UDC 631.531.027.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.019

LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE SCARIFIER-INOCULATOR FOR THE PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS OF PERENNIAL LEGUME GRASSES
S.A. Kshnikatkin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; V.V. Konovalov², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.A. Konnov¹, Master; E.M. Somov¹, Student
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on a scarifier-inoculator developed for the pre-sowing treatment of perennial legume seeds with a hard, water- and air-impermeable shell. An environmentally friendly technology with simultaneous scarification of seeds and their inoculation with bacterial preparations based on bacteria of the genus Rhizobium is proposed. The technological scheme of the SI-0.7 scarifier-inoculator is based on the following technical solutions: the body of the scarifier-inoculator has the shape of a cylinder, on the inner surface of which there are plates of concave shape covered with an abrasive. The loading hopper contains an electric motor that transmits the torque to the rotating working element. This is a flat disk covered with an abrasive, on the surface of which there is a ring, on the diameter of which there are seed scatterers. Studies on the experimental scarifier-inoculator with disk-shaped working bodies were carried out using the planning tech-nique of the miltifactorial experiment. The paper presents a second-order full-factor model and dependence di-agrams of two-dimensional sections of the model of the influence of factors on the quality of seed scarification depending on the design parameters of the experimental scarifier-inoculator (rotation frequency of the flat disk, number of scatterers). The laboratory studies carried out have shown that the number of scatterers must be in-creased. The best value for the rotation frequency of the disk working body is between 1,350...1,420 min-1 and has a complex influence on the quality of seed scarification.
Keywords: perennial leguminous grasses, eastern galega, seeds, seed hardness, scarifier-inoculator, scari-fication, disk, working element, scatterers, feed, scarification quality, germination.

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UDC 635-133
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.018

JUSTIFICATION OF THE DEVICE FOR ORIENTED ONION PLANTING
P.N. Khorev¹, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Machnev², Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; Yu.V. Polyvyany¹, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Yashin¹, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Biotechnology”, Moscow, Russia

In agriculture, there is a constant need to optimize the processes of planting and caring for crops. One of the most popular and important vegetables that is grown in many countries of the world is onions. Onion pro-duction in the Russian Federation does not fully meet the needs of the population.Unlike commodity production, seed production is a more labor-intensive industry, there is a lot of manual labor, especially for such types of work as breeding, planting onion parent plant, care, seed harvesting, etc. At the current level of mechanization, the cost of manual labor for growing seeds reaches more than 2,000 people per hectare, of which up to 400 people per hectare are needed for planting. The introduction of integrated mechanization of onion growing pro-cess will increase the production of its seeds while reducing costs. However, the domestic industry does not produce special machines for these purposes, hence the problem of developing devices designed to mechanize process of onion seeds production. Increasing the yield of onion seeds, improving their quality indicators and reducing cost can be achieved by improving the technological process of onion parent planting with the devel-opment of a device for oriented onion planting. The article provides a theoretical justification for the constructive calculation of the brush orienting device, determination of the elastic modulus of the bristle material and deter-mination of the bristle parameters.
Keywords: onion, planting, orienting device, bristles

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UDC: 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.013

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF THE RUSSIAN BLACK PIED AND KHOLMOGORY BREEDS DEPENDING ON THE LINEAR AFFILIATION
S.D. Batanov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Education of the Udmurt Republic; I.N. Varachev, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Udmurt State Agricultural University" Izhevsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In order to improve the indicators of milk productivity of cows, it is important to carry out targeted selection and breeding work. By studying the biological characteristics of the linear affiliation of breeding stock within a breed, we identify the best genetic "matrix", and the comparative evaluation of sires according to their prepotency within the lines determines the high breeding value and economic efficiency of their use in breeding progress. The research was carried out on the basis of the farms JSC "OSHMES" of the Sharkansky District and JSC "Put Ilyicha" of the Zavyalovsky District of the Udmurt Republic. Scientific studies to determine the influence of the breed affiliation of the dairy herd and sires of different lines on the complex of indicators of daughters characterizing milk productivity were carried out on first-calf cows of Russian Black Pied and Kholmogory breeds. The results of our studies showed no reliable influence of pedigree within breeds on the level of milk productivity of cows. The breeding stock of the investigated herds shows a rather high degree of Holsteinization (over 90% blood content). The results of the study showed a reliable superiority of Russian Black Pied first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovering lines over their Kholmogory herdmates of the corresponding lines in terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 1,589 kg (21.1 %, Р 0.001) and 1,474 kg (19.5 %, Р 0.001), milk fat and protein 21.9 %; 21.0 % (Р 0.001) and 19.4 % (Р 0 .01); 16.5 % (Р 0.05), respectively. A reliable (Р 0.05) superiority (by 0.06 p.p.) of Russian Black Pied first-calf heifers of the Reflection Sovering line over their herdmates of the Kholmogory breed of the similar line was found. The Kholmogory first-calf heifers were significantly superior to their Russian Black Pied herdmates in the content of the mass fraction of protein in milk by 0.04 p.p. (Р0.05) and 0.08 p.p. (Р0.01) respectively. The analysis of the productive qualities of daughters (first-calf heifers) has shown that the indicators for milk quantity and quality are significantly influenced by the "father" factor, as the sire contributes to a greater extent to increasing the genetic potential of productivity and its realization under optimal feeding and housing conditions.
Keywords: milk productivity, line, first-calf heifers, breed.

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UDC 636.92: 636.084.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.016

OPTIMAL PROTEIN CONTENT IN COMPLETE COMPOUND FEEDS FOR LACTATING DOE RABBITS
D.G. Pogosyan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; D.V. Zakharov, Associate Professor; I.M. Belyaev, Student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of a scientific and industrial experiment in which the effects of different protein contents in compound feeds on the productivity indicators of lactating doe rabbits under the conditions of industrial mini-farms were investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal level of crude protein in complete granulated compound feeds in dry feeding to increase the meat productivity of rabbits. The experiment was conducted with 60 lactating White Giant doe rabbits divided into four groups of 15 animals each, one of which was a control group and the others – experimental groups. The groups differed in that the doe rabbits in the control group received compound feed with a protein content of 18 and 21% in the first 20 days and from 21 to 35 days of lactation, respectively, in accordance with the current GOST – 32897-2014 (not less than 17.7 and 21%). The lactating doe rabbits in the first experimental group received compound feed with a reduced crude protein content of 16.5% and 18% at the end of lactation. In the second and third experimental groups, the doe rabbits received compound feed with a higher protein content of 19 % and 20 % respectively in the first half of lactation, and 22 % and 23 % respectively in the second half of lactation. Based on the obtained research results on the dynamics of live weight of lactating doe rabbits, baby rabbits, feed consumption, milk productivity, and survival rate of young animals, it can be concluded that for feeding lactating doe rabbits in the conditions of industrial rabbit breeding, a complete granulated compound feed with a crude protein content of 18 % in the first 20 days of lactation and 21 % from 21 to 35 days of lactation is more effective.
Keywords: lactating doe rabbit, compound feed, crude protein, live weight, average daily gain, feed intake, baby rabbits, milk productivity, survival rate of young animals.

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