UDC 631/635: 633/635: 633
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.008

YIELD STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES IN PLANT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
А.А.Kuteeva¹, deputy manager, applicant; G.F. Yartsev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
¹Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Agricultural Center" in the Orenburg Region, Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89228580936, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orenburg State Agrarian University", Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89128462695, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Plant damage by various diseases is often accompanied by a significant reduction in the yield of food crops. In this regard, the exclusion of losses of potential yield of spring wheat has a high relevance. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of formation of yield structure elements under the influence of various seed dressing agents and to identify their varietal characteristics. The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 on the southern chernozems of the educational and experimental field of the Orenburg SAU with the varieties Oren-burgskaya 10, Yugo-Vostochnaya 2, L 503 and seed dressers Scenic Comby, TMTD-plus, Turion, Raksil Ultra and Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t). Agronomic techniques corresponded to the zonal one. Field experiments were car-ried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the use of the seed dressers, with the exception of Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t), was accompanied by an increase in yield and associated with a positive change in the elements of the structure. Higher efficiency of the preparation Turion (0.35 l/t) was provided by the higher weight of grains per ear (0.28 g) with not the highest density of productive stem (341 units/m2). Being inferior to its effectiveness, Raxil Ultra (0.25 l/t) and TMTD-plus (2.5 l/t) did not provide the same or higher levels of yield due to lower grain weight per ear (0.27 g and 0.26 g) at a higher density of productive stems - 349 and 354 units/m2. Different varieties are characterized by individual characteristics of the correlation of yield with the elements of the structure. If the weight of grains per ear had the greatest impact on the yield of all varieties, the second most important element for the varieties Orenburgskaya 10 and Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the mass of 1000 grains, and for the variety L-503 - the density of productive stem, which for the variety Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the third most important element of the structure, and for the variety Orenburgskaya 10 was not included in the number of significant elements.
Keywords: spring wheat, varieties, seed dressers, grain yield, yield structure.

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UDC 631.86: 633.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.011

IMPACT OF ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY OF CROPS CULTIVATION IN A GRAIN-FALLOW ROTATION ON THEIR YIELDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA REGION
O.A. Olenin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, researcher; S.N. Zudilin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.Y. Vasiliskov, post-graduate student; P.V. Melnikov, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Samara State Agrarian University”, Ust-Kinelsky, Kinel, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The influence of multi-component organic fertilizers and biopreparation on the prevalence of root rot and brown leaf rust and crop yield of grain-fallow crop rotation compared with mineral fertilizers and pesticides was studied. Organic technology of cultivation with integrated use of multicomponent organic fertilizers and biolog-ical preparations with functions of biofungicide and biobactericide provided an effective reduction of the inci-dence of field crops affected by root rot and brown leaf rust. The combined use of seed pelleting and bioprepa-ration during the vegetation period reduced the incidence of root rot compared to the control (without fertilizers and preparations) by 49.3 % in winter wheat, 45.8 % in spring durum wheat and 31.0 % in barley. On average by preparations, polyfunctional biopreparations with double treatment during the growing season gave an in-crease in yield of 6.0-8.2 % compared to the pesticide application variants.
Keywords: organic fertilisers, biopreparations, root rot, brown leaf rust, yield.

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UDC 633.112.631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.005

EVALUATION OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I.R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Scientific Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of studies on the adaptability of winter triticale varieties of different eco-logical and geographical zones under the agroecological conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus in terms of yield. The research was carried out on the fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020-2022. Six winter triticale varieties developed in different ecological and geographical regions were used to study their adaptability. Climatic conditions varied in the study years. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.4 to 0.3. A negative index was characteristic of 2020, when soil and air drought during the vegetation period was a factor affecting yields. The winter triticale varieties studied showed different adaptability. The Gor and Hortenso varieties showed a high tolerance to environmental stressors. The varieties Gor and Hortenso showed a stable high ear productivity (136.3 and 141.0 %). The drought tolerance index (DSI) values up to one were for the varieties Gor (0.38) and Hortenso (0.67), and Almaz equal to one (1.04). High values of the PPI were ob-tained for the varieties Gor (18.4), Hortenso (17.3) and Almaz (13.8). The variation of yield trait by variety was 9.6-29.3%. The varieties Gor (9.6 %) and Hortenso (13.7 %) had the lowest coefficient of variation. The follow-ing varieties are recommended for practical breeding for productivity and drought tolerance under the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus: Gor, Hortenso, and Almaz.
Keywords: breeding, winter triticale, productivity, drought tolerance.

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UDC 633.854.78
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.004

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISATION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN TERMS OF THEIR ECONOMIC VALUE AND ADAPTABILITY COEFFICIENT
А.V. Lekarev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Research Scientist;
L.А. Gudova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Research Scientist;
О.А. Polevaya Senior Research Scientist; А.V. Pominov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Research Scientist
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of South-East", Saratov,
Russia тел. 89271242886, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The paper presents the results of the study of sunflower hybrids breeding FSBSI "FASC of South-East" in the period 2019-2022, which were evaluated according to the following indicators: oilseed yield, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil yield per unit area. It was found that the oilseed yield of the standard sunflower hybrid YuVS 3 varied in the range of 1.85-5.67 t/ha, the experimental hybrids - 1.35-3.68 t/ha in the years of research. On average over the years of research, the highest yield under factor A (hybrid) was found in hybrid PG 16u×966 (3.10 t/ha), 1000 seeds weight in hybrid YuVS 3 (57.12 g), oil content 50,0 % and higher in hybrids PG 32×966, PG 32×50, PG 3116×ATI, PG 16u×966, oil yield per unit area in hybrid PG 16u×966 (1.46 t/ha). For factor B (year), the hybrids formed the highest average yield in 2022, 1000 seed weight in 2019, oil content and oil yield in 2020. The greater influence on the variability of the trait "oil seeds yield" was exerted by mutual influence of the factors AB (46,6%), mass of 1000 seeds - factor A (38,0%), oil capacity and oil yield - factor B (59,9% and 47,7%, respectively). Zhivotkov adaptability coefficient (CA) was used as an indicator of adaptability, according to which PG 16u×966 and PG 3116×ATI hybrids are characterized by high adaptability (CA >100%) for all studied traits.
Keywords: sunflower, hybrid, yield, 1000 seed weight, oil content, adaptability.

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