UDC 633.853.483
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.73.1.015

EVALUATION OF WHITE MUSTARD PRODUCTIVITY IN ITS CULTIVATION FOR SEEDS
A.S. Korolev, Postgraduate; V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Mustard is an alternative to sunflower, whose oil is an obligatory component of the human diet. It occupies a special place in crop production due to its early maturity, ease of cultivation and resistance to pests and diseases. However, due to the climatic peculiarities of the regions and the low effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, it cannot be grown to its full potential. Therefore, the determination of the optimal level of mineral nutrition and the study of the conditions for the use of liquid organo-mineral fertilizers in the system of foliar fertilization is relevant. The studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem soil of the FSBEI HE "Penza SAU" collection site. The sowings of white mustard of the Lutsia variety were fertilized with Agree`s Sulfur at the leaf rosette stage and with Agree`s Boron during budding and at their combination. The weather conditions in the first year of the study were favorable, with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.5. The following year was characterized by irregular rainfall (hydrothermal coefficient – 0.3). The highest germination (78.0-78.7 %) and preservation (66.3-70.7 %) were observed in crops with mineral fertilizer application in the rate of N32P32K32. Moreover, the highest number of plants to harvest (140 pcs/m2) was observed when the treatments of mustard were combined with Agree`s Sulfur and Agree`s Boron. The highest number of pods (66.0 pieces) and the largest seeds (4.95 g) were obtained with two foliar treatments of N32P32K32. The highest seed production per plant (1.45 g) is also observed here. The number of seeds in a pod varied only insignificantly and amounted to 3.0-4.4 pieces. The seed yield from the treatment of the plants with the organic-mineral fertilizers Agree`s Sulfur at the leaf rosette stage and Agree`s Boron during the budding stage on the background of N32P32K32 reached 2.07 t/ha and exceeded the control by 0.50 t/ha. In the double foliar treatment of plants with preparations on the background of N16P16K16, the yield was 1.2 times lower. The minimum yield (1.18-1.65 t/ha) was achieved on natural soil fertility.
Keywords: white mustard, weather conditions, macro- and liquid organomineral fertilizers, field germination, preservation, survival, yield.

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