UDC 631.331.53
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.014

DESIGN OF A DRILLING MECHANISM MADE IN THE FORM OF A ROLLER WITH A FINELY TOOTHED PROFILE TO SOW FLAX SEEDS
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; A.A. Zakharov, postgraduate student; A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The technological process of sowing seeds of annual small-seeded crops using the example of flax seeds imposes special requirements to the schemes of existing drilling mechanisms. Currently, in Russia and in other foreign countries, a roller feed remains one of the most popular mechanical drilling mechanisms, but they also do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements to sow seeds of annual and perennial small-seeded crops. This is primarily due to the physico-mechanical properties of the seeds themselves. As a result, during the operation of the drilling mechanisms, there is an increase in the unsatisfactory spreading of seeds along the length of the row or an uneven seeding space. The stability of the overall seeding rate decreases, which, in turn, leads to increased consumption and bruising of sown seeds. The work is relevant for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation since it is aimed at improving the quality indicators of sowing small-seeded crops using the example of flax seeds of the "Severny" variety by improving its technological process and the design scheme of the sowing mechanism. The article describes the design and technological scheme of the designed drilling mechanism containing a roller with a fine-toothed profile to sow seeds of annual small-seeded crops, such as flax seeds of the "Severny" variety. When working with a new drilling mechanism containing a roller with a fine-toothed profile for sowing flax seeds of the "Severny" variety, the unsatisfactory spreading of the seeds along the length of the groove is reduced, as well as bruising of the seed material, which will further lead to an increase in the biological yield of the crop produced.
Keywords: shape, roller, fine-toothed profile, drilling mechanism, small-seed crops, seeds, seeder.

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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.013

THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A SEEDING DEVICE MADE IN THE FORM OF A WASHER WITH A FINELY TOOTHED PROFILE AND A SEED GUIDE FOR SOWING FLAX SEEDS
A.A. Zakharov, postgraduate student; A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The materials of the article are devoted to the relevant topic: improving the quality indicators of annual small-seeded crops sowing using the example of flax seeds of the Severny variety. These include a satisfactory layout of seeds along the length of a row or a uniform sowing spacing, the stability of general seeding and bruising of the seed material, by improving the technological process of work and the design scheme of the seeding apparatus, made in the form of a puck with a finely toothed profile and a seed guide.The paper describes the design scheme and the principle of operation of the designed seeding apparatus containing a puck with a fine-toothed profile and a seed guide for sowing seeds of annual small-seeded crops (flax seeds of the Severny variety), and also presents the results of theoretical research on finding the technological parameters of the seeding apparatus made in the form of a puck with a fine-toothed profile and a seed guide. As a result of theoretical research, analytical dependencies were found that allow determining the volume of grooves of the designed puck with a fine-toothed profile, moreover, there was determined the volumetric weight of flax seeds of the Severny variety, ejected by a puck with a fine-toothed profile in one turn by the designed seeding apparatus.
Keywords: theoretical justification, puck, surveys, fine tine profile, seeding apparatus, small-seed crops, seeds, flax.

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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.012

LABORATORY STUDIES OF A SINGLE-DISC COULTER WITH EPICYCLOIDAL GROOVES
V.A. Sipunov, postgraduate student; V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of higher education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, t. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The aim of the research was to improve the quality of sowing of spring wheat of the Zlata variety with a pneumatic seeder with a developed single-disc coulter with grooves in the form of an epicycloid, which allows to increase the uniformity of seed distribution over the sowing depth. The article reflects that the previously known designs of tined, single-disc and double-disc coulters have significant traction characteristics, cannot provide suitable copying of the field relief, forming an extensive furrow, which is not easy to close up. Aforementioned negatively affects the uniformity of the distribution of seeds of spring wheat of the Zlata variety both along the length of the row and the depth of sowing. The article proposes the design of a disc coulter, which has grooves in the form of an epicycloid contourwise and the results of laboratory studies. The regression equation of the second order is obtained, with the help of which the optimal values of the design parameters are determined, the cutout depth 𝑙 = 0.026...0.031 m (0.02655788 m); the number of cutouts 𝑞 = 10...11 pieces (10 pieces); the diameter of the coulter disc 𝑑 дд= 0.38 ...0.42 m (0.4170157 m), while the optimization parameter is ϭ (mean square deviation seed distribution by row depth) will be 1,9002923616.
Keywords: seeder, laboratory studies, single-disc coulter with epicycloidal grooves, sowing, seeds, soil.

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UDC 631.313.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.011

LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE CULTIVATOR RIPPER ROLLER FOR SECONDARY TILLAGE
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences; A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences; R.R. Khabibullin, postgraduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of higher education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, tel. 89379127279, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The paper is devoted to an urgent problem of improving the quality of secondary tillage. It is noted in the article that the quality performance of combined preparations for secondary tillage of loamy chernozems does not comply with the agrotechnical requirements fully. There is a description of the design of proposed cultivator ripper roller for secondary tillage and of an experimental installation for laboratory studies to substantiate its optimal structural and operational parameters. There is a methodology for conducting research according to the theory of planning a three-factor experiment. The optimization criterion is the degree of crumbling of the soil, which is characterized by the percentage of lumps less than 50 mm in size in the sample. There were selected the most significant factors (tooth length l, roller diameter d, operation speed𝜗 ), their levels and variation intervals. The matrix of the orthogonal compositional plan of the second order was compiled. Having processed the experimental data on a PC using Microsoft Excel and Statistika, an adequate second-order model that describes the dependence of the optimization criterion on the studied factors was obtained. Calculations were given and response surfaces of the degree of crumbling of the soil and their two-dimensional sections were constructed. The analysis of two-dimensional values shows that the optimal ones are: tooth length 𝑙 = 0.041 m, diameter of the loosening roller d = 0.293 m and operation speed 𝜗 = 1.95 m/s, while the degree of soil crumbling is more than 97.0%.
Keywords: combined aggregate, cultivator, secondary tillage, loosening roller, loosening roller share, soil channel, optimization criteria, degree of crumbling.

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