Journal 2022 - Volga Region Farmland

Agronomy

UDC 633.15+631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.002

THE ROLE OF MICROELEMENT FERTILIZERS IN CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHESIS IN SUGAR BEET LEAVES
E.V. Zheryakov¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; S.A. Semina¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; Yu.I. Zheryakova²
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia
²Branch office of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Russian Centre of Forest Health – Forest Protection Center of Penza Region, Penza. Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of a triple foliar treatment of sugar beet crops of different genotypes with liquid micronutrient plants on the dynamics of chlorophyll synthesis in the leaves. It was found that 10 days after the first treatment with micronutrient fertilizer, irrespective of the genotype of the hybrid, there was a tendency for chlorophyll content in the leaves to increase. The increase in chlorophyll a was 29.6-52.4 % and chlorophyll b – 13.6-31.4 %. The highest total chlorophyll concentration was obtained with POLYDON BORON and ranged from 1.414% in hybrid BTS 590 to 1.696% in hybrid Predator. During 10 days after the second foliar treatment, the leaves of hybrid Predator were more active in chlorophyll synthesis and the superiority was POLYDON BORON and POLYDON MOLYBDENUM: the relative increase of chlorophyll was 16.1-19.9% compared to the control, and more chlorophyll a was accumulated (increase to the control 8.0-21.5%), while the increase of chlorophyll b was 1.1-2.3% compared to the control. Thirty days after the second treatment, the stimulating effect was maintained in all variants with microfertilizers, but the strongest effect was produced by POLYDON BORON, the variant with POLYDON MOLYBDENUM was only slightly inferior to it in effectiveness. Ten days after the third treatment, compared to the variant with water, the following tendency in terms of chlorophyll sum (a + b) was found for all hybrids: POLYDON BORON exceeded the control by 35.6-36.1 %, POLYDON MOLYBDENUM – by 25.8-27.6 %, POLYDON MANGANESE – by 17.5-26.5 %, and POLYDON ZINC – by 10.4-17.3 %. The same pattern persisted for chlorophyll a and b. Twenty days after the third foliar treatment, there was a decrease in all photosynthetic pigments by harvest time, but the positive effect of microelement fertilization was maintained.
Keywords: sugar beet, hybrid, microelement fertilizers, chlorophyll

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UDC 631.582:631.147
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.004

PRODUCTIVITY OF FODDER CROPS IN SHORT ROTATIONAL CROP ROTATIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
V.S. Plaksina, Senior Research Officer; A.N. Astashov, Chief Research Officer, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize", Saratov, Russia, tel. 8(8452)794969, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of studies on the productivity of forage crops in experimental crop rotations under the arid conditions of the Lower Volga Region. The purpose of the study was to investigate the produc-tivity and nutritional value of forage crops grown in short crop rotations under conditions of insufficient mois-ture. Studies were conducted on the experimental field of the RosNIISK "Rossorgo" in 2020-2022. Experimental crop rotations with short rotation were developed and introduced with forage crops occupying 20 to 33 % of the cultivated area. The material for the study were recognized varieties included in the State Register of Selection Achievements: grain sorghum (Granat), maize (RNIISK-1), soybean (Marina), chickpea (Bonus), Sudan grass (Spartanka), sunflower (Aktiv), phacelia (Natalia), Japanese millet (Gotika). The great diversity of crops not only makes it possible to develop crop rotations with an optimal structure of cultivated areas, but also to provide the necessary supply of forages for animal husbandry. The highest yield of above-ground biomass was obtained for maize (33.65 t/ha) and sunflower (35.48 t/ha) in three-field crop rotation. Soybeans produced the highest biomass yield in the four-field crop rotation with winter wheat as the preceding crop (16.58 t/ha). The highest yield productivity of grain sorghum, Sudan grass and phacelia was found in the four-field crop rotation with soybeans as the preceding crop. The yield productivity of phacelia is higher in the four-field crop rotation on the soybean as the preceding crop (23.47 t/ha). Japanese millet formed a high biomass yield in the five-field crop rotation with winter wheat as the preceding crop (21.83 t/ha). The results obtained for protein, fat, fibre, ash and nitrogen-free extractive substances have important practical value as they provide essential information for choosing the most valuable and suitable crops for livestock feeding. Keywords: crop rotation, organic farming, yield productivity, above-ground biomass, biochemical analy-sis, gross energy.

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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.005

MODIFICATION VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS IN PEA LINES
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; R.M. Bakaldin, Postgraduate; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The study of variability features and interrelationships between elements of yield structure is an important prerequisite for predicting selection efficiency, which helps to ensure that the best genotypes are widely incor-porated into the breeding process. The purpose of the study is to assess the nature of variability in key productivity traits and to determine the degree of their interrelationship in the progeny of the original plants in order to justify targeted selection in subsequent generations. The study showed that the selected progeny from the hybrid population represent a sufficient diversity of forms differing in key elements of productivity, which increases the possibility of finding and further selecting genotypes with the optimal combination of traits. The regression and correlation analysis showed that the basic resulting trait, "weight of grains per plant", is prede-termined by the number of beans and grains formed per plant. However, the limits of variation have a linear interdependence, which makes it difficult to establish optimal parameters for productivity traits for direct selec-tion of valuable genotypes.
Keywords: peas, selection, correlation coefficient, variation coefficient, number of seeds from a plant, number of beans, grain weight.

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UDC 631.87
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.007

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF CROPS
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; Y.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; E.I. Pozubyonkova, Candidate of Economic sciences, assistant-professor, А.Y. Kozarenko, bachelor-student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Effective crop production is based on a balanced supply of macro- and microelements. The use of alterna-tive supplementary sources of nitrogen and other nutrients is very relevant for agricultural production. The en-vironmentally safe microbiological fertilizers not only protect plants from diseases and pests, but also stimulate their growth and development, and therefore increase the yield. The article reflects the results of the use of microbiological fertilizers Azotovit and Phosphatovit in the cultivation of grain, oil-bearing and industrial crops. These fertilizers helped to achieve the yield of winter wheat grain up to 4.13 t/ha, spring barley - 3.76 t/ha, spring wheat - 3.42 t/ha, sunflower seed up to 2.55 t/ha and sugar beet root crops - up to 56.79 t/ha. The efficiency of application of microbiological fertilizers was calculated, where the conditional net income from combined treat-ment of grain crops before sowing with microbiological fertilizers Azotovit and Phosphatovit was 27,833 ru-bles/ha for spring barley, 5,788 rubles/ha for spring wheat, 10,015 rubles/ha for winter wheat. The situation was similar for sunflower, where conditional net income increased to 25,032 rubles/ha, and for sugar beet - to 116,502 rubles/ha. The application of these microbiological fertilizers in the technology of cultivation of grain, oil-bear-ing and industrial crops in the soil-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region leads to the formation of environmentally friendly products and is cost-effective.
Keywords: microbiological fertilizers Azotovit and Phosphatovit, cereals, oil-bearing and industrial crops, yield, grain, root crops, application efficiency.

