UDC 638.15-02
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.015

MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF HONEY BEES DIED IN WINTER
M.N. Nevitov¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; K.S. Barannik², 11th grade student,
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Municipal budgetary educational institution "Gymnasium № 53", Penza, Russia

The decrease in the number of bee colonies is currently a worldwide problem. Most researchers believe that the main cause of bees’ death is the defeat of colonies by the Varroa mite. However, an equally significant factor is the unsystematic crossbreeding of bees, which leads to the emergence of populations that are unable to adapt to local climatic conditions. The results of the current research in the area of the morphometric indicators of honey bees died in winter despite of their apparent well-being showed that the predominant breed was Apis mellifera carnica (from 35.8 to 68.7%), a significant proportion of Apis mellifera ligustica was noted (from 18.1 to 68.7%). 47.3%). The least represented was Apis mellifera caucasica (from 5.1 to 21.2%)? but the honey bees of Apis mellifera mellifera were practically absent (from 0.0 to 1.4%). The research was carried out with the “Breed by Wings” (“Poroda po krilyam”) program. The queen bees were ordered in the summer of 2022 from the queen bees breeder in the city of Kislovodsk and were seen as daughters of the Carpathian breed queen bees. Probably, the Carpathian breed queen bees were indeed used as mothers for breeding queens, but free mating in conditions of an uncontrolled drone impact had negative consequences. The uncontrolled import of bees from the Central Asian republics could contribute to the increase of an unfavorable drone impact.
Keywords: morphometry, cubital index, discoidal displacement, bee mortality, cross-breeding.

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UDC 636.3.033:636.084.52
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.014

THE EFFECT OF PROTECTED FAT BASED FEED ADDITIVE ON THE QUALITY OF SHEEP MILK AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF LAMBS
G.I. Boryaev¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; E.V. Polyakova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Kuznetsov¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Nosov¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; F.N. Tsogoeva², Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.D. Fedyukina¹, student
¹Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorsky State Agrarian University”, Vladikavkaz, Russia

The most accessible method for assessing animal's energy and protein supply is to determine the content of urea, protein in milk and the ratio of urea to protein. The research results showed that out of 19 studies it is only highly productive animals that have an optimal supply of energy and protein. The main problem on these farms is the shortage of available energy. 21.0% of animals have energy deficiency in their diets, 21% have energy and protein deficiency, 36% have energy deficiency and excess protein, and 5% have excess protein. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use protected fat to adjust the diet of animals. During the research, a feed fat additive was developed, which is a calcium salt of fatty acids obtained from the oil extraction industry waste (fuza), stabilized with the domestic antioxidant drug selenopyran. In a scientific and production experiment on sheep of the Tsigai breed, a significant increase in the weight of young animals by 7.0% was found, which received 1% of the mass of mixed feed from a high-energy feed additive relative to the control with the basic diet. The concentration of total cholesterol in the blood serum of lambs of the first experimental group was statistically significantly lower relative to the same indicator of the control group and in the second experimental group, where the animals received an increased level of feed additive. The results of scientific research indicate that the high-energy feed additive we have developed based on protected fat and selenopyran had a positive effect on the biochemical status of the animal body and allows to increase productivity.
Keywords: lambs, protected fat, milk, feed additive, sheep

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UDC 633.15+631.811.93
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.010

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SILICON PREPARATIONS IN CORN CULTIVATION
E.V. Nikulina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, teacher; S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; E.A. Zueva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Varlamova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In modern agricultural production it is urgent to find ways to increase productivity. At the same time, great importance is paid to various techniques of treating plants with environmentally friendly preparations that stim-ulate the growth and development of plants, increase their productivity and resistance to stress. In recent years, work has been underway to develop new, more economical and technologically advanced types of micronutri-ents, nanopreparations and rational ways of using them. In international experience, to assess the efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, a method is used that takes into account the energy accumulated in agricultural products and the energy spent on its production. Experimental work was carried out to assess corn cultivation techniques from the point in terms of energy efficiency in 2018-2020 on the basis of ZAO Konstantinovo in Penza region. The effect of non-root treatment of crops with silicon-containing preparations on the productivity of corn when grown for grain and green mass was studied. All observations, analyses, and records were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Meteorological conditions were assessed based on data from the Penza Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. In 2018, there was insufficient moisture supply. Precipitation in 2019 fell unevenly, but most of it occurred during the period of active growth and de-velopment of corn. The weather conditions in 2020 were favorable for the growth and development of corn. The most energy efficient was the cultivation of corn for grain with the use of the preparation Microvit-6 Silicon for non-root treatment during all periods of use, but especially in the stage of five leaves. Efficiency factor was 3.18-3.41 units. The most effective method for cultivating corn for green mass was double spraying with nanosilicon preparation in the stage of 5 and 7-8 leaves. This variant has the lowest energy consumption of 1.83 GJ for the production of 1 ton of feed units and the highest bioenergetic efficiency of 6.12 units. The largest net energy income is 159.37 GJ/ha.
Keywords: corn, green mass, grain, cultivation techniques, energy efficiency, silicon preparations.

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UDC 633.15:631.52+522+524.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.009

INHERITANCE OF PLANT HEIGHT IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF SELF-POLLINATED CORN LINES
V. I. Zhuzhukin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences; L. A. Gudova², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; M. S. Serebryakova1, Master; A. F. Sugrobov¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov", Saratov, Russia;
²Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization "Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region", Saratov, Russia, tel. 892171242886, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article deals with genetic components that control the inheritance of the trait "plant height" in corn hybrids. Eleven self-pollinated corn lines and 55 hybrids from diallel crosses (p(p-1)/2) were included in the study. The research took place in the period 2019-2020. It was found that the plant height of the corn hybrid lines and the group averages were higher in 2019 than in 2020. In the study years, the self-pollinated line SPK 14 was characterized by a reliable surplus of plant height compared to other lines. Hybrids produced with the SPK 14 line are also characterized by a high value of the trait. In 2019, the trait values in combinations with the SPK 14 line are higher than 203.1 cm, in 2020 higher than 183.9 cm. The high effect of GCA and SCA variance in the SPK 14 line indicates its high combining ability. High values of true heterosis (more than 20.0 %) were found in 21 hybrids regardless of the year of investigation. A high degree of hypothetical heterosis was found in hybrid combinations with the lines SPK 12, SPK 13, SPK 14. When calculating the genetic components, lines SPK 16, SPK 17, SPK 18 in 2019 and in 2020 - SPK 12 and SPK 14 with epistatic gene interaction were excluded, so that the model adequacy could be considered additive-dominant. In the experiment, the control of plant height in the model population was found to determine five genes or gene groups in 2019 and six genes in 2020.
Keywords: corn, self-pollinated lines, hybrids, plant height, heterosis, genetic components.

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