UDC 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.75.3.013

MILK YIELD DYNAMICS IN PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED COWS DURING THE PEAK MILKING PERIOD
I.R. Gazeev¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
S.V. Karamaev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
A.S. Karamaeva², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, tel. 8-987-015-06-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. 8-927-651-88-54, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of breeding purebred and crossbred dairy and dual-purpose cows in the Southern Urals and Middle Volga region. Four groups of fifteen animals each were formed from the corresponding breed types: I – purebred black-and-white breed, II – crossbred with black-and-white Holsteins, III – purebred Bestuzhev breed, and IV – crossbred with red-and-white Holsteins. It was found that high milk yields in crossbred animals lead to a more pronounced decline in body condition during the peak lactation period. On the 100th day of lactation, the body condition score of crossbred cows was 0.25–0.5 points lower than that of purebred animals. Due to increased milk yield during the first lactation, crossbred black-and-white cows produced 13.9% more milk over 305 days of lactation than purebred cows (P < 0.001), and Bestuzhev cows produced 14.1% more (P < 0.001). During the second lactation, the increases were 12.4% (P < 0.001) and 12.1% (P < 0.001), and during the third lactation, 15.5% (P < 0.001) and 12.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. At the same time, the proportion of milk yield during the first lactation period, relative to the total 305-day lactation, was higher in purebred black-and-white cows by 1.4% and in Bestuzhev cows by 0.7%; in the second lactation by 0.7% and 0.7%; and in the third lactation by 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively. This indicates a more even distribution of milk yields throughout lactation and explains the higher productivity of crossbred cows. However, the increased stress on the animals' bodies resulted in a higher culling rate of crossbred cows as they aged. After the first lactation, 20.0% of animals were culled in group I, 33.3% in group II, 6.7% in group III, and 20.0% in group IV. After the second lactation, the culling rates were 41.7%, 60.0%, 21.4%, and 33.3%, respectively.
Keywords: breed, breed type, cow, peak milking period, milk yield, lactation, body condition.

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