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UDC 579.64: 547.46'054.4.
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.008

EFFECT OF RHIZOBACTERIAL BIOPREPARATION ON GROWTH, MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM-FIBROUS COTTON VARIETIES
S.E. Narmatov, PhD student; M. M. Darmanov, PhD; Senior Research Officer; R.R. Akhmedov, Senior Research Officer; Z.T. Buriev, Doctor of Biological Sciences
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Universitetskaya str., 2, Tashkent, 111215, Uzbekistan, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Agriculture is a main economic branch of many countries. In integrated plant nutrition management sys-tems, various biological stimulants are effective in increasing yields. The use of rhizobacteria leads to significant improvements in plant biology. This study examined the effect of a rhizobacterium-based biopreparation on the growth of cotton plant varieties belonging to the G. hirsutum species. During the study, the plants were grown in three different locations and their morpho-biological and agronomic traits were studied. After treatment with the biopreparation, plant height, number of sympodia, number of boll buds and seed weight significantly im-proved. And the germination and flowering of plants were also accelerated. It was found that rhizobacteria have a positive effect on cotton plant growth, leading to an increase in agronomic characteristics such as the number of buds, flowers, bolls and sympodia.
Keywords: cotton, rhizobacteria, variety, economic characteristics, chlorophyll content, plant growth.

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UDC 633.51:577.15
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.009

CHANGES IN PROLINE CONTENT IN COTTON PLANT LEAVES DUE TO EXPOSURE TO LOW POSITIVE TEMPERATURES
A.S. Imamkhodzhaeva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory; N.R. Rakhmatova, (PhD), Senior Research Officer; Sh.B. Kodirova, Research Assistant; Sh.E. Shermatov, (PhD), Scientific Secretary; Z.T. Buriev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Director
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors to which all living organisms are exposed. Extreme temperatures, both high and low, seriously reduce cotton yields and affect cotton physiology, biochemistry, and quality, resulting in poor agronomic production. In this article, the response of cotton seedlings to low positive temperatures is exemplified by one of the low molecular weight secondary metabolites, proline (Pro). Under the influence of temperatures of 4 0С, 10 0С, 15 0С, and 24 0С in the early stage of seedling vege-tation, changes in the concentrations of this amino acid, measured with a UV-19 spectrophotometer, were de-tected.
Keywords: cotton plant, temperature, proline, cold stress, cell membrane, climate chambers, seedlings.

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UDC 633.85:631:526.32
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.010

OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CRAMBE ABYSSINICA SEEDS DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION PRACTICES
T.Y. Prakhova¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences; I.V. Odrin², post-graduate student
¹Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre for Bast Crops", Tver, Russia, tel. 89534479608, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia

The article presents the study of the effect of crambe seeds treatment with microfertilizers and methods of its sowing on oil content and fatty acid composition. The seeds of crambe abyssinica of the Demetra variety grown in 2019-2021 in the experimental field of the Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops of the separate division of Penza Research Institute of Agriculture were used as an object of study. The hydrothermal coefficient ranged from 0.68 to 0.95 during the years of research. The highest oil content was recorded in 2020 and ranged from 36.84 to 38.16% depending on the variants. On average over the three years the highest oil content was observed for variants with application of microfertilizers Humate+7 and Cytovit, which was 34.21 % and 34.83 % and exceeded the control by 0.83 % and 1.45 %. Oil content was 0.57 % higher when sown in rows than when sown broadly, averaging 34.36 %. Microfertilizer application increased the oleic acid content and decreased the concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids. The lowest concentration of linolenic acid was recorded in crambe seeds after treatment with Cytovit (6.03 %), that of linoleic acid - after application of Megamix (7.67 %). Max-imum accumulation of oleic acid (15.98 %) contributed to the use of Megamix. The application of the microfer-tilizers Humate+7, Agroverm and Cytovit did not significantly reduce the content of erucic acid to 59.04-59.24 %. On the contrary, treatment of seeds with Megamix increased the accumulation of erucic acid to 59.40 %. The content of linoleic and linolenic acids was higher with the row sowing method at 9.19 and 6.34 %. The concen-tration of oleic acid was 15.60 % at the wide-spaced sowing method. The accumulation of erucic acid was the highest on the wide-spaced sowing method. Its content was 58.79 %, which was 0.58 % higher than its concen-tration on the row sowing.
Keywords: crambe abyssinica, micro-fertilizers, sowing methods, oil content, fatty acid composition.

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UDC 633.88+631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.011

EFFECT OF THE EXOGENOUS GROWTH REGULATOR ZIRCON ON THE YIELD ECHINACEA PURPUREA SEEDS OF THE FOURTH YEAR OF LIFE
V.А. Gushchina¹, Doctor of Argicultural Sciences, Professor; Е.О. Nikolskaya², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, deputy head of the Penza Forest Seed Station department, N.V. Kochemazova, post-graduate student
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Branch of FBI RCFH - Penza Oblast Forestry Centre, Penza, Russia

Plantation cultivation of medicinal plants is essential for the development of domestic herbal medicines. However, the limiting factor is the limited amount of seeds, including Echinacea purpurea. The aim of the in-vestigation is to study the influence of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding of plants by the growth regulator Zircon on features of seed formation, viability and productivity of Echinacea of the fourth year of life under the stressful weather conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. As a result of studies conducted in 2018...2020 on meadow-chernozem soil of the experimental plot of Penza State Agrarian University, it was noted that the average number of seeds in inflorescence was 472 pcs. with the weight of 1.59 g and 80% plump-ness was formed on the background of mineral fertilizers with foliar treatment of plants with Zircon in the phase of leaf rosette followed by budding, providing the highest yield of seeds - 532.7 kg/ha. Moreover, the most favourable for the development of seeds was in 2020 (HTC 1.21), when two leaf dressings on a mineral back-ground in the inflorescence formed 518 seeds, with their weight 1.74 g. The number of accomplished achenes was 432 pcs/inflorescence, the yield - 652.3 kg/ha.
Keywords: Zircon growth regulator, Echinacea purpurea, plumpness, 1000 seed weight, seed yield

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UDC 633.262: 631.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.012

INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATE OF SMOOTH BROME ON THE FORMATION AND YIELD OF AGROCENOSIS
O.A. Timoshkin¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, V.A. Trishina², Postgraduate
¹Federal State budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops", Tver, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia

Experimental work to determine the optimal sowing dates for smooth brome was carried out in the experimental field of the Agricultural Technologies Laboratory of the separate subdivision of Penza Agricultural Research Institute. The purpose of the study was to experimentally justify the timing of sowing to optimize the production process and the formation of a high yield of the smooth brome variety "Udalets" under the foreststeppe conditions of the Middle Volga Region. The research programme included the following tasks: investigation of the peculiarities of the formation of the agroecenosis of smooth brome depending on the sowing time, revealing the influence of the studied cultivation methods on the yield of green mass, smooth brome seeds and their structural elements. Seven sowing dates were studied – May (I, II, III decade), June (I, II decade), August (III decade) and September (I decade). Field experiments, records, and analyses were conducted in accordance with the "Guidelines for Field Experiments of Forage Crops." The study years were characterised by dry and wet conditions during the growing seasons, with a hydrothermal coefficient averaging 0.8 (2021), 1.0 (2022) during May-August. As a result of the study, a reliable influence of the studied factors on the formation of agrocenosis in the year of the beginning of the experiment, the yield of green mass and seeds in the year of use was found. The maximum yield of green mass of smooth brome was 35.5-37.2 t/ha when sown in the first and second decades of May. In terms of seed yield, early spring sowing date was advantageous at 614 kg/ha.
Keywords: smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis Leys.), sowing time, germination, preservation, yield, green mass, nutritional value, seeds.

