UDC 633.32+631.531.027
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.017

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE OF THE SKOROSPELKA VARIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
D.S. Plyasunov¹, postgraduate student; S.A. Kshnikatkin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; V.V. Konovalov², Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Technological University, Penza, Russia

In order to obtain maximum yield, ensure the quality of the resulting crop, as well as reduce production costs, researchers are currently attracted to various methods of stimulating plant growth and development, without which it is impossible to imagine modern crop cultivation. The use of growth regulators is one of the effective factors in the formation of highly productive crops of field crops. Epin-Extra and Agate-25 Super are among the most popular preparations. An increase in the production of a valuable crop of jerusalem artichoke, due to the improvement of its cultivation technology with the help of these preparations, can become a source of an increase in environment friendly feed. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the effect of drugs on the development and provision of a stable and high-quality Jerusalem artichoke crop. In the conditions of unstable moistening of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, a research was carried out to study the features of plant formation and yield of Jerusalem artichoke of the Skorospelka variety under the influence of tuber treatment, non-root treatment and complex treatment of tubers with double foliar treatment of plants with growth regulators Epin-Extra, Agate-25 Super. The experience was laid on the collection site of the Penza State Agrarian University in 2020-2022 on meadow-chernozem soil according to generally accepted methods. Because of the growth regulator application, the indicators of the elements of the structure of the tuber harvest increased in relation to the control. The height of plants varied from 165 to 187.6 cm, the largest mass of aboveground part was 911.5 g, of tubers 1237.1 g, average yield was 22.58 t/ha. The Skorospelka variety is well adapted for growing tubers in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. Effective and environmentally safe methods of increasing yields and improving the quality of Jerusalem artichoke are the treatment of tubers before planting, followed by double foliar fertilization of plants with growth regulators. An increase in yield is observed on average by 5.16 t/ha, the predominance of the share of large tubers by 43.78%.
Keywords: jerusalem artichoke, tubers, growth regulators, biological features, treatment methods, non-root processing, crop structure.

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UDC 633.15+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.010

FORMATION OF CORN YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; I.V. Gavryushina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Paliychuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of yield and grain quality of corn in relation to environmental factors such as plant density and the level of mineral nutrition. A decrease in grain weight per cob was observed with increasing stand density of corn plants, especially with increasing density of 80 to 100 ths.pcs./ha. Transfer of part of nitrogen in top dressing and application of N120P90K60 promoted grain weight growth per cob by 37.0-38.0%, in the same varieties. Higher grain yields were obtained in variants with nitrogen fertilization and fertilization at the rate of N120P90K60, in addition, 1.73-1.74 t/ha of grain or 46.2-46.6% to the control was obtained. In these variants, an increase in grain yield was observed up to an overcrowding of 80 ths.pcs/ha, and when plant density was further increased, productivity decreased by 3.8 and 9.7 %. The highest protein content was observed in crops obtained in variants with nitrogen fertilization. With increasing overcrowding of crops, an increase in the mass percentage of protein and crude fiber was observed, but there was a clear pattern of decrease in crude fat content. The energy supply of the grain did not change depending on the plant density and the level of mineral nutrition.
Keywords: corn, grain, fertilizers, density, yield, protein, fat, metabolizable energy.

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UDC 633.49:577.57
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.006

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS OF POTATO REGENERATE PLANTS OBTAINED BY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
F.I. Babadzhanova¹, Research Assistant; Kh.A. Ubaydullayeva¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences,
Head of Laboratory; V.S. Kamburova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
E.A. Latypova², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Bolkiev¹, Research Assistant;
S.A. Abdullaev¹, Research Assistant; A.N. Abdullaev¹, Research Assistant;
Z.T. Buriev¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory
¹Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, tel. +998 90 959-93-84, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (9680) 32-19-80, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Potato is the main food crop both in the world and in Uzbekistan. However, abiotic and biotic stresses lead to lower potato yields To solve these problems, new varieties must be obtained using modern methods of genomics and biotechnology, which is not possible without micropropagation. Phytohormones play an important role in the process of potato micropropagation. Due to the great influence of hormones on the processes of plant development, their role in the stages of potato growth and development has been studied. Our study summarizes the effects of the phytohormones kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth and development of new biotech potato lines generated by RNA interference (RNAi) technology of the phytochrome B (phyB) gene during somatic embryogenesis. Phytochrome B is a plant photoreceptor for red/far-red light. In potato, it mediates photoperiodic control of tuber formation in a negative regulatory mechanism by inhibiting its initial stages. Consequently, suppression of phyB expression by RNAi could lead to an increase in tuber number. The effects of different concentrations of kinetin and BAP on plant growth, number of nodes, and formation and development of the root system of potato RNAi lines during somatic embryogenesis in micropropagation were studied. The highest plant growth and development were obtained when a growth medium containing 1.0 mg/L kinetin was used. This combination increased plant height in all biotech lines and contributed to more efficient root system formation.
Keywords: potato, in vitro, kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Murashige and Skoog, micropropagation.

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UDC 633.88+661.162.66
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.003

FORMATION OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AGROCENOSES WITH THE USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; E.A. Kutikhina, Postgraduate; N.V. Fayustova, Master
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Modern agricultural technologies widely use growth regulators of biological origin that do not have mutagenic effects on medicinal plants, increase their resistance to environmental stresses, and affect productivity, which depends on the formation of healthy seedlings. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the effect of biological growth regulators on the field germination of Calendula officinalis seeds and the safety of plants after foliar feeding in the leaf rosette phase with the same preparations. The two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2020-2022 on the collection plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" on meadow-chernozem soil. Seeds of Calendula officinalis varieties Kalta and Zolotoe More were pre-soaked in water (control) and in growth stimulants Bioduks, Agrostimul, Tsirkon, Krezatsin and then fed with the same preparations at the phase of three pairs of true leaves. On average over three years, it was found that the variety Zolotoe More had the highest field germination (79.1%). It was lower by 3.3 % in the variety Kalta. The greatest effect was obtained by seed treatment with Agrostimul and Bioduks, whose stimulation allowed to obtain 82.2 and 80.0% of seedlings in the first variety and 79.8 and 77.9% in the second variety, with plant density of 38.5 and 37.2 pcs./m2, respectively. The safety of the plants was almost the same, 79.9 % and 80.1 %, and it reached 82.1% when Tsirkon was used. In the variety Zolotoe More, where Bioduks and Tsirkon were applied twice, the plant survival rate was 64.4 and 65.0%, respectively. When they were used on the variety Kalta, it increased to 63.0 %. In terms of moisture conditions, the most optimal year was 2022, when plant survival rate for the variety Zolotoe More was 60.1...67.5 %, and for the variety Kalta – 56.0...67.5 %
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, growth regulators, field germination, density, safety, survival rate, agrocenosis.

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