DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.014
UDC:631.53.048

INFLUENCE OF PRECEDING CROPS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Manukyan I.R., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Research Officer
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Basieva M. A., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Research Officer
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North Caucasus Research
Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Federal Centre
"Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Russia, the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Mikhaylovskoye

The main task of agricultural production is to constantly increase soil fertility and crop yields, including further growth in grain production based on the application of scientifically sound cultivation systems. Grain production is the leading branch of agriculture in southern Russia. Here, up to 60 % or more of the arable land is cultivated with cereals, with winter wheat being the main food crop, accounting for one third of the cultivated area. In the republics of the North Caucasus, winter wheat and grain corn predominate among the grain varieties. The most important agricultural techniques at present are the choice of the previous crop and the method of basic tillage, as protection and preservation from undesirable human influences and changes to the natural environment is one of the most urgent problems of our time. Considering that the potential productivity of winter wheat is fully realized when it is cultivated on a good agricultural background with the best preceding crops, our goal is to study and select the preceding crops to achieve maximum grain productivity. The results of the research conducted in 2019-2022 showed that in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, soybeans are the best preceding crop for the winter wheat varieties studied. The average yield of the Deya, Grom and Kuma varieties was 6.4, 6.0 and 4.7 t/ha, respectively, when sown with this soybean preceding crop. When cultivated after corn, this indicator averaged 4.8, 3.5 and 3.3 t/ha for the varieties studied.
Keywords: winter wheat, forecrop, fertility, productivity, humidity, grain weight per ear.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.013
UDC 633.63+631.82

EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF PARENTAL FORMS FOR HYBRIDIZATION IN THE BREEDING OF NONDRUG MONOECIOUS HEMP
V.A. Serkov*, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
O.K. Davydova**, Postgraduate
I.P. Koshelyaeva**, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
*Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, Russia, tel. 8 (4822) 41-61-10 extens. 313, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
**Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract. The article presents the results of the evaluation of parental forms of different origins. In order to obtain valuable parent material of monoecious hemp, varieties of the Central Russian ecotype (Surskaya, Vera, Nadezhda, Yuliana) and the southern ecotype (Zenitsa, Omegadar 1, Kubanka, Yuzhanka) were included in the crossing. The purpose of the study is to determine the presence of genetic divergence between the varieties of the Central Russian and southern ecotypes and to justify the selection of parental forms for hybridization in the breeding of nondrug monoecious hemp. Statistical characteristics of the main indicators of quantitative traits of the southern and Central Russian ecotypes are given. As a result of the studies carried out, data were obtained that allow a general conclusion that the parental varieties of different ecotypes included in the hybridization with the purpose of obtaining new parent material for hemp breeding have a 95 % probability of genetic distance in the following traits: length of vegetation period, plant height, weight of 1000 seeds, weight of seeds per plant and yield characteristics expressed by the amount of fiber obtained from a unit area. The use of parental forms characterized by hereditarily different traits and characteristics in the hybridization increases the likelihood that new valuable recombinant forms will be selected for hemp breeding.
Keywords: breeding, hemp, ecotype, nondrug variety, hybridization, parental forms.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.012
UDC 633.351:631.522/.524

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF LENTIL SAMPLE VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
G.A. Maslova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Research Associate;
T.V. Larina, Research Assistant;
S.A. Guseva, Senior Research Associate;
O.S. Nosko, Junior Research Associate
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn", Saratov, Russia,
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The article presents the results of the variability of seed yield and the damage degree to the cell membranes of plants of lentil sample varieties and identifies promising samples for further work on the selection of varieties characterized by drought tolerance. Samples of small-seeded and large-seeded lentils were selected as research objects. The experiment was carried out in 2021-2023 at the experimental field of the Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Rossorgo". The hydrothermal coefficient for the period from sowing to flowering in 2021 and 2023 was 0.86, and in 2022 – 0.84. The average variability of seed yield in the large-seeded samples was 15.12 % and ranged from 0.74 to 1.00 t/ha, while in the small-seeded samples a significant variability (24.65 %) was observed, ranging from 0.56 to 1.20 t/ha. For the experiment, several promising samples were selected for the investigated feature: k-2850 and k-3061 (large-seeded lentil), k-1978, k-2872 and k-2365 (small-seeded lentil). Conductometric measurements of electrolyte yield from the plant leaves were performed during the flowering stage of the lentils to further compare the results of the selected drought-tolerant samples in terms of seed yield. The environmental factor significantly affected the damage degree to the cell membranes of lentil leaves in the three-year studies. In different years, the damage was 9.74 % in 2021, 12.15 % in 2022 and 8.58 % in 2023. The small-seeded lentil samples k-1894, k-2839 and k-2872 as well as the large-seeded lentil sample k-2850 were identified by a low electrolyte yield from the plant tissue and thus by a high tolerance. According to the complex evaluation in the study of lentil varieties in the conditions of the Lower Volga region, the most drought-tolerant variety in the experiment was the small-seeded lentil k-2872 (the seed yield was 1.20 t/ha). The data obtained are confirmed by the low values of the damage degree to the cell membranes of plant leaves (6.95%). Among the large-seeded lentil samples, it was k-2850 (the seed yield at 1.00 t/ha and the damage degree of 6.10%).
Keywords: variety sample, lentil, membrane permeability, damage degree, drought tolerance, yield.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.009
UDC 633.63+631.82

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PARENT MATERIAL IN THE SELECTION OF MONOECIOUS HEMP
V.A. Serkov*, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
V.V. Koshelyaev**, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
O.K. Davydova**, graduate student
*Federal Scientific Center of Fibre Crops, Russia, tel. 8 (4822) 41-61-10 ext. 313, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract. This article shows the statistical characteristics of the new parent material according to the main morphological features: plant height, technical stem length, stem diameter and panicle length. It contains a correlation and regression analysis of the relationships between the height of plants and the technical length of stems, their diameter and the length of the inflorescence. As a result, the general parameters and the nature of the variability of the main morphological features of the new seed hemp parent material were established. It is shown that the feature "plant height" has a strong correlation with the technical length of the stem and its diameter. For breeding practice, it is recommended to carry out the primary selection of breeding material on the basis of "plant height". The selection should be carried out among a set of forms in which, according to the results of statistical analysis, the values of plant height are located in the positive region of three times the standard deviation from the average value of the trait. The potential effectiveness of the selection is justified by the fact that the technical length and diameter of the stem determine the yield of the fiber.
Keywords: seed hemp, parent material, morphological features, hybridization, plant height, technical stem length, stem diameter, inflorescence length.

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