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UDC 631.8 + 57.054
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.015

INCREASING FIELD GERMINATION OF SPRING BARLEY SEEDS OF THE SURSKIY FAVORITE VARIETY WHEN TREATED BEFORE SOWING WITH GROWTH REGULATORS
G.А. Karpova¹, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant Professor; V.V. Koshelyaev², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.P. Koshelyaeva², Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; D.G. Teplitskaya¹, Senior Lecturer
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State University», Penza, Russia, 8(841)2643913, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia

Pre-sowing seed treatment is primarily aimed at increasing field germination, which determines the density of the agrocenosis and is directly related to the final yield. Researches in this area are very relevant, as they allow to give a theoretical justification for the applied agro-technique. In the article the questions of increasing field germination of spring barley seeds of the variety Surskiy Favorite are considered when they are treated before sowing with growth regulators Epin-Extra, Mival-Agro, Ribav-Extra and Krezatsin. The aim of the investigation was to study physiological and biochemical processes during germination of barley seeds determining their la-boratory and field germination under the action of growth regulators. The study of the water uptake processes showed that the reaching of threshold levels of seed humidity necessary to activate their general metabolism and capable of germination under the action of Ribav-Extra and Krezatsin was reduced by 3-4 hours. The total ac-tivity of α- and β-amylase in barley grains during upswelling in the interval from one to four hours in these variants increases by 7.1-20.8 %. In the first eight hours of water entry into the seeds the peroxidase activity in the variants with growth regulators increases by 4.5-7.1 times relative to dry grains and exceeds the control by 110.0-230.2 %. The highest values are registered in the variants with Ribav-Extra and Krezatsin. The change of physiological and biochemical processes and indicators causes the increase of germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds, which are in correlation with them. Under the action of Krezatsin, the germination energy and laboratory germination increased by 6.5 and 10.6 %, and under the action of Ribav-Extra - by 8.9 and 13.4 %, respectively. The results of the correlation and regression analysis showed a direct correlation between la-boratory and field germination. Under field conditions in 2017-2019, an increase in field germination was found, on average, by 6.3-6.5 % over the three years, which further ensured higher density of agrocenosis and played a role in yield formation (Ribav-Extra - yield increase by 620 kg/ha, Krezatzin - 590 kg/ha).
Keywords: spring barley, grain moisture, α- and β-amylase activity, peroxidase, germination energy, la-boratory germination, field germination.

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UDC 631.8.022.3+633.31/37
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.016

AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRE-SOWING SEED PREPARATION IN THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF THE SULTAN VARIETY OF FODDER BURNET (POTERIUM POLYGAMUM WALDST)
S.A. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.V. Panfilov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Tagirov, Postgraduate; V.S. Koldaeva, Postgraduate; I.A. Konnov, Student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", tel. 8(8412)62-83-75, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the improvement of cultivation technology, seed preparation is very important. By acting on the seed, it is possible to regulate the growth and development of plants to a certain extent through the use of growth regu-lators, with the maximum possibility of realising the genetic potential of forage crops with a certain product quality. In the selection of growth regulators, attention was paid to ecological requirements, low preparation consumption per unit mass treated, and their production from natural bioresources. For this purpose, the study of methods for improving the sowing qualities of seeds of perennial forage plants called fodder burnet of the Sultan variety with a fundamentally new technology of preparation before sowing using an IS-1.0 inoculator acquires scientific and practical value. The technological scheme of the inoculator is based on a technical solu-tion – the continuous action of the medium in the form of mist on the seed material during the continuous transport of the seed. Research has shown that treatment of seeds of fodder burnet of Sultan variety with growth regulators, using environmentally friendly technology of seed material preparation with the application of the IS-1.0 seed inoculator, increased the yield of green mass and seeds of fodder burnet 37.5 t/ha and 1113 kg/ha, respectively.
Keywords: pre-sowing treatment, seeds, poterium polygamum, growth regulators, inoculator, germina-tion, increase, yield, green mass.

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UDC 574.23: 574.24: 577.2.01
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.017

EVALUATION OF SALT TOLERANCE IN UZBEK COTTON VARIETIES (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) FOR THE STUDY OF SOS GENES
I.B. Salakhutdinov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory; V.S. Kamburova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Officer; E.E. Khurshut, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Officer; D.M. Zuparova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Research Officer; G.F. Mamatkulova, Junior Research Officer, Doctoral Student; F.S. Radzhapov, Junior Research Officer; D.I. Tozhibaeva, Junior Research Officer, D.K. Bazarov, Junior Research Officer
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, tel. +998 94 614-38-53, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article presents the results of studies evaluating the salt stress tolerance of Uzbek cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which are part of a project to study SOS (Salt Overly Sensitive) genes that play one of the key roles in plant resistance to salt stress. Previously, we selected and analyzed directly SOS genes from a large number of salt tolerance genes using sequences from the entire cotton genomes of G. hirsutum. As a result, these genes were identified in both the A- and D- genomes of the cotton plant and their genetic structure was determined. The purpose of this work is to develop new transgenic salt-tolerant varieties intended for sowing in regions with unfavourable conditions. However, to identify the most promising forms of the gene, we studied the salt tolerance of 24 local cotton varieties. The varieties were first selected according to the characteristics indicated by the variety developers, with a contrasting expression of the trait. The varieties were then evaluated under controlled stress conditions, resulting in the identification of the most salt-tolerant and susceptible cotton varieties. In this way, the basis for the subsequent identification of the most promising SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 alleles of cotton plant genes and their combinations by comparative genetic sequence analysis using DNA sequencing was established.
Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, salinization, tolerance, phenotype, genotype, comparative anal-ysis.

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UDC 631.5 + 633.63 + (470.4)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.018

SUGAR BEET YIELD FORMATION DEPENDING ON THE BASIC TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND STUBBLE DESTRUCTOR IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
A.E. Kolesov, postgraduate; S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; O.A. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412)628-546, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This paper presents the results of the study of the efficiency of basic tillage systems with stubble destructor to increase the yield and quality of sugar beet roots in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga Region. It was found that the optimal soil density values developed in the variants with two-phase mouldboard and non-mould-board tillage. The minimum tillage variant showed significant soil compaction and reduction in productive mois-ture reserve. The highest sugar beet yield (43.68 t/ha) was observed in the variant with two-phase mouldboard tillage. The use of non-mouldboard and minimum shallow tillage contributed to yield reductions of 3.95 and 5.84 t/ha, respectively. The use of stubble destructor increased sugarbeet root yield by 0.41 t/ha in the variant with two-phase mouldboard tillage, by 0.64 t/ha in the variant with two-phase non-mouldboard, by 0.87 t/ha in the variant with minimum shallow basic tillage variant.
Keywords: sugar beet, basic tillage system, stubble destructor, soil density, productive moisture reserve, yield.

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UDC 633.2+ 631.81.095.337
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.019

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF FESTULOLIUM CROPS WHEN TREATING SEEDS WITH MICROELEMENT FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATIONS
А.А. Galiullin¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; Е.А. Kalinichev¹, lecturer; F.A. Mudarisov², Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; А.А. Naumov¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 62-81-51; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education " Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422) 55-95-47, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;

The article considers the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of Festulolium sowings when using pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microelement fertilizers and biological preparations. In the course of the two-factor experiment on the photosynthetic activity of Festulolium sowings of the varieties VIK-90 (tetraploid) and Izumrudny (hexaploid) and the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with complex microelement fertilizers and bacterial preparations it was established that the dynamics of foliage, leaf surface area, photosynthetic po-tential and net photosynthetic productivity of Festulolium agrocenosis are caused primarily by variety features of the studied plant. Thus, in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region, the highest values were recorded for the variety Izumrudny. Due to better adaptation, development of a more powerful root system and accelerated early spring regrowth, it formed a herbage characterized by relatively greater foliage and leaf surface, which in conjunction with the presence of the herbage in the active state contributed to increased photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic productivity. The use of Azosol-36 Extra, Megamix-Profi, Siliplant, Na Hu-mate, Agrika and Agat-25 Super for pre-sowing seed treatment had a positive effect on the increase of photo-synthetic apparatus of Festulolium agrocenosis of the studied varieties. Thus, for all variants of the experience during the years of research a significant increase relative to the control variant was obtained. The highest effi-ciency was recorded with seed treatment with Agrika + microelements.
Keywords: introduction, Festulolium, perennial grasses, agrocenosis, micronutrient fertilizers, bioprepa-rations, photosynthesis.

