UDC 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.003

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROSSBREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDS ON THE IMMUNE STATUS OF COW COLOS-TRUM
A.S. Karamaeva1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,
S.V. Karamaev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
I.R. Gazeev2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor,
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. 8-927-651-88-54, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, tel. 8-987-015-06-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of different types of crossbreeding between the Black and White and Holstein breeds on the chemical composition and immune status of the colostrum of crossbred cows with different blood content to improve the breed. The material of the research was the first milking colostrum and calves obtained from crossbred first-calf cows at introductory, backcross, reproductive and absorbing crossings. It was found that in terms of dry matter content in colostrum, crossbreds with ⅝ G blood content were superior to ½ G by 0.8% (P < 0.05), ¼ G by 0.4% and 15/16 G by 1.4% (P < 0.001). In terms of the mass percentage of fat in the dry matter of the colostrum, ⅝ G crosses were superior to ½ G by 0.5% (P < 0.001), ¼ G by 0.1% and 15/16 G by 0.7% (P < 0.001). In the first portion of cow colostrum, proteins are the most abundant fraction. The difference in the mass fraction of proteins in the dry matter of the colostrum was 0.5% (P < 0.01); 0.3% (P < 0.05); 0.9% (P < 0.001), respectively. The difference in the content of globulins in the proteins of the colostrum, which provide protective function for an organism, was 0.2 % (P < 0.05); 0.3 % (P < 0.001); 0.5 % (P < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, the concentration of immunoglobulins was 7.3 % (P < 0.001); 3.2 % (P < 0.05); 11.0 % (P < 0.001) higher. Thus, the increase in Holstein blood in the absorbing crossing and the decrease in the backcrossing leads to a significant deterioration in colostrum quality and an increase in calf morbidity.
Keywords: breed, types of crossing, blood content, crossbred cows, colostrum, chemical composition, immunoglobulins.

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UDC 577.3, 633.9
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.018

EVALUATION OF COTTON RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT CAUSED BY THE LOCAL STRAIN FOV4 BASED ON CHANGES IN GOSSYPOL AND SALICYLIC ACID CONTENT
A.S. Imamkhodzhaeva1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
N.R. Rakhmatova1, (PhD), Senior Research Officer;
Sh.O. Kushakov1, Research Assistant; Z.Z. Yuldasheva1, Research Assistant;
A. Mamadzhanov3, Research Assistant; V.V. Uzbekov2, Senior Research Officer;
Sh.R. Khusanbaeva1, Research Assistant; Z.T. Buriev1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Chief
1Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics Uz AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after O. Sodikov Uz AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Fusarium wilt of cotton is a serious disease that reduces the yield of this crop. The most productive way to combat this disease is to introduce resistant varieties into production. When the plant is infected with the pathogen, there is an increased production of terpenoids in the plant cell, particularly gossypol, which helps to inhibit the development and spread of the pathogen in the cotton seedling tissue. An endogenous phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA), plays a special role in resistance to pathogenic fungi. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic responses to FOV4 infection of the Bardosh variety in comparison to resistant (R-4, R-630), moderately resistant (RM-2200) and susceptible (S-609) samples in relation to gossypol and salicylic acid levels. Gossypol and SA were identified by HPLC analysis of cotton leaf extracts. Analysis of the results showed that the Bardosh variety reacted as resistant to FOV4.
Keywords: cotton, resistance, pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, FOV4, gossypol, salicylic acid.

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UDC 633.853.483
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.015

