UDC 631.412+631.452
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.016

INFLUENCE OF THE ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING ON THE CHANGE OF THE AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEADOW CHERNOZEM SOIL AND CROP YIELDS
K.Yu. Kiseleva, Postgraduate Student; E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.E. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia. tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article studies the influence of organic farming elements on agrochemical properties of meadow cher-nozem soil. Studies have shown that manure, siderates and their complex use, together with stubble biodegrader and the non-marketable part of the crop rotation yield, has a positive impact on the content of humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium. The greatest influence on the change of a number of factors of soil fertility was made by the use of legumes in combination with stubble biodegrader and by-products of agricultural crops during the independent and intermediate sideration in grain-row and fallow crop rotation. At the end of the study in 2022, the humus content was 5.23-5.24%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen – 119.1-120.0 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus – 94.9-95.1 mg/kg soil, labile potassium – 158.0 mg/kg soil in the arable layer of the meadow chernozem soil, exceeding the initial values by 0.39-0.40%, 27.4-28.0 mg/kg soil, 22.6-22.7 mg/kg soil and 27.6 mg/kg soil, respectively. The increase in the content of humus, alkaline-hydro-lyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium compared to the control variant was significant and amounted to 0.29-0.30 %, 19.9-20.8 mg/kg soil, 14.8-15.0 mg/kg soil and 18.1 mg/kg soil, respectively.
Keywords: meadow chernozem soil, manure, siderates, stubble biodegrader, humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus, labile potassium.

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UDC 631.8+631.452
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.013

INFLUENCE OF LIME MATERIALS AND THEIR COMBINATION WITH POULTRY MANURE ON THE FERTILITY OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM
N.S. Ochkina¹, Postgraduate Student; A.N. Arefiev¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Kuzin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; E.E. Kuzina¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; R.I. Dubin², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", Astrakhan. Russia

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of chemical meliorants and their combinations with poultry manure on the fertility of leached chernozem. To achieve the set goal, field experiments were conducted in 2019-2022 at the Educational and Experimental Farm of Penza State Agrarian University. Studies have shown that the highest effect on humus accumulation, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium in the arable layer of leached chernozem (medium-thick and medium-humic) was obtained by the complex application of marl and dolomite powder with poultry manure. At the end of the study, the humus content in the arable layer exceeded the initial values by 0.21-0.22%, alkaline-hydrolyz-able nitrogen by 28.4-28.5 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus by 20.5-20.6 mg/kg soil, labile potassium by 21.5-21.6 mg/kg soil against the background of the after-effect of marl and dolomite powder in the amount of 1.0 Ng in complex with poultry manure in the amount of 30 t/ha. Application of chemical meliorants at 1.5 Ng in combi-nation with poultry manure increased humus content by 0.24-0.25%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 29.9-30.0 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus by 23.4-23.8 mg/kg soil, and labile potassium by 24.9-25.0 mg/kg soil.
Keywords leached chernozem, marl, dolomite powder, poultry manure, humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable ni-trogen, labile phosphorus, labile potassium.

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UDC 632.937.31 + 633.9 + 635.9+71
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.015

USE OF THE MULTIPURPOSE CROP MISCANTHUS GIGANTEUS IN LANDSCAPE PHYTODESIGN
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Volodkin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The main raw material for cellulose production is wood, which is also used as fuel, but it takes at least 80 years for forests to regenerate. Therefore, there is a need to find other possible sources of energy and cellulose. Miscanthus giganteus can be used as a promising renewable raw material, which is an alternative not only to forest crops but also to ornamental ones. In this regard, studies on the introduction of Miscanthus on light gray soils have been conducted since 2013 in the Middle Volga Region (which belongs to the zone of unstable mois-ture). In the first year of planting, well-formed plants produced an above-ground yield of 14 t/ha with sufficient moisture. In the second year it doubled, and in the third year it reached 36 t/ha despite dry conditions. The following two years were the most productive, when 40 and 41 t/ha were obtained with sufficient moisture. In the hyperarid years 2018, 2019 it decreased by 9 and 11 t/ha compared to the fifth year of life. The vegetation periods 2020 and 2021 were favourable, but precipitation fell earlier or later than the critical phases of miscan-thus development, resulting in yield reductions of up to 25 t/ha. Weakening of the plants in the tenth year of life due to partial death of the rhizomes caused by over-watering resulted in a decrease in stem density and yield to 23.5 t/ha. On average, 31.3 t/ha of energy biomass can be formed per year from the second year of life, which is equivalent to wood in terms of cellulose content depending on the age of the plants (48.10-59.81%), and in terms of calorific value, the raw material meets European standards. A tall Miscanthus with brightly colored pendulous leaves and anthocyanin coloring at the nodes allows it to be used as an accent plant in ornamental landscaping.
Keywords: Miscanthus giganteus, introduction, yield, cellulose, calorific value, ornamental grass, aesthetics.

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UDC:633.15:631.81
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.007

FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER SYSTEMIC APPLICATION OF MEGAMIX PREPARATIONS
R.N. Saniev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; V.G. Vasin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
D.I. Trifonov, Postgraduate, S.V. Fadeev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. +7(937)-666-95-50, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, the research was carried out on the crops of maize hybrids with fertilizer application for planned yields of 7.0 and 9.0 t/ha and systemic treatment during vegetation with preparations of Megamix. In 2020-2022, studies were conducted at the "Samara State Agrarian University", where it was found that maize hybrids form a photosynthetic potential of 2,670.3 to 3,091.2 thousand m2/ha days. With the application of fertilizers for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha and the complex application of Megamix preparations, the maximum value of photosynthetic potential is reached by the crops of the hybrid Amarok with the indicator of 3,091.2 thousand m2/ha, and the maximum increase is 112.4 thousand m2/ha days in the crops of the hybrid Si Telias. The average yields of the maize hybrids in the three years were in the range of 5.10 - 8.36 t/ha, with the maximum yield achieved in crops of the hybrid Amarok when fertilizers were applied for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha and systemic application of stimulating preparations of Megamix. The best efficiency of application of stimulating preparations is observed against the background of fertilizer application for the planned yield of 7.0 t/ha. The increase was 0.18-0.72 t/ha, while on the second background (fertilizer application for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha) the increase was 0.18-0.50 t/ha.
Keywords: Megamix, hybrids, yield, stimulation, photosynthetic potential.

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