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UDC 631.81
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.020

EFFECTIVENESS OF USING AQUARINE AND HUMATE IN THE CULTIVATION OF CARROTS ON SOD-PODZOL SOILS
S.М. Nadezhkin^1,2, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; А.V. Molchanova¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; М.S. Antoshkina¹, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; А.А. Koshevarov¹, М.Y. Markarova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences
¹Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing, VNIISSOK village, Moscow region, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Educational and experimental Soil-Ecological Center of the Faculty of Soil Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chashnikovo, Moscow region, Russia

The article presents data on the effect of humic fertilizers TorEks and Ecorost and vegetable aquarine on the formation of yield and quality of garden carrots of Marlinka variety. The research was conducted on sod-podzolic soil of the central non-chernozem zone. In the conditions of field experiments it was established that the application of humates TorEks and Ecorost on the background of N90P90K120 increased the marketable yield from 45.9 to 53.8-54.0 t/ha, or by 17.2-17.6%. The application of vegetable aquarine at a concentration of 0.6-0.8 % resulted in increasing the productivity by 9.1-10.6 t/ha, or by 19.8 and 23.1 % compared to the background. The marketability of root carrots increased from 89.6 % in the background to 91.6-62.0 % when humates and aquarine were used. The use of humates increased the dry matter content by 1.0 %, and that of aquarine - by 1.2-1.4 %. The content of vitamin C was increased by 0.31-0.44 under the influence of humates and by 0.80-0.97 mg/100 g under the influence of aquarine. The amount of beta-carotene increased by 0.6-0.8 when humates were used and by 0.8-1.5 mg/100 g when aquarine was used. Humic preparations and aquarine had no significant effect on the content of fibre, crude protein and fat in root crops. Under the influence of humates, the nitrogen content increased by 21.5-21.9 kg/ha, the phosphorous content - by 9.8 kg/ha and the potassium content - by 49.3 kg/ha; aquarine added 30.6-37.3, 13.0-14.5 and 60.7-74.5 kg/ha, respectively. When humates were used, the return on 1 kg of NPK increased by 25.0-25.6 kg/kg, and with aquarine by 28.6-34.0 kg/kg of root crops.
Keywords: garden carrots, humate, aquarine, fertiliser, yield, biochemical composition, carotene.

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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products

UDC 636.084.524
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.006

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIC FORMS OF IODINE AND SELENIUM ON THE QUALITY OF EDIBLE EGGS
G.I. Boryaev¹, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; S.L. Lyublinsky², Candidate of Biological Sciences; Е.V. Polyakova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences; А.А. Kuznetsov¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences; А.V. Nosov¹, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; А.М. Vasiliev¹, postgraduate student; P.А. Kurochkina¹, master-degree student
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia,
²Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Scientific Center for Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412)628563, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The inclusion of organic forms of iodine and selenium in the diet of laying hens in order to obtain dietary eggs enriched with these trace elements was studied. One of the main physiological sources of iodine and sele-nium intake for humans is food of animal origin. Enrichment of food eggs with iodine and selenium in natural, covalent form is a promising direction in the practice of poultry farming. The conducted research shows that the use of iodized milk protein in the diets of laying hens makes it possible to obtain iodized eggs with a manageable content of organic iodine from 50 to 70 micrograms. Iodine in the iodized egg is preserved even after heat treatment. The increase in the concentration of microelements in protein and yolk compared to the control is observed on the third day after starting to feed laying hens with milk iodized protein and selenopyran. There is a direct dependence of iodine and selenium content in egg on the concentration of the microelements in the feed in organic and inorganic form. When organic forms of iodine and selenium were introduced into the feed in an amount of 0.5 g/t, an average of 50 μg of iodine and 12 μg of selenium were found in the egg; when the concen-tration in the feed was increased to 0.7 g/t, the content of the microelements increased to 65 and 18 μg respec-tively. Iodine and selenium losses in protein and yolk during cooking do not exceed 6 %, which indicates almost complete preservation of the microelements during heat treatment of eggs.
Keywords: organic iodine and selenium, food eggs, iodine preservation, heat treatment

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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex

UDC 621.865.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.003

MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE ENGINE BY PRESSURE IN THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM OF KAMAZ VEHICLES
V.V. Lyandenbursky¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.T. Kulakov², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; K.Z. Kukhmazov³, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; V.V. Konovalov⁴, Doctor of Technical
Sciences, Professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State University of Architecture and Construction", Penza, Russia;
²Naberezhnye Chelny Institute branch of the Federal State Independent Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kazan Federal University", Kazan, Russia;
³Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 65-82-42 E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
⁴Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia

The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology for non-dismountable determination of the tech-nical condition of the crankshaft of KAMAZ diesel engines during its operation. The research methodology viewed the following: modernization of the diagnosis of the lubrication system of KAMAZ vehicles by installing a pressure sensor in the crankcase of an engine; development and application of a method for the non-dismount-able diagnostics of the degree of wear of the bearings of an internal combustion engine (ICE) by measuring the pressure in the oil line during engine operation; experimental testing of the hypothesis and subsequent analysis of the results of part wear. Measuring the oil pressure in the lubrication system at the section of the oil supply bore to the connecting rod bearings, namely in the area of the crankshaft axis after the main journals, enables the technical condition of the engine crankshaft to be assessed. The presence of wear of the system parts increases the clearance in the main bearing and, under load, there is a relative eccentricity of the connecting rod axle in the main bearing. Increased leakage reduces the oil supply to the crankshaft bore and lowers the oil pressure. By comparing the oil pressures of the diagnosed and the new engines, the integral degree of wear of the diagnosed bearings is determined and the remaining service life of the engine is assessed. Experimental verification con-firmed that this hypothesis is true. The application of the proposed method for assessing the technical condition of the ICE makes it possible to reliably determine the condition of the crank connecting-rod gear with 95% probability, as well as to predict the time of trouble-free engine operation.
Keywords: car, lubrication system, sensor, on-board diagnosis, slider crank mechanism bearing.

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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.013

LABORATORY STUDIES OF A SINGLE-DISC COULTER WITH A GAUGE WHEEL OF THE S-7.2PM4 SEEDER
M.A. Papshev, Postgraduate; V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article deals with the relevant issue of improving the quality of seed sowing of cereal crops. It points out that the existing tine and disc coulters have high draught resistance, form a wide furrow that is difficult to cover, and do not provide good ground contour following. All this has a negative effect on the uniformity of distribution of plant seeds, both over the length of the row and the depth of embedding. The most promising way to improve the quality of the sowing unit is to equip grain seeders with combined coulters. The article proposes a design of the coulter with a gauge wheel of the pneumatic seeder for sowing cereal crops and presents the results of laboratory studies that led to obtaining the second-order regression equation, by which rational (opti-mal) values of the design parameters of the coulter with a gauge wheel are determined: coulter disc diameter 𝑑𝑑 = 0.38...0.41 m (0.4050 m); gauge wheel diameter 𝑑𝑘=0.27...0.29 m (0.2778 m); gauge wheel width 𝑚 = 0.038...0.047 m (0.0401 m), where the optimization parameter ϭ (standard deviation of seed distribution by row depth) was 1.25.
Keywords: grain seeder, laboratory studies, coulter with gauge wheel, sowing depth, seed distribution, soil.

