Agronomy
UDK 635.1+631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.007
THE EFFECT OF COMPLEX WATER-SOLUBLE FERTILIZERS WITH CHELATED TRACE ELEMENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CARROTS
V.I. Gryazeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; A.A. Kabunin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Carrot seeds contain essential oils that are inhibitors of their germination. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment of the seeds with solutions of complex water-soluble fertilizers with chelated trace elements is very important. The effect of complex water-soluble fertilizers with chelated trace elements on the sowing qualities of carrot seeds and their productivity was studied in the conditions of the collection site of the Penza State Agrarian University. It was found that the germination energy increases in almost all variants of the experiment. The greatest effect is observed with the combined use of Micromak and Aquamix in doses of 1 ml and 1 g per kg of seeds, respectively. The germination energy was 65%, which is 8% higher than that in the control. Thus, the use of complex macro- and micro fertilizers "Micromak" and "Aquamix" contributes to a faster consumption of spare nutrients and a faster appearance of seedlings and even sprouts, a more intensive transition of seedlings from heterotrophic nutrition to autotrophic. In other words, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with these types of fertilizers improves all indicators characterizing the first stages of ontogenesis of carrot plants. Improvement of the nutritional regime, acceleration of plant growth and development under the effect of seed treatment with complex macro- and micro-fertilizers significantly affected the increase in productivity of garden carrots, which ranged from 46.4 to 52.3 tons per 1 ha, with 39.5 tons per 1 ha in the control. The highest yield was obtained by joint treatment of carrot seeds before sowing with Micromak at a dose of 1 ml and Aquamix at a dose of 1 g per 1 kg of seeds and amounted to 52.3 tons per 1 ha, which is higher than the control by 12.8 t/ha or 32.4% (LSD0.5 t/ha = 4.89). In the same variant, the largest number of commercial root crops was 40.1 tons per 1 ha, which is 14.3 tons per 1 ha more than that in the control (LSD 0.5 t/ha = 6.03).
Keywords: complex water-soluble fertilizers, chelates, garden carrots, seeds, germination, germination energy, growing season.
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UDC 633.11"321"+631.81.095.337
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.008
THE EFFECT OF SILICON-CONTAINING PREPARATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT
S. A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biology, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of research on the effect of various preparations with silicon on the formation of productivity of spring soft wheat of the Favorit variety during non-root treatment of plants. It was revealed that a significant positive effect on the formation of productive stems was obtained by non-root treatment with Microvit-6 Kremniy, an increase to the control was 11.7%. It was noted that non-root treatment with NanoKremniy contributed to the formation of plants of greater height, the increase to the variant without silicon-containing preparations was 2.7 cm or 4.2%. The results obtained indicate that in the years of research, treatment with silicon-containing preparations led to an increase in the size of the ear, the increase to the control averaged 0.4-0.8 cm or 6.2-12.5% with the advantage of Microvit-6 Kremniy. In the same variant, an increase in the number of fruiting spikelets was noted, in other variants it did not exceed the control values. There was no significant increase in the ear grain content during leaf treatment with silicon-containing preparations. High grain yield was obtained using non-root treatment with Microvit-6 Kremniy, the increase to the control was 0.49 t/ha. The least effective was the use of the Kelic Potassium + Silicon, which provided an additional 5.8% grain harvest compared to water treatment. The weight of 1000 grains increased by 7.7-11.1% when using preparations with silicon.
Keywords: wheat, silicon-containing preparations, structure, ear, grain, yield, vitreousness.
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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.004
SURVIVAL RATE OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”,
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article presents materials on the study of plant survival as a basic biological property characterizing the ability of seeds to create in specific conditions full-fledged plants participating in the formation of yield. Aspects of plant survival are considered depending on varietal characteristics and levels of mineral nutrition. The purpose of the research was to determine the survival rate of plants of different winter wheat varieties depending on the levels of mineral nutrition and to establish the relationship of this property with yield. As a result, it was found that the survival rate of winter wheat varieties, all other things being equal, practically does not depend on the levels of mineral nutrition. This indicator is integral, and depending on the variety, it is characterized by a different ability of seeds to create full-fledged plants in specific conditions. There is an interdependence between the survival rate of plants and the yield of winter wheat varieties, which is expressed as medium and strong, depending on the variety.
Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, plant safety, plant survival rate, mineral nutrition, fertilizer.
