UDC 6361:115.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.020

FARMING AND PRIVATE SUBSIDIARY PLOTS OF THE POPULATION TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY IN THE REGION
O.A. Stolyarova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Reshetkina, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the problems and main directions of development of private subsidiary and peasant (individual) farms, which under the conditions of cooperation can achieve high results in the agricultural sector of the region. This can help ensure food security in the region and sustainable rural development. The purpose of the article is to propose the main directions for the development of small farmings. The development of the agricultural sector in private subsidiary plots and peasant (individual) farms of the population of the Penza Re-gion is presented as an object. The following research methods were used in the study: monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical. Special attention is paid to the review of the development directions of private sub-sidiary plots of the population as one of the important links in solving the food supply of the population and the retention of labour force in rural areas. As a result of the analysis of crop and livestock production, the authors noted that the production dynamics of these types of products in peasant (individual) farms is positive, and livestock production in private subsidiary plots of the population is significantly declining, because they have difficulties with the distribution of products and the use of innovative equipment and technologies. The authors focused mainly on the federal project "Development of Vegetable and Potato Farming", which enables self-employed farmers in the agricultural sector to receive subsidies to cover part of their costs. According to the authors, not all owners of private subsidiary plots will be able to register self-employment. In order to support small forms of farming, the legal foundations must be developed at the state level. The main results of the re-search carried out are, firstly, bringing together smaller forms of farming to create and improve consumer coop-eration and, secondly, increasing the efficiency of cooperatives in a single methodological link.
Keywords: small business, cultivation areas, production, self-employed, consumer cooperation.

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UDC 631.158:658.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.021

EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR FOR STABLE FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATIONS
N.N. Bondina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor; I.A. Bondin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; E.V. Shirokova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; I.E. Shpagina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The results of the participants' activity in the agrobusiness depend on the efficient use of its production potential. Faced with limited resources, economic entities need to improve the efficient use of production poten-tial. The relevance of the aforementioned problem has underpinned the need to assess available resources and their impact on consumption and reproduction. The study assesses the place and role of the Penza Region in the agriculture of the Volga Federal District. In recent years, the region, together with the Republic of Tatarstan and the Saratov Region, has been in the top three for gross agricultural production in the district. The primary reason for the active growth of the agricultural industry is the increase in the production potential of the agricultural sector. The article contains a comparative analysis of the provision of agricultural enterprises of the region with land and labour resources, fixed assets and material stocks in relation to the dynamics and indicators of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. The research has led to the following conclusion: agricultural en-terprises in the Penza Region have a much better supply of some types of resources, but the efficiency of their use is lower than the average of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. This indicates that there is considerable scope for increasing production.
Keywords: production potential, resource potential, land resources, fixed assets, material resources

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UDC 339.187.62
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.019

ACTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL LEASING IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
О.А. Tagirova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-professor; V.S. Kozhaev, Master's student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, ph. +79656385748, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The aim of the study is to develop recommendations and practical proposals to improve the mechanism of leasing relations in the agricultural sector of the region. The object of research is leasing relations of agricultural enterprises of Penza region. The suggested directions of solving the problem of import substitution imply using a preferential leasing mechanism: subsidy to a leasing company - 50 % of equipment cost; 5 % - leasing payment; 8 years - leasing term; 0 % - appreciation of leased property. This solution will increase the efficiency of agri-culture, increase the volume of reproductive seeds, and strengthen the economic condition of the region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Indirect support for agricultural producers in Penza region is possible through preferential taxation. It is proposed to reduce the tax rate on property transferred under a leasing agreement to 0%, thereby reducing the interest on lease payments, which will increase the attractiveness of leasing for agri-cultural producers.
Keywords: regional economy, agriculture, leasing, leasing relations, mechanism, preferential taxation.

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UDC 631.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.018

DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOWING MATERIAL BY THE DISTRIBUTOR OF THE PNEUMATIC SEEDER
A.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-17, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

With increasing supply of seed of grain crops on the deflection surface of the seed distributor, which has the shape of a horizontal surface, the irregularity of seed distribution in the distributing head of the pneumatic seeder increases. This is due to the fact that the number of crop seeds that do not reach the deflector increases due to the seeds flying ahead, because as they fly away they reduce their speed and prevent them from moving easily to the deflector. As a result, the seeds collide with each other and are dispersed in a different pattern than the seeds that are deflected by the deflector, resulting in a much smaller dispersal area. A change in seed distri-bution occurs: the seed tubes in the center of the seed distributor receive slightly more seeds than those at the edges of the distributor, increasing the irregularity of seed distribution. This problem complicates the develop-ment of distributors shaped like a horizontal surface for pneumatic grain seeders with a sowing width of more than five meters, because in this case the first distribution stage receives a much higher load and the above-mentioned disadvantage of seed distribution occurs. This disadvantage can be eliminated by distributing the seeds over the deflector plate of the distributor. This requires the installation of an additional deflecting plate in the seed distributor [6, 9].
Keywords: supply, distributor, deflector, seed distribution, seeder.

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