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UDC 62-111.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.64.4.014

DETERMINING THE VARIABILITY OF NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE FEED HANDLING PROCESS
А.V. Chupshev¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor; V.P. Teryushkov¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor; V.V. Konovalov², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; M.V. Dontsova², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, (8412) 628-542, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The aim of the research is theoretical establishment of functional relationships linking the variation char-acteristics of animal feed distribution and its constituent nutrients with quantitative and variable technological indicators of feed distribution to animals. Methodology of the research included theoretical studies on definition of expressions describing variation interrelation of technological indicators of work of feed distributing and feed mixing equipment on the basis of mathematical statistics. Conducted researches allowed to establish basic ex-pressions connecting variation characteristics of quantity of feed (its mass) and quantity of nutrients given to an animal while feeding (also per day and for the period under study) both at a speed of a feeding machine, produc-tivity of its feed rationer, front of feeding an animal (width of a trough) and with their values of indicators (stand-ard deviation / coefficient of variation), and, besides, with irregular distribution of nutrients in the volume of a feed mixture.
Keywords: feed rationer, mixture, dependency, modelling, animal, mathematical model, feeding machine.

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Agronomy

UDC 577.12
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.002

CHANGES IN PROLINE CONTENTIN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL COTTON CULTIVARS UNDER SIMULATED ABIOTIC STRESS
A.S. Imamkhodzhayeva¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
N.R. Rakhmatova¹, Senior Research Officer; V.V. Uzbekov³, Senior Research Officer;
Sh.B. Kodirova¹, Research Assistant; A. Mamadzhanov², Research Assistant;
R.M. Artikova¹, Research Assistant; V.S. Kamburova¹, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
E.A. Latypova⁴, Associate Professor
¹Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, tel. +998 99 846-41-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan;
³Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan;
⁴Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (9680) 32-19-80, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Soil salinity is the main factor limiting agricultural productivity worldwide. Salt stress has a negative effect on the physiological processes of plants, which reduces the yield of agricultural crops, including cotton. In this regard, the creation of salinization-resistant varieties of cotton is an urgent task. To solve this problem, ongoing screening of plants for a sign of salt stress tolerance is necessary. One possible biochemical marker of salt tolerance is the level of proline in the plant tissue. In this connection, the purpose of this study was to investigate a number of morpho-physiological parameters and proline level in biotechnological cotton genotype ESKIMO1 and control genotype Coker-312 (seven-day-old seedlings and saplings on the 21st day of vegetation) under salinization conditions. The experiment showed that the hypocotyl length decreased in cotton seedlings of both genotypes under model salt stress. This decrease was more pronounced in the control genotype Coker-312. Research on proline levels in cotton seedlings under the same conditions revealed a reduction in the cotyledons and an increase in the roots. And the accumulation of proline in the roots at low and medium levels of salinization was more significant in the ESKIMO1 genotype. The study of the effect of salt stress on the proline content in the leaves of cotton seedlings showed a greater increase in the level of proline in the ESKIMO1 genotype, directly correlating with the degree of stresses.
Keywords: biotechnological genotype, cotton, salinity, resistance, proline.

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UDC 633.32+631.531.027
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.005

AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRE-SOWING SEED PREPARATION IN THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF HUNGARIAN CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PANNONICUM JACQ.) OF THE ANIK VARIETY
S.A. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Tagirov, graduate student; N.A. Karpov, graduate student; I.A. Konnov, student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Quality of seeds is important and valuable when it comes to improvement of agricultural crop cultivation technologies. Pre-sowing seed treatment, which involves the use of growth regulators, allows to regulate the growth and development of plants, which will allow to obtain higher yields of agricultural crops with a given product quality. Studies have established that when processing Hungarian Clover seeds with growth regulators and biologics using environment friendly seed preparation technology using the SS-0.5 seed scarifier and IS-1.0 inoculator, the yield of green mass and Hungarian Clover seeds was 51.8 t/ha and 776.4 kg/ha, respectively. The greatest economic effect was obtained when the seeds were treated with the bacterial preparation Rizotorphin-B together with the growth regulator Poly-Feed. When cultivated for seeds, the profitability level was 185.0 %, for fodder purposes – 147.9 %, energy income, when cultivated for seeds, was 90.99 GJ/ha, EER – 2.19 units, for fodder purposes – 22.32 GJ/ha, EER – 1.85 units.
Keywords: Hungarian Clover, pre-sowing treatment, technology, scarification, inoculation, growth regu-lator, biological preparation, scarifier, inoculator, yield.

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UDC 631/635
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.006

THE STATE OF AND WAYS TO INCREASE THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN PENZA REGION
A.V. Nosov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.M. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The paper considers the issues of distribution and use of land resources of the Penza region. It presents information about the agricultural land system. It is concluded that the agricultural land area for the period from 2012 to 2021 decreased by 4.5 thousand hectares. Basically, their reduction is due to the redistribution of land resources in connection with the bankruptcy and liquidation of organizations in the agricultural sector. As a result, the land resources are transfered to another category for infrastructure construction. It has been revealed what changes have occurred in the structure of the land fund by category over the past ten years. In order to determine the trend of change in acreage, the analytical leveling method was tested. The trend equation is compiled and a conclusion is made about the continuing growth factor of acreage. It is determined that the main land users in the region are agricultural organizations that have significant opportunities for effective work in a competitive environment.
Keywords: land resources, land fund, agricultural land, farm land, acreage, yield, gross harvest, efficiency

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UDC: 543.544: 575.116.4. 577.21:588.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.007

INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF NEW COTTON LINES EXPOSED TO NACI
N.R. Rakhmatova, PhD in Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher; A.H. Makamov, PhD in Biological Sciences, Laboratory Chief, Senior Researcher; M.M. Darmonov, PhD in Biological Sciences, Laboratory Chief, Senior Researcher; I.S. Normamatov, postgraduate student; A.S. Imamkhodzhayeva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Laboratory Chief, Senior Researcher; N.N. Khusenov, junior researcher; Zh.K. Norbekov, junior researcher; M.M. Kholmuradova, postgraduate student; U.A. Boykobilov, trainee researcher; Z.Z. Yuldasheva, junior researcher; Z.T. Buriev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Director, Senior Researcher
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents data on the study of complex hybrid combinations of the BC4F7 generation of cotton genotypes, an assessment of the growth rate by morpho-biological characteristics and their stability, created in laboratory conditions of salinization (200 mM NaCl). The content of salicylic acid in cotton tissues was studied under conditions of salinization of different intensity during cotton plants development.
Keywords: salicylic acid, NaCl, osmotic stress, stress resistance, liquid chromatography.