EVALUATION OF WHITE MUSTARD PRODUCTIVITY IN ITS CULTIVATION FOR SEEDS
A.S. Korolev, Postgraduate; V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Mustard is an alternative to sunflower, whose oil is an obligatory component of the human diet. It occupies a special place in crop production due to its early maturity, ease of cultivation and resistance to pests and diseases. However, due to the climatic peculiarities of the regions and the low effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, it cannot be grown to its full potential. Therefore, the determination of the optimal level of mineral nutrition and the study of the conditions for the use of liquid organo-mineral fertilizers in the system of foliar fertilization is relevant. The studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem soil of the FSBEI HE "Penza SAU" collection site. The sowings of white mustard of the Lutsia variety were fertilized with Agree`s Sulfur at the leaf rosette stage and with Agree`s Boron during budding and at their combination. The weather conditions in the first year of the study were favorable, with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.5. The following year was characterized by irregular rainfall (hydrothermal coefficient – 0.3). The highest germination (78.0-78.7 %) and preservation (66.3-70.7 %) were observed in crops with mineral fertilizer application in the rate of N32P32K32. Moreover, the highest number of plants to harvest (140 pcs/m2) was observed when the treatments of mustard were combined with Agree`s Sulfur and Agree`s Boron. The highest number of pods (66.0 pieces) and the largest seeds (4.95 g) were obtained with two foliar treatments of N32P32K32. The highest seed production per plant (1.45 g) is also observed here. The number of seeds in a pod varied only insignificantly and amounted to 3.0-4.4 pieces. The seed yield from the treatment of the plants with the organic-mineral fertilizers Agree`s Sulfur at the leaf rosette stage and Agree`s Boron during the budding stage on the background of N32P32K32 reached 2.07 t/ha and exceeded the control by 0.50 t/ha. In the double foliar treatment of plants with preparations on the background of N16P16K16, the yield was 1.2 times lower. The minimum yield (1.18-1.65 t/ha) was achieved on natural soil fertility.
Keywords: white mustard, weather conditions, macro- and liquid organomineral fertilizers, field germination, preservation, survival, yield.

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UDC 631.524.84+666.951+631.867
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.016

CROP PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DIATOMITE AFTEREFFECT AND DOUBLE APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE
D.A. Lyulin, Postgraduate; A.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
E.E. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study was to determine the productivity of crops in a grain–fallow–row crop rotation under the residual effect of diatomite and repeated application of poultry manure. Studies have shown that the residual effect of diatomite in combination with the double application of poultry manure to the soil has the greatest influence on the formation of elements of the yield structure of winter wheat, corn, and spring wheat. The article shows that diatomite at rates from 4 to 10 t/ha in the fifth year after its introduction into the soil has no significant influence on the elements of the yield structure of cereal crops such as the number of productive stems, the number of grains in the ear and the weight of 1000 grains. The elements of the yield structure of corn were not significantly affected by the after-effect of diatomite at rates of 4 and 6 t/ha. The maximum productivity of grain–fallow–row crop rotation was achieved by the after-effect of diatomite in combination with repeated application of poultry manure. The productivity of winter wheat in the experimental variants with diatomite and repeated application of poultry manure varied between 4.19 and 4.47 t/ha of grain, of corn between 9.70 and 10.42 t/ha of grain and of spring wheat between 3.13 and 3.41 t/ha of grain.
Keywords: winter wheat, corn, spring wheat, diatomite, bird manure, grey forest soil, crop structure, productivity.

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UDC 577: 577.2: 577.21
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.009

INCREASING PLANT RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS BY SILENCING THE IMPORTANT ENDOGENOUS FUSARIUM VERTICILLIOIDES GENE LAE-1 IN COTTON
I.E. Bozorov, Junior scientific worker; M.M. Darmanov, (PhD), Senior scientific worker;
N.N. Khusenov, (PhD), Senior scientific worker; T.M. Norov, (PhD), Senior scientific worker;
M.S. Ayubov, (PhD), Senior scientific worker, Z.T. Buriev Senior scientific worker
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Fusarium wilt of cotton (Gossypium spp.) is caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum (FOV). This disease leads to significant losses of cotton crops in cotton-growing countries around the world. Currently, there are two methods of combating wilting disease – chemical and biological. However, due to the economic and environmental disadvantages of chemical control of wilting, cotton-growing countries are less likely to use this method. Therefore, the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of pathogen control is relevant. Currently, the use of modern genomic technologies in the combat against pathogenic organisms is of great importance for breeders. In this study, we tried to disable the LAE1 gene, which is important for the vital activity of fungi. Using HIGS technology, it was possible to partially suppress the activity of the LAE1 gene in cotton. The obtained transgenic lines were infected with the FOV pathogen under phytotron conditions in a threefold repeat. It was found that the incidence of transgenic plants was significantly lower than in control plants, and the onset of disease symptoms was delayed. The results obtained will serve as an important source in the creation of resistant and high-yielding cotton varieties against the FOV pathogen in our country in the future.
Keywords: Gossypium spp., transgenic plant, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp vasinfectum, HIGS, LAE1.

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