UDC 631.46+ 582.28
DOI10.36461/NP.2024.72.4.006

EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPOST FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WASTE ON THE MICROBIOCENOSIS AND STRUCTURE OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor;
S.A. Sashenkova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
D.Yu. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Solving the problem of soil fertility depletion under conditions of intensive land use is one of the main problems in agriculture. Traditionally, organic and mineral fertilizers are used for this purpose. However, in modern conditions, technologies that ensure the conservation of resources and the protection of the environment are preferred. Therefore, the development of bioconversion of agricultural waste is relevant, which makes it possible to solve several problems, including improving economic efficiency.
However, the question of the effects of various fertilizers and composts on the microbiocenosis and soil structure, including the leached chernozem, is of interest to experts due to the lack of studies and the lack of clear results. This is due to the complexity of microbial degradation processes and the transformation of fertilizers in the soil, which depend on many factors, ranging from soil type and climatic conditions to the biological characteristics of the cultivated plants.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the application of compost based on poultry manure and fungal substrate on the microbiocenosis and the structure of leached chernozem in spring wheat agrocenosis.
The study showed that the use of compost significantly increased the number of microorganisms in the soil. Thus, in the tillering phase, it increased 2-3 times compared to the control. The density of the arable layer and the water-stable aggregates also decreased. The maximum softening effect of 0.20-0.29 g/cm3 was observed in the variants with the application of organomineral fertilizer and fungal compost in the tillering phase, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the agronomically valuable fractions of 8.7 and 11.3 % was found in the variants with the application of organomineral fertilizer. The content of water-stable aggregates increased significantly with the use of compost. It increased by 5.1-8.1 % when using the fungal compost, by 9.5 and 9.8 % for manure and litter of natural destruction, and by 10.3 and 12.1 % for organomineral fertilizer.
Keywords: compost, organic fertilizers, leached chernozem, microbial number, agronomically valuable fractions, water-stable aggregates.

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