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UDC 633.11: 631.559
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.010

EFFECT OF MEGAMIX PREPARATIONS ON BIOMETRIC INDICATORS AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT
V.А. Isaichev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; N.N. Andreev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422) 55-95-16, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The research was conducted to study the peculiarities of biometric indicators formation and yield of spring wheat under the influence of foliar treatment with preparations of Megamix series. It was found that the maxi-mum growth of leaf surface area to the control was recorded in the variant of MEGAMIX - AZOT on the back-ground of complex mineral fertilizers. Increase of leaf area was 0.8 m2/ha - seedling phase; 1.6 m2/ha - tillering phase; 3.6 m2/ha - shooting phase; 6.9 m2/ha - earing phase. It was shown that the higher rate of accumulation of dry matter in all phases of growth and development was noted in the variant with MEGAMIX - AZOT on fertilized background. The tillering phase - 418.9 kg/ha, the shooting phase - 2424.6 kg/ha, the earing phase - 7121.6 kg/ha, the milky ripening phase - 8900.3 kg/ha. Yield increase compared to the control averaged 139 - 504 kg/ha, depending on the variant and nutritional background. The best result according to the three-year research was observed in the variant with MEGAMIX - AZOT + NPK and amounted to 3909 kg/ha.
Keywords: spring wheat, macro-micronutrient fertilizers, leaf area, photosynthetic potential, yield.

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UDC 633.112.1«321»:631.58:631.53.041(470.40/43)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.011

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION WITH THE DIRECT SEEDING TECHNOLOGY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
A.L. Toigildin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, M.I. Podsevalov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, I.A. Toigildina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, D.E. Ayupov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, R.A. Mustafina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Department assistant, N.A. Bogdanov, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8-(8422)55-95-75, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents material on the study of the effectiveness of the direct sowing technology of spring wheat in comparison with the recommended technology of its cultivation (factor A) on the background of the application rates of mineral fertilizers (factor B: B0 – without fertilizers; B1 – N45P30K30; B2 – N90P60K60). Research has shown that the field germination of spring wheat seeds increased by 3.4 % using the direct seeding technology compared to the traditional technology. This is explained by the high content of productive moisture in the seed layer due to the mulch cover and the absence of mechanical mixing of the soil, which usually leads to an increase in the volume of evaporating moisture under conditions of increasing air temperature. The appli-cation of starter mineral fertilisers increased the field germination of spring wheat by an average of 1.3-2.9 %.
The direct seeding technology of spring wheat after soybeans did not result in lower grain yields. Mineral ferti-lizers with an amount N45P30K30 increased yields by 0.69 t/ha or 22.4% according to traditional technology and by 0.64 t/ha or 20.7% according to direct seeding technology. An increase in the fertilizer application rate to N90P60K60 significantly led to an increase in yield compared to the average nutrition level. The direct seeding technology of spring wheat allowed saving 40-41 l/ha of POL and, in general, was cheaper by 2116-3802 ru-bles/ha or 8.3-13.2% more than the recommended technology. The largest notional net earnings were obtained on direct seeding technology on the background of mineral fertilizers with a rate of N45P30K30 – 18,500 rubles/ha with a production profitability level of 67.6%. An increase in the fertilizer rate to N90P60K60 significantly reduced economic efficiency on both the recommended and direct seeding technologies.
Keywords: direct seeding, spring wheat, field germination, economic efficiency.

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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.012

FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEA PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE FOLIAR APPLICATION ON DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; N.V. Shabyshev, Postgraduate; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article concerns the growth features and the development of pea plants depending on foliar fertilizing on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition. The fundamental indicators characterizing the degree of influence of the studied factors on growth processes are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to examine features of the growth and development of the pea and to identify techniques that ensure a high yield of dry matter as an effi-ciency indicator of the production process. The research objectives were: to rate the field germination of seeds, establish the plant safety, show the plant survival, study the growth dynamics and the yield of dry matter. The results revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on the studied indicator. However, the established morpho-physiological differences in the process of ontogenesis did not have a clear and stable effect on the yield of dry matter. Foliar dressings also contribute to the formation of higher indicators, but a stable positive effect on the yield of dry matter is provided with the application of Biostim Universal.
Keywords: pea, field germination, survival, safety, growth dynamics, interstage periods, dry matter yield.

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UDC 633.63+631.527
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.016

AGRONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SUGAR BEET HYBRIDS FROM DIFFERENT PRODUCERS IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE
Y.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; О.А. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; Е.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of production experiments to evaluate the cultivation of sugar beet hybrids in the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The following hybrids were studied: XM-1820 (St), Wapiti, Dominica, Dubravka, Zanzibar, Camel, Ritter, Britney and Yaroslav. The anal-ysis of the evaluation of the hybrids of sugar beet showed that hybrids vegetation period lasted 134-136 days, the thinness of sugar beet crops to the harvesting period varied from 1.9 to 6.4%. The Ritter hybrid had the highest average root crop weight of 554.6 g, while the Britney hybrid had the lowest, 288.2 g. The highest average yield over the years was 57.8 t/ha for the Ritter hybrid, while the lowest was 28.6 t/ha for the Britney hybrid. The sugar content of the sugar beet hybrids ranged from 16.9 to 18.1 %. The highest sugar content was in the XM-1820 (St) hybrid - 18.1 %, while the lowest was in the Dominica hybrid - 16.9 %. The highest notional net income, taking into account the additional cost for sugar content and transport costs, was obtained from the hybrid Ritter - 85093 rubles/ha, and the lowest notional net income was from the hybrid Britney - 14994 ru-bles/ha.
Keywords: sugar beet, hybrids, field germination, crop safety, productivity, sugar content, technology.

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UDC 633.35+632
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.018

THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FUNGICIDES IN GROWING LENTILS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; O.N. Sukhanova, associate professor; O.I. Ulanova, Candidate of Culturology, associate professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Various fungicides from different manufacturers are now available on the market. Some of the most pop-ular ones are produced by the company "Avgust". The lentil is characterised by low resistance to various diseases during the vegetation period. However, no fungicide treatment is carried out on lentils to reduce plant infection due to a lack of preparations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of fungicides from the range presented by "Avgust" on the development of diseases in lentil agrocenosis and to ensure a stable and high-quality grain yield in the unstable humidity conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga Region. Three systemic preparations were used with the fungicide activity enhancer – Allur adjuvant – for spraying during the flowering stage of small-seeded red lentil plants of the Redklif variety. The experiment was carried out on the collection plot of Penza State Agrarian University in 2018-2020 on meadow-chernozem soil according to generally accepted methods. The fungicides and the frequency of their application improved yield structure in relation to the control, but no differences were noted between the preparations used. On average over the three years the weight of seeds per plant when treated with fungicides was 1.41...1.54 g, which was 0.18...0.31 g more than in the control variant because the seeds were larger. It was indicated by the thousand-seed weight of 38.5...39.9 g against 36.7 g because the leaf apparatus function increased due to reduction of its damage by diseases. The highest lentil yields (1.79...1.82 t/ha) were obtained using the fungicides Rakurs, SC and Spirit, SC with no dependence on the frequency of treatment. The preparation Kolosal Pro, ME also increased the resistance of the plants to pathogens. This was reflected in a grain yield – 1.67 t/ha, which exceeded the control by 0.27 t/ha. The developed correlation-regression model, according to the Fisher's F-test, is adequately fitted to experimental data.
Keywords: lentils, fungicides, agriculture, yield, infection, vegetation period.