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UDC 631.599:631.452:631.811.93:631.861
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.005
FORMATION OF CROP YIELDS AND FERTILITY OF GRAY FOREST SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIATOMITE AND BIRD DROPPINGS
A.N. Arefiev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Kuzin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; E.E. Kuzina1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; R.I. Dubin2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
1Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Tatishchev Astrakhan State University”, Astrakhan, Russia
Taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, the effect and aftereffect of various norms of diatomite (siliceous agronomic ore) and its combinations with bird droppings on crop yields and effective fertility of gray forest soil have been scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven. In the experimental variants with the introduction of 10 t/ha of bird droppings and siliceous agronomic ore (diatomite) with norms from 4 to 10 t/ha mixed with bird droppings, the humus content in the arable layer of gray forest soil increased by 0.06-0.15% from the initial values during the research period. The most significant effect on the accumulation of nutrients in the arable layer of gray forest soil was the joint use of diatomite with bird droppings. The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen while using diatomite with bird droppings exceeded the control by 7.4-11.9 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus – by 6.7-9.0 mg/kg of soil, mobile potassium – by 7.8-9.6 mg/kg of soil. A mathematical analysis of experimental data and the magnitude of the correlation coefficient was carried out, conclusions were drawn about the nature of the interaction of the studied values of fertility of the arable layer of gray forest soil.
Keywords: diatomite, bird droppings, humus, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, mobile potassium, gray forest soil, yield.
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UDC 633.11"324"+581.14
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.006
FORMATION OF CROP STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF THE WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE USE OF TRACE ELEMENT FERTILIZERS AND RETARDANT GROWTH REGULATORS
A.S. Shcherbakov, graduate student; S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Lyandenburskaya, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor.
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
An increase in yield and product quality is achieved with a balanced nutrition of plants with macro- and microelements. Treatment with retardants during the beginning of stem elongation gives a positive effect due to increasing the productivity of the stem and the indicators of photosynthetic activity, improves the moisture sup-ply of plants by strengthening the root system of crops. All this ultimately affects the value of crop yields. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of complex trace element fertilizers and retardant growth regula-tors to optimize growth development conditions and increase the yield of winter wheat. In the course of the experiment, the effect of trace element fertilizers and retardant growth regulators on the elements of winter wheat crop structure was determined. The lowest value of plant height (62.9 cm) was noted in variants using non-root treatment with HEFK. Non-root treatment with Aquamix ST during tillering stage and with HEFK during stem elongation contributed to the formation of grain weight at the level of 0.936 g per ear and winter wheat yield of 4.94 t/ha.
Keywords: winter wheat, microelement fertilizer, growth regulator, crop structure elements.
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UDC 633.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.007
SPECIFICS OF DIFFERENT BARLEY VARIETIES YIELD FORMATION UNDER THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE CONDITIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA
Ch.K. Bolat-ool, Candidate ofAgricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tuvan State University", Kyzyl, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The Republic of Tuva belongs to a zone of risky agriculture with a sharply continental climate so the problems of low moisture supply during critical phases of the development of grain crops are especially relevant. Barley is one of the main grain feed crops grown in the Republic of Tuva. The purpose of the current research is to examine the specifics of different barley varieties yield formation under the forest-steppe zone conditions in the Republic of Tuva. The experimental part of the research was conducted in 2020-2022 on the territory of the Piy-Khemsky district, which belongs to the forest-steppe zone. The organized field experiment, records, measurements, and phenological observations were carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops; statistical data processing was evaluated by the method of variance analysis according to the method of B.A. Dospehova using the Excel computer software package. The predecessor is pure steam. The soil is dark chestnut light loamy. The estimated area of the plot is 28 m2. Weather conditions are characterized as moderately humid. The duration of the vegetative period for all varieties varied from 23 to 30 days. By weight of 1000 grains, the largest ones were the seeds of the Biom variety; the Abalak variety was inferior to it by 3.0 g. For the Tanai variety, the weight of 1000 grains was 36.5±0.7 g, it has a maximum grain size of 513 g/l, for the Nevan variety – 35.5±0.8 g and the Tulunsky yantar variety – 36.2±0.7 g in accordance with the required qualities. The average yield of the varieties was 17.9-21.5 c/ha. Under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone in the Republic of Tuva in 2020, the increase in the barley seeds yield of the Tanai variety reached 0.7 c/ha when compared with the average yield (23.6 c/ha) in the East Siberian region, according to the varietal features of the originator.
Keywords: barley, yield, varietal features, growing season, phenological phase.
