UDC 581.14:633.283
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.011

THE WATER REGIME OF JAPANESE MILLET VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
T.V. Rodina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher; A.N. Astashov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Chief Researcher; K.A. Pronudin, Research Associate
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Scientific Research and Production Engineering Institute of Sorghum and Corn”, Saratov, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The relevance of the research is due to global changes in climatic conditions, which leads to the frequent adverse factors and, as a result, a decrease in the productivity of agricultural plants. For the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region, Japanese millet is a promising forage crop. The analysis of the assessment of the pa-rameters of the water regime of Japanese millet leaves during the flowering stage of plants allowed us to identify the most drought-resistant samples. During the years of research, the climatic conditions were typical for the Saratov region and were characterized by hot summer conditions, which made it possible to assess the resistance of Japanese millet varieties to high temperatures. The data obtained indicate that the flowering of plants took place under severe drought, as evidenced by the low value of the hydrothermal coefficient. During the research period, a significant influence of the Japanese millet genotype, the conditions of the year and the duration of the experiment on the parameters of the water regime of the leaves was established by multivariate analysis of var-iance. As a result of the experiment, promising Japanese millet samples resistant to drought were identified: Eureka, Krasava and O-1, with tissue hydration of 72.32-73.03% and water deficiency of 11.08-19.6%. The study of the characteristics of the water regime of the leaves showed a high level of drought resistance of the studied crop when grown in the conditions of the Saratov right bank.
Keywords: Japanese millet, tissue hydration, leaf water regime, drought, flowering.

Publication information View article

UDC 633.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.007

SPECIFICS OF DIFFERENT BARLEY VARIETIES YIELD FORMATION UNDER THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE CONDITIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA
Ch.K. Bolat-ool, Candidate ofAgricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tuvan State University", Kyzyl, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The Republic of Tuva belongs to a zone of risky agriculture with a sharply continental climate so the problems of low moisture supply during critical phases of the development of grain crops are especially relevant. Barley is one of the main grain feed crops grown in the Republic of Tuva. The purpose of the current research is to examine the specifics of different barley varieties yield formation under the forest-steppe zone conditions in the Republic of Tuva. The experimental part of the research was conducted in 2020-2022 on the territory of the Piy-Khemsky district, which belongs to the forest-steppe zone. The organized field experiment, records, measurements, and phenological observations were carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops; statistical data processing was evaluated by the method of variance analysis according to the method of B.A. Dospehova using the Excel computer software package. The predecessor is pure steam. The soil is dark chestnut light loamy. The estimated area of the plot is 28 m2. Weather conditions are characterized as moderately humid. The duration of the vegetative period for all varieties varied from 23 to 30 days. By weight of 1000 grains, the largest ones were the seeds of the Biom variety; the Abalak variety was inferior to it by 3.0 g. For the Tanai variety, the weight of 1000 grains was 36.5±0.7 g, it has a maximum grain size of 513 g/l, for the Nevan variety – 35.5±0.8 g and the Tulunsky yantar variety – 36.2±0.7 g in accordance with the required qualities. The average yield of the varieties was 17.9-21.5 c/ha. Under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone in the Republic of Tuva in 2020, the increase in the barley seeds yield of the Tanai variety reached 0.7 c/ha when compared with the average yield (23.6 c/ha) in the East Siberian region, according to the varietal features of the originator.
Keywords: barley, yield, varietal features, growing season, phenological phase.

Publication information View article

UDC 633.11"324"+581.14
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.006

FORMATION OF CROP STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF THE WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE USE OF TRACE ELEMENT FERTILIZERS AND RETARDANT GROWTH REGULATORS
A.S. Shcherbakov, graduate student; S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Lyandenburskaya, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor.
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

An increase in yield and product quality is achieved with a balanced nutrition of plants with macro- and microelements. Treatment with retardants during the beginning of stem elongation gives a positive effect due to increasing the productivity of the stem and the indicators of photosynthetic activity, improves the moisture sup-ply of plants by strengthening the root system of crops. All this ultimately affects the value of crop yields. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of complex trace element fertilizers and retardant growth regula-tors to optimize growth development conditions and increase the yield of winter wheat. In the course of the experiment, the effect of trace element fertilizers and retardant growth regulators on the elements of winter wheat crop structure was determined. The lowest value of plant height (62.9 cm) was noted in variants using non-root treatment with HEFK. Non-root treatment with Aquamix ST during tillering stage and with HEFK during stem elongation contributed to the formation of grain weight at the level of 0.936 g per ear and winter wheat yield of 4.94 t/ha.
Keywords: winter wheat, microelement fertilizer, growth regulator, crop structure elements.

Publication information View article

UDC 631.599:631.452:631.811.93:631.861
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.005

FORMATION OF CROP YIELDS AND FERTILITY OF GRAY FOREST SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIATOMITE AND BIRD DROPPINGS
A.N. Arefiev¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Kuzin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; E.E. Kuzina¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; R.I. Dubin², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
¹Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Tatishchev Astrakhan State University”, Astrakhan, Russia

Taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, the effect and aftereffect of various norms of diatomite (siliceous agronomic ore) and its combinations with bird droppings on crop yields and effective fertility of gray forest soil have been scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven. In the experimental variants with the introduction of 10 t/ha of bird droppings and siliceous agronomic ore (diatomite) with norms from 4 to 10 t/ha mixed with bird droppings, the humus content in the arable layer of gray forest soil increased by 0.06-0.15% from the initial values during the research period. The most significant effect on the accumulation of nutrients in the arable layer of gray forest soil was the joint use of diatomite with bird droppings. The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen while using diatomite with bird droppings exceeded the control by 7.4-11.9 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus – by 6.7-9.0 mg/kg of soil, mobile potassium – by 7.8-9.6 mg/kg of soil. A mathematical analysis of experimental data and the magnitude of the correlation coefficient was carried out, conclusions were drawn about the nature of the interaction of the studied values of fertility of the arable layer of gray forest soil.
Keywords: diatomite, bird droppings, humus, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, mobile potassium, gray forest soil, yield.

Publication information View article