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UDC 631.5 + 633.63 + (470.4)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.019

EFFICIENCY OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN SUGAR BEET CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
А.E. Kolesov, post-graduate student; S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; О.А. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor, N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412)628-546, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article describes the effectiveness of resource-saving tillage systems for sugar beet in comparison with the traditional technology of sugar beet cultivation. Studies have shown that the efficiency of conservation tillage systems correlates with moisture availability in the growing season. The use of direct sowing in technology of sugar beet cultivation increases the yield of root crops in variants with traditional technology on the average by 1.51 t/ha, in variants with the use of intermediate sideration - by 1.41 t/ha. Resource-saving technologies of tillage and direct seeding provided the highest net profit - 44,788 rubles/ha, and when using the traditional system of tillage and direct seeding this indicator increased by 885-1,462 rubles/ha.
Keywords: sugar beet, conventional tillage system, resource-saving technologies, intermediate sideration, economic efficiency.

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UDC 631.8+635.64
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.021

ECOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF HUMIC PREPARATIONS AND WASTE FROM MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN THE CULTIVATION OF CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS
V.I. Gryazeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The quality of the cucumber seedlings in protected soil is the basis for the future harvest. Improving the quality of seedlings and shortening the seedling season is a relevant topic. Various components and stimulating preparations for greenhouse soils are now used to improve seedling cultivation technology. The research was car-ried out under the conditions of OAO "Penzenskiy Teplichnyy Kombinat". It was found that the application of waste from mushroom production into greenhouse soil as a component of seedling soil together with humostim increased the percentage of germination of cucumber plants by an average of 8-12%, depending on the experimental variant. The highest germination rates on the sixth day were in the variant with 80 % mushroom waste in green-house soil, and on the seventh day the germination rate averaged 98 % over the years of research. Studies have shown that cucumber seedlings grew most vigorously in greenhouse soil with 80 % mushroom waste and the prep-aration humostim. The growth rate was 0.90 to 1.0 cm, compared to 0.68 cm in the control. The use of mushroom waste as a soil component for growing cucumber seedlings on a humostim background increased the positive effect of all greenhouse soils on seedling age. The vegetation period was thus 32-34 days, which is 2-4 days less than the background without humostim. The highest biological resistance of seedlings was observed in greenhouse soils with application of 80 and 90 % musroom wastes and use of humostim on the background and and amounted 97.2-97.1 %. The most optimal cucumber seedlings at 32 days of age were grown on a background of humus fertilizer in greenhouse soil in the following ratio: 80% mushroom waste + 10% peat + 10% river sand.
Keywords: mushroom production wastes, humostim, seedlings, cucumber, vegetation periods, structure of early and total yield.

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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products

UDC 636.2.082.25:636.237.21
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.004

MILKING OF FIRST-CALF COWS AS THE FACTOR TO DETERMINE PRODUCTIVITY AND LONGEVITY OF COWS
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; S.Yu. Dmitrieva, Associate Professor; A.Y. Kuznetsov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To find out how the intensity of milking of the first-calf cows influences their productive longevity and lifelong milk yield, a study was conducted in the conditions of the Ramzai Educational and Farm of Penza State Agrarian University in a herd of Holstein black-and-white cattle. For this purpose, groups were formed according to the productivity level after the first lactation. Milk and lifetime productivity, duration of use of animals and life expectancy were evaluated according to the level of cow milking, as well as the correlation between milk yield of cows during the first lactation and lifetime milk productivity. As a result of the research, it was found that the average duration of animal use is 3.6 lactations; lifetime milk yield in the studied groups averages 22019.5 kg, the amount of milk fat is 861.0 kg, and the amount of milk protein is 598.6 kg. According to the milk productivity class of 7001 to 7500 kg in the first lactation, the group of animals significantly exceeded the other study groups in life expectancy (2663.62 days); in the duration of productive use (1385.38 days); in lifetime milk yield (27728.86 kg); in milk fat content (194.12 kg); in milk protein content (178.8 kg). The correlation coefficient between lifetime productivity and the first lactation milk yield had a weak positive connection and averaged 0.23. As a result of our research, we found that the most preferable periods of productive longevity are observed when milking first-calf heifers from 7001 to 7500 kg of milk per lactation.
Keywords: breed, milk productivity, milking, lactation, longevity, lifelong productivity.

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UDC 631.354.028
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.008

LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF THE CROP LIFTER OF A HARVESTING PLATFORM
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; E.V. Petrova, postgraduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article is devoted to an urgent topic – reducing grain losses during harvesting of laid grain crops. It provides a description of the design and the principle of operation of the proposed crop lifter, which allows tracing all the irregularities of the field surface, including lumps, bumps, anthills, etc., presents the procedure and results of laboratory and field studies to substantiate the structural and operating parameters of the crop lifter. As a result of processing experimental data, equations of parabolic dependencies with a high correlation index were obtained and graphs were constructed that characterize the correlation between the amount of grain losses behind the platform and the structural and operating parameters of the crop lifter. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the rational parameters of the proposed crop lifter, ensuring minimal grain losses, are: the length of the base l = 380...440 mm; the thickness of the retainer plate h = 2.5 ...3.0 mm; the operating speed ν = 5.0...6.5 km/h.
Keywords: laid grain crop, crop lifter, harvesting platform, tracing, grain losses, natural losses, yield, ir-regularities of the field surface.

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UDC: 636.52/.58.084.524
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.017

EFFECT OF A PRODUCT WITH HIGH ARACHIDONIC ACID CONTENT ON THE BLOOD VALUES AND IMMUNE STATUS OF POULTRY
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological sciences, professor; D.Y. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor; L.L. Oshkina, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; А.V. Ostapchuk, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor, А.R. Dashkina, student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The paper presents the results of studies to assess the effect of the product - mixture of microbial oils containing arachidonic acid, when it is included in an amount of 0.1% of the diet weight in the feed of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross. Arachidonic acid is an omega-6-unsaturated fatty acid and is essential for some animals. Arachidonic acid metabolites perform important regulatory functions, maintaining muscle tone, main-taining vascular integrity, preventing bleeding in injuries and many other functions [1]. In the present work, the biochemical profile of the studied supplement was preliminarily studied. In accordance with the objectives of the study, the biochemical (total protein content, albumin fraction, cholesterol of various fractions) and clinical parameters (hematocrit (PCV), leucogram, haemoglobin content, serum lysozyme content) of fattened poultry blood were studied during the experiments. A traditional diet based on mixed fodder was used as a control. The feed additive studied significantly increased the haemoglobin indices by 6-10%, hematocrit indices by 15-16% and also stimulated serum lysozyme activity by 22-25%. An increase in the proportion of macrophages and mast cells by 10-12 % was established. The results of these studies indicate the stimulation of anabolic and immune reactions in poultry due to the use of the feed additive.
Keywords: arachidonic acid, biotechnology, poultry immune status, poultry physiology, nutrition, Mor-tierella fungi, unsaturated fatty acids.

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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex

UDC 633.63:631.171
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.003

MODELLING THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ROTARY PADDLE ORIENTING DEVICE SHAFT
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.S. Chirkova, Student; D.A. Frolov, Student; N.N. Koldaev, Student;
A.S. Kostromitin, Student;R.I. Devlikamov Student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article considers the construction and the operating principle of the rotary paddle orienting device for planting of sugar beet mother root crops of conical form, which high-quality operation largely determines the technological process of a piece-by-piece feeding of root crops into the planting cones of a planting apparatus with the following planting of root crops with a cone downward into the soil. The fulfillment of agro-technological requirements for planting works largely determines the obtaining of planned harvests of sugar beet seeds. We have determined the loads, which work upon the drive shaft of a paddle rotor of a rotary paddle orienting device, and carried out its stress-strain analysis, which showed that the strength and rigidity of a designed and modelled shaft will ensure reliable operation of a rotary paddle device. Thus, the rotary paddle orienting device of the planting machine will provide piece-by-piece orientation of root crops, regardless of their size and taper.
Keywords: sugar beet, planting, stress-strain analysis, modelling, shaft, rotary paddle device.

