UDC: 338.434
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.021

IS THE SUPPORT OF NOVICE FARMERS A MYTH OR A REALITY?
R.I. Dubin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; R.A. Arslanova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Babakova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Astrakhan Tatishchev State University”, Astrakhan, Russia, tel. 8(8512)24-66-52, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

State support for agricultural production is one of the key forms of government influence on the level and rate of economic development of regions, the welfare of the population, the distribution of resources and income. The main goal of state support is to ensure the financial stability of the agro-industrial complex and to increase the number of farmers. The agro-industrial complex of the Astrakhan region has maintained positive dynamics for a number of years, occupied a leading position and been a key element of the socio-economic development of the region. The implementation of the Agrostartup grant project within the framework of the program to support novice farmers in the Astrakhan region allowed both experienced and novice farmers to create or expand their farms, as well as provide additional permanent jobs. The article presents an assessment of the implementation of the Agrostartup project in the Astrakhan region in dynamics from 2019 to 2022. Over the years of the program's implementation, more than 300 applicants have become participants in the competition. As a result of the competitive selection, 124 applicants were recognized as winners. The analysis of the data showed that most of the grantees' projects, over the years of research, have been aimed at the development of the animal husbandry and crop production industry, the rest are accounted for by farmers engaged in activities in the field of aquaculture and processing of agricultural products.
Keywords: agro-industrial complex, state support, novice farmer, subsidy, crop production, animal hus-bandry

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UDC 336.02
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.020

EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME OF THE RURAL POPULATION: REGIONAL ASPECT
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor; N.M. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor, Yu.Yu. Rassypnova, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the rating position of the regions of the Volga Federal District according to the main indicators of socioeconomic development, the Penza Region belongs to the category of outsiders in terms of population, natural growth, average per capita income, average monthly nominal accrued wages, unemployment rate. The problems of demography, employment, unemployment and wages in rural areas deserve special attention. The decline in the permanent population, depopulation processes in rural areas, reduction of employment and real wages negatively affect labor for the agricultural production. The study of these processes in comparison with other subjects of the Volga Federal District is relevant and reflects the regional specifics of factors affecting the rural labor market. The peculiarity of the study is that the article provides information on the dynamics of the effective indicators of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region, the availability of its labor resources, the number of permanent population, income level and the development of social infrastructure in rural areas. The conclusion is made about the relationship of these elements, the use of systematic and integrated approaches in the study of processes in the rural labor market of the Penza region. The use of state support funds within the framework of the regional program of integrated rural development will contribute to the activation of rural employment.
Keywords: labor resources, employment of the population, rural area, remuneration.

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UDC 665.7.035 + 665.753
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.019

METHOD FOR THE INTEGRAL ESTIMATION OF HEAT RELEASE DURING THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION OF MOTOR FUELS IN A MULTI-CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE USING EXPANDED INDICATOR DIAGRAMS
D.A. Ukhanov¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; D.A. Manshev¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.P. Ukhanov¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
¹Federal Autonomous Establishment "The 25th State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia;
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To estimate the heat release during the combustion of new or modified diesel fuels in the delayed combustion and afterburning phases on the expansion line of the expanded indicator diagram of a diesel engine, a new method has been developed which consists of determining the difference between the areas bounded by the fuelinjected and non-fuel-injected indicator diagrams, as well as the ordinates of the start of the delayed combustion phase and the start of stabilization of the minimum cylinder gas pressures at the end of the expansion stroke. This area of the indicator diagram is calculated in conventional units (c.u.) by numerical integration using the trapezoidal rule when the diesel engine is running on experimental and control fuels at different load and speed modes. If the obtained difference of the areas of indicator diagrams, which is considered as an integral indicator of heat release, does not exceed the rejection value of 0.0025 c.u., then, the new or modified fuel is recommended for use in a full-size diesel engine together with pre-determined regulated indicators of physical, chemical and operational properties.
Keywords: diesel fuel, expanded indicator diagrams, combustion process, heat release, estimated indica-tors.

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UDC 631.33.022.6
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.015

FIELD STUDIES OF A SEEDING UNIT OF A GRAIN SEEDER WITH INCLINATION OF RIDGES AND GROOVES AND PARTITIONS OF THE GROOVES OF A FLUTED ROLLER
A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; A.Yu. Vershigorov, postgraduate student; R.R. Devlikamov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

One of the main and most significant working bodies of a grain seeder remains the seeding unit due to the fact that the quality indicators of sowing depend on its work (unsatisfactory spread of seeds per unit length or seeding space, inaccuracy of the established seeding rate, as well as seed crushing). Not all seeding units comply with the necessary requirements during the operation, therefore, scientists of the Penza State Agrarian University have designed, manufactured and studied the seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclination of ridges, grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller. During laboratory and field studies of the seeding unit of an ordinary seeder with inclination of ridges and grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller, the spreading of seeds per unit length of spring wheat of the Bezenchukskaya 200 variety, the inaccuracy of the established seeding rate and the crushing of the seed material depending on the translational speed of the ordinary seeder were investigated. In the course of laboratory and field studies of the seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclination of ridges and grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller, it was found that the interval of the values of speed of an ordinary seeder V from 7.7 to 10.8 km/h can be considered the best, since at these values the unsatisfactory spreading of seeds per unit length or seed spacing, the inaccuracy of the established seeding rate decreases, as well as seed crushing. When using an experimental seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclination of ridges and grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller, the uneven distribution of seeds along the length of the groove, the instability of the total seeding and crushing of the seed material decreases.
Keywords: seeding unit, grain seeder, ridge, seeds, roller.

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