UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.015

ASSESSMENT AND BREEDING OF PARENTAL PEA PLANTS
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,
R.M. Bakaldin, postgraduate, I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”,
tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Current research is devoted to pre-selection of parental pea plants. Assessment of pea plants was carried out according to the main quantitative options in the frame of the plant productivity. The following indicators were evaluated: “number of beans per plant”, “the number of seeds per plant” and “pure mass of seeds per plant”. Only samples with positive standard deviation from the mean value were selected for further breeding. The research is aimed at selection of parental pea plants by the main quantitative options, based on the established criteria using variation statistics methods. Assessment of parent pea plants from the hybrid population F5 by the main quantitative options made it possible to select samples with the criteria: by the number of beans per plant –145 samples or 59% of the total sample; number of seeds per plant – 56 samples or 23% from the total sample; by weight of seeds per plant – 107 samples or 44% from the total sample. The most efficient samples for breeding were PP-72, PP-15, PP-3, PP-4, PP-173, PP-197 with high values for all quantitative options examined. These pea plants represent transgressive forms and account for 2.5% of the total sample. The selected parent pea plants are recommended to use in further researches for obtaining new lines in pea breeding.
Keywords: pea, selection, quantitative options, parental plants, productivity.

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UDC 633.844.2
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.014

PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE MUSTARD IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT VARIOUS SEEDING RATES
S.S. Korolev, postgraduate;
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

White mustard growing expands the range of oilseed crops for agricultural enterprises with the opportunity to reach economic goals. In order to increase the sowing area and productivity of mustard seeds, it is necessary to select the varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region forest-steppe zone and to determine their efficient seeding rate. The research was carried out on the meadow-chernozem soils at the experimental plot of Penza State Agrarian University. Three white mustard varieties (Sinapis Alba L.) were examined: Lyutsiya (control), Bella and Omega with seeding rates of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 (control), 2.5 and 3.0 million viable seeds per hectare. The seed germination rate was determined by the moisturizing degree in the seed layer of the soil, which did not depend on the number of sown seeds and was at the level of 79.0-79.4%. It was highest in the Bella and Lyutsiya varieties. The survival rate of plants varied between 72.9-75.0%., their quantity before harvesting was 118.3-145.4 pcs/m2. This number of plants is formed when sowing seeds of 2.0 and 2.5 million pcs/ha. For the Bella variety, the quantity was 123.0-150.6 pcs/m2, for the Lyutsiya and Omega varieties it decreased to 115.0-143.9 pcs/m2. The Bella variety plants branched more intensively. With an increase in stem density, their branching decreased from 8.3 to 4.9 pcs. With increasing plant density, the weight of 1000 pcs. decreased from 5.93 to 5.02 g. The most productive was the Bella variety with 1.92 t/ha, the Lyutsiya variety was lower only at 0.28 t/ha in comparison. The Omega variety was characterized by low seed productivity (1.36 t/ha). Depending on the seeding rate, the seed yield varied from 1.30 to 1.87 t/ha, and the highest was formed at seeding rates of 2.0-2.5 million.
Keywords: white mustard, variety, seeding rate, weather conditions, seed germination, safety, survival, seed productivity.

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UDC 633.854.54
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.011

TECHNOLOGY FOR THE CULTIVATION OF OILSEED FLAX, ADAPTED TO THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION OF AN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
V.A. Guschina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.S. Ruzov, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

With the worsening geopolitical situation in the world, flax has become extremely important not only for the food industry, but also for other sectors, occupying niche market positions. In Russia, the area for flax cultivation is increasing. Therefore, the analysis of flax cultivation under production conditions that depend on natural factors, biological characteristics of the crop and the available material and technical base of the agricultural enterprise is of particular importance. In this regard, the experience of growing oilseed flax in the LLC "Biokor-S" (Mokshansky district, Penza region), located in the zone of unstable moisture in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, was studied. On average over four years (2021-2024), the seed yield of oilseed flax under the established technology was 0.99 t/ha, the content of toxic substances did not exceed the permissible levels, and no genetically modified organisms were found. Agrocompany "Biokor-S" regards oil flax as an alternative to sunflower. However, it does not replace it, but complements it in the crop rotation structure. Increasing the diversity of crops makes it possible to optimize technological processes in field cultivation, expand the product range and improve production efficiency.
Keywords: oilseed flax, cultivation experience, harmful objects, yield, oilseeds, raw material quality.

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UDC 574.23: 574.24: 577.2.01
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.008

CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON PLANTS OF THE BC4F7 GENERATION UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
N.R. Rakhmatova, (PhD), Senior Research Officer; A.Kh. Makamov, (PhD), Head of Laboratory;
A.S. Imamkhodzhaeva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
N.N. Khusenov, (PhD), Head of Laboratory; Zh.K. Norbekov, (PhD), Head of Laboratory;
U.A. Boykobulov, Research Assistant; Sh.O. Kushakov, Research Assistant;
Z.T. Buriev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Chief
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This work shows the correlation of morphological and physiological traits (dry weight of a plant, stem, root, live weight of a plant, stem, root, plant height) and chlorophyll and carotenoid content of cotton in 30 families of the BC4F7 generation of genomically complex hybrids grown under laboratory conditions with artificially induced salt stress (200 mM NaCl solution). The amount of photosynthetic pigments was found to vary depending on salt stress.
Chlorophyll "a", chlorophyll "b" and carotenoids were analyzed for their content under salt stress. A significant decrease in chlorophyll "a", chlorophyll "b", total chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed under salt stress conditions compared to optimal conditions. Under artificial salinization conditions, the morphological traits and the content of chlorophyll "a", "b", total chlorophyll and carotenoids of 30 families of the BC4F7 generation of genomically complex hybrids were studied against the background of five control cotton varieties and lines. Based on the results of the analysis of photosynthetic complex pigments, 17 families (O-3, O-5, O-6, O-12, O-13, O-14, O-15, O-16, O-18, O-21, O-23, O-27, O-28, O-32, O-33, O-34 and O-35) were recommended as resistant to salinization conditions.
Keywords: genomically complex hybrid, family, morphological and physiological traits, correlation, chlorophyll "a", chlorophyll "b", SPAD -502, carotenoids, salinization.

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