydrothermal treatment, meat productivity, fattening ducks, yeast.

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