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UDC 581.14:633.283
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.011
THE WATER REGIME OF JAPANESE MILLET VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
T.V. Rodina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher; A.N. Astashov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Chief Researcher; K.A. Pronudin, Research Associate
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Scientific Research and Production Engineering Institute of Sorghum and Corn”, Saratov, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The relevance of the research is due to global changes in climatic conditions, which leads to the frequent adverse factors and, as a result, a decrease in the productivity of agricultural plants. For the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region, Japanese millet is a promising forage crop. The analysis of the assessment of the pa-rameters of the water regime of Japanese millet leaves during the flowering stage of plants allowed us to identify the most drought-resistant samples. During the years of research, the climatic conditions were typical for the Saratov region and were characterized by hot summer conditions, which made it possible to assess the resistance of Japanese millet varieties to high temperatures. The data obtained indicate that the flowering of plants took place under severe drought, as evidenced by the low value of the hydrothermal coefficient. During the research period, a significant influence of the Japanese millet genotype, the conditions of the year and the duration of the experiment on the parameters of the water regime of the leaves was established by multivariate analysis of var-iance. As a result of the experiment, promising Japanese millet samples resistant to drought were identified: Eureka, Krasava and O-1, with tissue hydration of 72.32-73.03% and water deficiency of 11.08-19.6%. The study of the characteristics of the water regime of the leaves showed a high level of drought resistance of the studied crop when grown in the conditions of the Saratov right bank.
Keywords: Japanese millet, tissue hydration, leaf water regime, drought, flowering.
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UDC 633.15:631.52+522+524.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.009
INHERITANCE OF PLANT HEIGHT IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF SELF-POLLINATED CORN LINES
V. I. Zhuzhukin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences; L. A. Gudova2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; M. S. Serebryakova1, Master; A. F. Sugrobov1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov", Saratov, Russia;
2Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization "Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region", Saratov, Russia, tel. 892171242886, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article deals with genetic components that control the inheritance of the trait "plant height" in corn hybrids. Eleven self-pollinated corn lines and 55 hybrids from diallel crosses (p(p-1)/2) were included in the study. The research took place in the period 2019-2020. It was found that the plant height of the corn hybrid lines and the group averages were higher in 2019 than in 2020. In the study years, the self-pollinated line SPK 14 was characterized by a reliable surplus of plant height compared to other lines. Hybrids produced with the SPK 14 line are also characterized by a high value of the trait. In 2019, the trait values in combinations with the SPK 14 line are higher than 203.1 cm, in 2020 higher than 183.9 cm. The high effect of GCA and SCA variance in the SPK 14 line indicates its high combining ability. High values of true heterosis (more than 20.0 %) were found in 21 hybrids regardless of the year of investigation. A high degree of hypothetical heterosis was found in hybrid combinations with the lines SPK 12, SPK 13, SPK 14. When calculating the genetic components, lines SPK 16, SPK 17, SPK 18 in 2019 and in 2020 - SPK 12 and SPK 14 with epistatic gene interaction were excluded, so that the model adequacy could be considered additive-dominant. In the experiment, the control of plant height in the model population was found to determine five genes or gene groups in 2019 and six genes in 2020.
Keywords: corn, self-pollinated lines, hybrids, plant height, heterosis, genetic components.
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UDC 633.15+631.811.93
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.010
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SILICON PREPARATIONS IN CORN CULTIVATION
E.V. Nikulina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, teacher; S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; E.A. Zueva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Varlamova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In modern agricultural production it is urgent to find ways to increase productivity. At the same time, great importance is paid to various techniques of treating plants with environmentally friendly preparations that stim-ulate the growth and development of plants, increase their productivity and resistance to stress. In recent years, work has been underway to develop new, more economical and technologically advanced types of micronutri-ents, nanopreparations and rational ways of using them. In international experience, to assess the efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, a method is used that takes into account the energy accumulated in agricultural products and the energy spent on its production. Experimental work was carried out to assess corn cultivation techniques from the point in terms of energy efficiency in 2018-2020 on the basis of ZAO Konstantinovo in Penza region. The effect of non-root treatment of crops with silicon-containing preparations on the productivity of corn when grown for grain and green mass was studied. All observations, analyses, and records were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Meteorological conditions were assessed based on data from the Penza Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. In 2018, there was insufficient moisture supply. Precipitation in 2019 fell unevenly, but most of it occurred during the period of active growth and de-velopment of corn. The weather conditions in 2020 were favorable for the growth and development of corn. The most energy efficient was the cultivation of corn for grain with the use of the preparation Microvit-6 Silicon for non-root treatment during all periods of use, but especially in the stage of five leaves. Efficiency factor was 3.18-3.41 units. The most effective method for cultivating corn for green mass was double spraying with nanosilicon preparation in the stage of 5 and 7-8 leaves. This variant has the lowest energy consumption of 1.83 GJ for the production of 1 ton of feed units and the highest bioenergetic efficiency of 6.12 units. The largest net energy income is 159.37 GJ/ha.