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UDC 631.354.028
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.008

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UDC 632.08
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.013

INDUSTRIAL TEST RESULTS OF THE INSTALLATION FOR SEED TREATMENT
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; I.N. Semov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; K.S. Kondratieva, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Nowadays, the pre-sowing seed treatment is an important part of the general technology of cultivation of cereal crops for the formation of optimal phytopathological condition of crops [7]. Seeds are the primary source of the infection transmission into the soil and crops [12]. Disinfection of the seed material allows its protection at the earliest and most vulnerable phase of development. The equipment used in organizations for seed treatment does not always meet modern agrotechnical requirements, therefore it is necessary to undertake research to im-prove the quality of seed treatment. The most promising is the method of seed treatment when moving the grain flow in the bucket elevators when putting into storage [5]. The purpose of the study was to develop a device for disinfecting grain in flow when putting into storage. To implement this process, the department of "Mechaniza-tion of Technological Processes in the AIC" of Penza State Agrarian University developed the structural and technological schemes for grain disinfecting in flow when putting into storage. The device was tested in OOO "Kameshkir Feed-milling Plant", where its optimal parameters were determined under production conditions: the speed of the seed treater conveyor – in the range of 0.16 ... 0.37 m/s; the pressure in the nozzles – 0.25 ... 0.58 MPa.
Keywords: seed treatment, disinfection, continuous flow, seeds, treater.

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UDC 621.43.038
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.014

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE DEVICE FOR PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING
А.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Y.V. Polyvyanyj, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; P.N. Khorev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; О.S. Kalinina, lecturer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Cleaning and cooling are considered one of the main technological operations in the whole complex of primary milk processing operations. According to research by a number of authors, preservation of the original properties of milk is only possible when the number of micro-organisms is less than 200,000 per 1 cm3, with more than 1 million micro-organisms per 1 cm3 irreversible deterioration of milk quality occurs. Poor quality cleaning or untimely cooling of the milk leads to intensive multiplication of lactic acid bacteria. In 1 cm3 of freshly milked quality milk the number of bacteria is 186,000, and after five hours of storage at 20 °C their number increases to 2 million. Theoretical calculations to determine the minimum geometric parameters of the coil pipe of the proposed cooler were carried out, on the basis of which it is possible to design its construction. In order to confirm the theoretical results, a computer simulation of the working process of the primary milk processing device, including the analysis of milk and coolant movement in the application "SOLID WORKS Flou Simulation" and thermal analysis of the primary milk processing device in the application "SOLIDWORKS Simulation Thermal Analysis", were conducted.
Keywords: milk, filter, primary treatment devices, workflow, design, thermal analysis.

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UDC 621.43.038
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.015

DESIGN AND STRESS-STRAIN ANALYSIS OF A PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING DEVICE
А.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Y.V. Polyvyanyj, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; А.А. Gusev, post-graduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

One of the most important measures to protect milk from spoilage is its timely refrigeration and storage in this condition before shipment or processing in dairy factories. Thanks to refrigeration, microbial growth in milk is halted and the bactericidal period is increased, which helps to preserve the product for longer. The processes of primary milk processing, such as milk filtering and cooling, are of great importance, because proper milk cleaning from mechanical impurities, its timely and deep cooling improves the quality of milk, makes it the milk of the first purity group, which significantly increases its value. Consequently, the use of the developed design of the device for primary treatment of milk improves the efficiency of the process of primary milk processing at commercial dairy factories. The performed stress-strain analysis of the primary treatment device details shows that the strength and rigidity of the designed filter-cooler details is ensured.
Keywords: milk, filter, primary treatment devices, stress-strain analysis, design, pressure.

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UDC 51-74 + 621.878.448
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.020

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AR-TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
D. А. Solovyov¹, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Assistant-Professor; S. V. Chumakova¹, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-Professor; R. D. Goncharov¹, R. V. Chumakov²
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov», Saratov, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov», Saratov, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article substantiates the relevance of the problem of increasing productivity on the example of carrying out maintenance of agricultural machinery, and presents arguments for the urgency of solving this problem. Further, the authors propose one of the ways to increase productivity by applying and implementing new devel-opments in the maintenance process, based, in particular, on the implementation of AR-technologies. The paper considers a method for assessing efficiency during maintenance based on comparison of parameters, the results of which led to conclusions about the effectiveness of AR-technologies when working with machinery. In order to apply this method, a new approach to obtain an assessment of productivity during maintenance was developed based on the use of a derived constant, which allows to get an answer about its real increase in the presence of AR-technologies. The paper shows that this constant helps to control the efficiency of maintenance. Formulas for calculating maintenance efficiency were derived to find its numerical value most accurately. Using the method of parameter comparison discussed above, graphs showing the time spent on each operation, including filling in technological charts during maintenance without and with the inclusion of AR-technologies, were used as auxiliary tools. To ensure the accuracy of the figures, the calculations were carried out in an Excel spreadsheet.
Keywords. AR-technology, maintenance, agro-industrial complex, method, assessment, efficiency, per-formance, function, function graph, comparative analysis, Excel spreadsheet.

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Agronomy

УДК 575:633.11
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.62.2.002

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESISTANCE OF BREEDING SAMPLES OF WINTER WHEAT TO CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (OULEMA MELANOPUS L.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS FOOTHILL ZONE
I.R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
T.S. Abieva, Candidate of Biological Sciences
N.T. Khokhoeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
N.N. Doguzova, PhD student
North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal State Scientific Center Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SKNIIGPSH VNC RAS, Russia, RSO Alania
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the results of studies of the resistance of the breeding material of winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to the phytophagous beetle, cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus Z.). The research was conducted in 2019-2021 at the FSBI SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS. The objects of research were 128 varieties of winter soft wheat from the VIR collection, of various ecological and geographical origin. The purpose of the research is to study the gene pool of winter soft wheat and create a new source material for breeding for resistance to cereal leaf beetle. There are 31.3% of varieties that are resistant. They are Torrild, Mereke 70, Zhadyra, Kobra, Soraja, Fenezia, Dorota, Olivin, Zaritsa, Muza, Areal, Teslo, Kredo, Bizel, Frontana, Renan, Zysk, Biggar, AK biday, Alacris, Cina 7, Solara, Chornobrova, Batko, Zvytyaga, Astella, Lilit, Verita, Batum, Khmel'nychanka, Vatazbok, Markola, Zolotoy bezosty, Omskaya 5, Pionerskaya 32, Nebokrai, Lasuma, Blago, Kamyshlanka 4, Jadvisia. The correlation coefficient between the degree of leaf damage and an ear length is -0.56 (negative, average), between the degree of leaf damage and the number of grains in an ear is -0.68 (negative, strong), between the degree of leaf damage and the weight of the grain from an ear and the plant productivity index (PPI) is negative and very high -0.93 and -0.86, respectively.
All productivity elements had significant correlation coefficients, but the highest are r = -0.93 (with the weight of grain from an ear) and r = -0.86 (plant productivity index). The source material for use in breeding programs for resistance to cereal leaf beetle has been isolated.
Keywords: breeding, stability of winter soft wheat, cereal leaf beetle.

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