DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.016
UDC 633.63+631.82

NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENT IN THE PEA GRAIN DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION AND FOLIAR FERTILIZER APPLICATION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
N.V. Shabyshev, Postgraduate
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract. This article presents the results of the investigation of the effects of foliar fertilization on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of pea grains at different levels of mineral nutrition. The correlation relationships between the weight of 1000 grains and the content of the main macronutrients, expressed in relative and absolute values, are examined. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal combination of simultaneous application of root and foliar nutrition, which provides a high content of the main macronutrients in the grain as an indicator of the best conditions for plant growth and development. As a result, it was found that it is permissible to focus on the indicator of the absolute content of the main macronutrients in the pea grain when evaluating the conditions for plant growth and development. This indicator shows a strong correlation with grain weight. It can be seen that the highest weight of 1000 grains is formed at all mineral nutrient levels when the plants are treated with Biostim Universal at a rate of 2.0 l/ha during the stemming and budding stages. The grains formed in these variants of foliar fertilization had the highest levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, depending on the level of mineral nutrition.
Keywords: peas, foliar feeding, mineral nutrition, macronutrients, grain, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.013
UDC 633.63:631.92

ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF YIELD FORMATION OF SUGAR BEET ON HYDROTHERMAL RESOURCES
K.R. Ismagilov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, a separate structural unit of the Ufa Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia, tel. 89033103186, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents an analysis of the nature and degree of influence of the main agro-climatic resources on the formation of the sugar beet harvest in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is shown that in recent years, the yield of sugar beet in the Republic of Bashkortostan has been increasing naturally and its annual increase is 9.549 kg/ha. The dependence of the yield variance relative to the trend has a curved shape in the form of a parabola. With the amount of precipitation ranging 200-364 mm during the growing season, the yield is formed above the trend and reaches its maximum value with the amount of precipitation of 282 mm. In general, the increase in thermal resources has a negative effect on the formation of the sugar beet harvest. The sum of temperatures during the growing season (above 10°C) ranging 2400-2600 °C is optimal for the formation of sugar beet yields in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The dependence of yield on the hydrothermal coefficient has the form of a single-vertex curve (h = 0.678), with the value of this indicator ranging from 0.77 to 1.46, the yield of sugar beet increases, and the top increase is achieved with the value of the hydrothermal coefficient equal to 1.11.
Keywords: sugar beet, yield, agro-climatic resources, hydrothermal coefficient.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.009
UDC 633.111.1:57.03

EVALUATION OF THE STARTING MATERIAL FOR THE BREEDING OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I. R. Manukyan¹ Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.H. Kozyrev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
¹North Caucasian Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal State Scientific Center "Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Mikhailovskoye, Russia, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Mountain State Agrarian University, Vladikavkaz, Russia

The realization of the high productivity potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely determined by adaptability to soil and climatic growing conditions. A properly selected cultivar for specific soil and climatic conditions allows you to increase yields, improve product quality, and reduce the cost of fertilizers and plant protection products. For the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, the most important sign of adaptability is resistance to harmful diseases. To solve this problem, the appropriate source material is required. The purpose of the research is to study the genetic diversity of winter soft wheat cultivars in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, a comprehensive assessment of winter soft wheat cultivars of the VIR collection for resistance to brown rust, pyrenosporosis and fusarium of an ear in order to include in the breeding program. A three-year (2020-2022) field study of 27 cultivars of winter soft wheat of the standard cultivar Don 107 was conducted. According to the results of the evaluation of the cultivars for resistance to ear fusarium, the susceptible type of reaction (S) was 11.1.0%, the stable type (R) – 26.0%, the intermediate type of reaction – 62.9%. According to the resistance to brown rust, the studied cultivars were ranked as follows: resistant (R) – 14.8%, susceptible (S) – 29.6%, medium–resistant (MR) - 37.0%, medium–susceptible (MS) - 18.5%. According to the resistance to pyrenophorosis, the varieties are divided into the following groups: resistant (R) – 33.3%, susceptible (S) – 11.1%, medium–resistant (MR) - 25.9%, medium–susceptible (MS) - 29.6%. Complex field resistance to the main harmful diseases of winter wheat is present in the following cultivars: Omskaya 5 (Russia), Olivin (Germany), Rausin (Kazakhstan), Karasajj (Kazakhstan), Kredo (Belarus), Chornobrova (Ukraine), Zvytyaga (Ukraine), Zysk (Ukraine). They can be recommended for the breeding programs of this region.
Keywords: economic character, diseases, winter wheat, disease resistance, ear fusarium.

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DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.69.1.007
UDC 633.111.1:577.2

ECOLOGICAL VALENCE OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I. R. Manukyan Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Scientific Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal State Scientific Center "Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The aim of the study is to determine the productivity potential of the studied cultivars of winter wheat according to the parameters of ecological valence. The variation of the grain weight per ear indicator in a cultivar ranged from 9.4% (Nureke) to 26.0% (Homer). Significant plasticity of a trait depending on external factors was the distinct feature of the cultivars Lilith (25.0), Homer (26.0). The coefficient of adaptability (CA) was higher than 100% in cultivars Avalanche, Cobra, Bagrat, Kapitan, Adele, Don 107. According to the linearity regression coefficient or ecological valence, the cultivars Cobra and Bagratwere were highly responsive to improving growing conditions (bi ≥ 1). Cultivars that react poorly to changes in growing conditions (bi < 1) include Avalanche, Homer, Lilith, Izuminka, Kapitan, Adele, Nureke, Don 107. They are more effective when cultivated on autumn ploughed soils as their yield was reduced to a lesser extent compared to intensive cultivars.
The cultivars that were identified with the maximum manifestation of the sign of drought resistance (MSTI) were Cobra – 2.4, Kapitan – 1.9, Bagrat – 1.4, Nureke – 1.4, Don 107 – 1.2. According to the plant productivity index, the Cobra cultivar stood out – 9.3. In other cultivars, the index values ranged from 3.7 (Nureke) to 7.7 (Lilith). A smaller sum of ranks when using most evaluation methods was obtained for the cultivars Cobra, Bagrat, Adele, Lilith (the sum of ranks from 10 to 24). These cultivars are characterized by resistance to varying growing conditions and are able to form high productivity in contrasting climatic conditions.
Winter soft wheat cultivars with high overall adaptive ability, resistance to stressors and high productivity include: Cobra, Bagrat, Adele, Lilith, which can serve as sources of economically useful traits and be used in the breeding process.
Keywords: winter soft wheat, productivity, cultivar, ecological plasticity, adaptability

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