DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.016
UDC 334.78

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SECTOR AS A FACTOR TO IMPROVE ITS EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
A.V. Nosov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Penza State Agrarian University, +79022047771, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
O.A. Tagirova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Penza State Agrarian University, +79656385748, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
M.Yu. Fedotova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Penza State Agrarian University, +79656385748, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
L.B. Vinnichek, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, tel. 89050164668, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
E.S. Zontikova, student, Penza State Agrarian University, +79631012978, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals to improve the efficiency of the country's agricultural sector by activating the processes of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The object of the study was the mergers and acquisitions market in the agro-industrial sector of the Russian Federation. The proposed directions for solving the problem of reducing the efficiency of the agro-industrial sector and for achieving the goals set by the Strategy for the Development of agro-industrial and fisheries sectors imply a trend towards consolidation and integration of the industry through the growth of mergers and acquisitions. These processes should lead to improving efficiency of concentration and redistribution of industrial, technical, financial, labor and other resources of the subjects of integrated formations, an increase in maneuverability and efficiency in their use, as well as the introduction of innovative developments. Currently, mergers and acquisitions in the agro–industrial sector occupy a small share of about 6% in the total volume. However, there is a huge potential reserve in the field of vertical integration: due to high inflation and rising costs, agricultural holdings will be able to reduce corporate risks by controlling costs along the entire production chain. In modern conditions, the agro-industrial complex of Russia can develop successfully only if balanced relations are ensured between agriculture, processing sector and sale of products, as well as industries producing means of production for it.
Keywords: agro-industrial sector, mergers and acquisitions, consolidation, integration, sanctions, M&A transactions.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.011
UDC 338.43.436.33

ORGANIZATIONAL, ECONOMIC AND SPATIAL ASPECTS OF PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE OF THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY
¹A.A. Ivanov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
²D.Yu. Samygin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
¹S.N. Alekseeva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
¹V.A. Matveev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
¹R. Botnar, Student
¹Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 89273680695, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State University", Penza, Russia, tel. 89063985932, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

The article analyzes various sources of financing for the restoration and development of the material and technical base of agricultural commodity producers in modern conditions, including the current measures of state support. The key trends in the development of the material and technical base of agriculture, aimed at introducing high-performance agricultural machinery and equipment into production, have been identified. On the one hand, it provides an increase in labor productivity, reduces the cost per unit of production, solves the problem of the lack of highly qualified machine operators in the agricultural sector of the economy, and introduces intensive technologies of agricultural production. On the other hand, a drastic increase in the productivity of machinery leads to a significant increase in its costs and increases the loads per season. As a result, the risks of partial crop loss due to equipment failure during peak working hours increase, as it is difficult to replace a high-performance complex in a timely manner, and the acquisition and maintenance of reserve capacity is usually associated with high additional costs. The analysis of the supply of the main types of machinery in the crop production sector has shown that despite the above-average rates of renewal of the machinery and tractor fleet for the sake of retirement of worn-out equipment in many regions of Russia, the level of supply per 1,000 ha remains below the average indicators for the country and federal districts. To solve the problems of development of the material and technical base at a qualitatively new level, the article proposes a set of organizational and economic measures aimed at the development of the system of regional machinery and technological enterprises.
The purpose of the scientific study is to determine a set of organizational and economic measures aimed at the development of the material and technical base of the agri-food sector of the economy using the example of crop production, taking into account the elimination of spatial imbalance in the availability of equipment.
Keywords: agricultural machinery, machine and tractor fleet, machine and technology enterprises, crop production, leasing, region.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.022
UDC 621.928.6

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON AN AERODYNAMIC SEPARATOR
I.O. Novikov, Postgraduate;
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia
tel. 89273762464, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The amount of grain production requires special attention from the workers of the agro-industrial complex. On the basis of Penza State Agrarian University, an aerodynamic separator was designed and developed, which is used to separate the grain material into fractions and to clean it from light impurities. Experimental studies of the aerodynamic separator were also carried out in the laboratory of Penza State Agrarian University. The variety of soft winter wheat “Bezostaya-100” was selected as a research sample, as it is popular among agricultural producers in Penza region and neighboring regions.
As a result of the experimental studies, data were obtained on the dependence of the horizontal displacement L on the angle α of air flow transmission of the aerodynamic separator. Experimental evidence of the distribution of grain material through the grain collection bunkers (fractions) is presented in the form of graphs and diagrams. When analyzing the data obtained, it became clear that for this aerodynamic separator the most suitable angle of air flow transmission is α = 45 °, since at this value of the angle the maximum horizontal displacement L is achieved, which in turn is reflected in the quality of separation of the grain material.
Keywords: aerodynamic separator, grain material, grain separation, grain fractions.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.018
UDC 621.437

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE DIESEL POWER PLANT IN LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Yu.V. Rodionov^2,3, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; A.A. Baglaev¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Sviridov¹, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences; A.A. Shapovalov¹, Postgraduate Officer;
I.G. Khokhlov¹, cadet; G.V. Rybin³, graduate student.
¹Air Force Academy named after Prof. N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin Voronezh, Russia
²Michurinsk State Agrarian University Michurinsk, Russia
³Tambov State Technical University Tambov, Russia. email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The operation of automotive equipment in conditions of low temperatures is associated with a large number of difficulties and premature failures, which arise, among other things, due to supercooling of diesel fuel. At the same time, despite the obvious problem, there are no effective solutions in mass production in our country, which leads either to an increase in engine start time or to the need to independently manufacture appropriate technical solutions, which is associated with high risks. It is also worth noting that it is necessary to develop heating systems for the entire fuel system, not just the fuel tank, since clogging of filters and fuel lines is the most common cause of failures. The article draws up a schematic diagram and analyzes the factors affecting the combustion process of diesel fuel, describes devices and technical solutions for heating the fuel system of a diesel engine, provides a device and a method for calculating the geometric characteristics of a filler neck for operation in winter conditions. The methodology is described and studies of the operational parameters of the diesel power plant (YAMZ-236NE) installed on the KI-5540 load stand are carried out. According to the results of experimental studies, the effectiveness of the proposed technological solutions has been proven.
Keywords: automotive equipment, diesel power plant, diesel fuel, diesel fuel heating system.

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