UDC 631.372: 004.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.002

DETERMINATION OF AN EFFECTIVE MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING OPERATING MODES OF DIESEL ENGINE
S.V. Kalachin¹, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; K.Z. Kukhmazov¹, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.A. Murog², Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin”, Ryazan, Russia

The presentday development of technological progress in agriculture is based on the widespread introduction of high-tech equipment, which is based on artificial intelligence technologies into production, in particular on the basis of machine learning, which is the most significant and exciting of its subsections. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to develop a method of investigation of the efficiency parameters of existing machine learning algorithms for solving a practical problem, which is prediction of the operating modes of a diesel engine. The solution of the problem was carried out on the basis of the developed computer research method based on the capabilities of the high-level programming language Python, which is a computer model for conducting a computational experiment. Any researcher with elementary knowledge in software development can use th is software to process their own data set. The result of the study showed that each machine learning algorithm for solving a specific practical problem has its own disadvantages and undeniable advantages. But the main efficiency criteria by which the work of any software product is evaluated are the accuracy of the result and the time (speed) of the program code execution. Therefore, to predict the operating modes of a diesel engine, the DecisionTreeRegressor (Decision Tree) is the most effective of the analyzed machine learning algorithms.
Keywords: machine learning, algorithm, operating mode, diesel engine, forecast accuracy, memory consumption, execution time, program code.

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UDC 636.32/.38
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.018

LIVE WEIGHT AND EXTERIOR FEATURES OF CROSSBRED YOUNG ANIMALS OF THE KALMYK FAT-TAILED BREED WITH THE CHAROLLAIS STUD RAMS
I.S. Rubtsova¹, Postgraduate; S.O. Chylbak-ool¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences; E.V. Pakhomova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; A.N. Arilov², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy", Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Kalmyk Research Institute named after M.B. Narmaev – branch of "Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences", Elista, Russia

The article analyzes the data on the results of crossing of Kalmyk fat-tailed ewes with stud rams of the Charollais breed in the conditions of the Yashkulsky District of the Republic of Kalmykia. The exterior measurements were evaluated and the body conformation indices of the crossbred young animals were calculated. The work was carried out under the conditions of the experimental farm "ARL" of the Kalmyk Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.B. Narmaev of the Republic of Kalmykia. The animals were kept under the same housing and feeding conditions. The data obtained indicate that the young animals resulting from the crossing of the Kalmyk fat-tailed breed with the Charolais rams are characterized by a harmonious conformation: the ewes were superior to the rams in the indices of long legs, metacarpal circumference, forehead width and hook bone width by 3.0; 0.6; 10.1; 2.3 % respectively. The body indices of the rams were 10.6, 25.2, 2.5, 0.6, and 2.8 % higher for the other indicators, namely chest, pelvis-chest, massiveness, overgrowth and large head, respectively. In terms of live weight, absolute and average daily gain, the rams outperformed the sheep by 4.5 kg or 12.4 % and 38 g or 12.6 % respectively. As far as the growth intensity of the crossbreed young animals of the two groups is concerned, the indicators were approximately at the same level with 157.3-159.5 %, but the rams were 2.2 % higher. The work was carried out within the framework of the topic "Biotechnological methods of reproduction and genomic technologies in the selection of farm animals and the preservation of the gene pool of small breeds" as part of the project "Scientific and Technological Frontiers" under the "Priority 2030" program.
Keywords: sheep farming, Kalmyk fat-tailed breed, exterior, live weight, Charollais.

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UDC 636.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.009

CORRELATION BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR INDICATORS AND MILK YIELD OF HOLSTEIN COWS
O. A. Basonov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, A.S. Kulatkova, Applicant at the Department of "Particular Zootechnics and Breeding of Farm Animals"
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, tel.: +79877576211; +78312143349 (ext.533); e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

Nowadays, some scientists have demonstrated a close relationship between the exterior and productivity of cows, which is an expression of a certain metabolism. However, when selecting animals, it is important to consider a number of indicators that have a complex effect on milk productivity. It is therefore necessary to determine the degree of their influence in the combination. Studies to evaluate milk productivity, exterior and interior characteristics of the farm animals were carried out in the OOO "Plemzavod named after Lenin" on two groups of cows of the Holstein breed, distributed according to the method of housing. The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between the exterior and interior indicators of cows and milk productivity depending on the method of housing. As a result of the investigations carried out, it was found that cows kept in tethers had a milk yield of 8434 kg in 305 days of lactation and the highest mass percentage of fat (4.09 %) and protein (3.18 %) was found in the group of cows kept in loose housing. The highest milk yield coefficient of tethered cows was 1506 kg. As far as body indices are concerned, the animals studied were characterised by long legs (44.73-45.39%), long body (113.42-113.895), large stocky body (121.4-121.92) and overgrowth (1.5.79-106.24). However, animals of loose housing method outperformed their peers in the chest index by 11.06 absolute values, which was due to the influence of locomotion. It was found that all the animals examined were characterized by good health and a good immune system. The content of formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes) and albumin also correspond to the norm in all the animals studied. The degree of influence of housing method on exterior indicators of the cows (chest depth) was of average strength (0.68). A high degree of influence was found in relation to the phosphorus content in the blood (0.80). A reliable difference was found for all interior indicators except calcium and erythrocytes.
Keywords: housing method, first-calf cows, exterior, interior, milk productivity, body points.

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UDC 633.162:631.58:631.53.041
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.016

THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF DIRECT SEEDING OF SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
A.L. Toigildin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.A. Toigildina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; D.E. Ayupov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Nekhodin, graduate student; L.R. Mukhametvaleev, graduate student; G.A. Chizhikova, graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ulyanovsk Stolypin State Agrarian University”, Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8-(8422)55-95-75, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In conditions of growing prices for fixed and circulating assets of crop production, the search for agrotechnologies aimed at increasing the economic efficiency of production is relevant. The purpose of the study is to give an economic assessment of the technology of direct seeding and to substantiate the norms for the application of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of barley in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. Evaluation of the efficiency of the technology of direct seeding of spring barley in comparison with the recommended technology of its cultivation (factor A) in the conditions of the norms of mineral fertilizers (factor B: 0 – without fertilizers; B1 – N45 P30K30; B2 – N90P60K60) was carried out at the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University based on stationary field experience. Studies have shown that in the arid conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region, direct seeding allows for an increase in barley yield in comparison with the recommended technology. Mineral fertilizers with a norm of N45P30K30 increased the yield of barley by 25.6% relative to the variant without fertilizers using traditional technology and by 24.7% using direct seeding, with payback of 7.1 kg of barley grain per 1 kg of fertilizer. Increasing the norms of mineral fertilizers to N90P60K60 increased yields, but their payback decreased. Direct seeding requires 40-41 l/ha less fuel, and in general, costs decreased by 1030-1974 rubles/ha or 3.0-10.0% compared to the recommended technology. According to the technology of direct seeding, in the conditions of introduction of N45P30K30, the largest conditional net income was obtained – 17,563 rubles/ha, with production profitability level of 62.9%. Increasing the norm of mineral fertilizers application to N90P60K60 significantly reduced the economic efficiency both in the recommended technology and in direct seeding.
Keywords: direct seeding, barley, norms of mineral fertilizers, economic efficiency.

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