Keywords: corn, green mass, grain, cultivation techniques, energy efficiency, silicon preparations.
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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products
UDC 636.3.033:636.084.52
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.014
THE EFFECT OF PROTECTED FAT BASED FEED ADDITIVE ON THE QUALITY OF SHEEP MILK AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF LAMBS
G.I. Boryaev1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; E.V. Polyakova1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Kuznetsov1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Nosov1, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; F.N. Tsogoeva2, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.D. Fedyukina1, student
1Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorsky State Agrarian University”, Vladikavkaz, Russia
The most accessible method for assessing animal's energy and protein supply is to determine the content of urea, protein in milk and the ratio of urea to protein. The research results showed that out of 19 studies it is only highly productive animals that have an optimal supply of energy and protein. The main problem on these farms is the shortage of available energy. 21.0% of animals have energy deficiency in their diets, 21% have energy and protein deficiency, 36% have energy deficiency and excess protein, and 5% have excess protein. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use protected fat to adjust the diet of animals. During the research, a feed fat additive was developed, which is a calcium salt of fatty acids obtained from the oil extraction industry waste (fuza), stabilized with the domestic antioxidant drug selenopyran. In a scientific and production experiment on sheep of the Tsigai breed, a significant increase in the weight of young animals by 7.0% was found, which received 1% of the mass of mixed feed from a high-energy feed additive relative to the control with the basic diet. The concentration of total cholesterol in the blood serum of lambs of the first experimental group was statistically significantly lower relative to the same indicator of the control group and in the second experimental group, where the animals received an increased level of feed additive. The results of scientific research indicate that the high-energy feed additive we have developed based on protected fat and selenopyran had a positive effect on the biochemical status of the animal body and allows to increase productivity.
Keywords: lambs, protected fat, milk, feed additive, sheep
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UDC 638.15-02
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.015
MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF HONEY BEES DIED IN WINTER
M.N. Nevitov1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; K.S. Barannik2, 11th grade student,
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Municipal budgetary educational institution "Gymnasium № 53", Penza, Russia
The decrease in the number of bee colonies is currently a worldwide problem. Most researchers believe that the main cause of bees’ death is the defeat of colonies by the Varroa mite. However, an equally significant factor is the unsystematic crossbreeding of bees, which leads to the emergence of populations that are unable to adapt to local climatic conditions. The results of the current research in the area of the morphometric indicators of honey bees died in winter despite of their apparent well-being showed that the predominant breed was Apis mellifera carnica (from 35.8 to 68.7%), a significant proportion of Apis mellifera ligustica was noted (from 18.1 to 68.7%). 47.3%). The least represented was Apis mellifera caucasica (from 5.1 to 21.2%)? but the honey bees of Apis mellifera mellifera were practically absent (from 0.0 to 1.4%). The research was carried out with the “Breed by Wings” (“Poroda po krilyam”) program. The queen bees were ordered in the summer of 2022 from the queen bees breeder in the city of Kislovodsk and were seen as daughters of the Carpathian breed queen bees. Probably, the Carpathian breed queen bees were indeed used as mothers for breeding queens, but free mating in conditions of an uncontrolled drone impact had negative consequences. The uncontrolled import of bees from the Central Asian republics could contribute to the increase of an unfavorable drone impact.
Keywords: morphometry, cubital index, discoidal displacement, bee mortality, cross-breeding.
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UDC 636.92: 636.084.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.016
OPTIMAL PROTEIN CONTENT IN COMPLETE COMPOUND FEEDS FOR LACTATING DOE RABBITS
D.G. Pogosyan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; D.V. Zakharov, Associate Professor; I.M. Belyaev, Student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of a scientific and industrial experiment in which the effects of different protein contents in compound feeds on the productivity indicators of lactating doe rabbits under the conditions of industrial mini-farms were investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal level of crude protein in complete granulated compound feeds in dry feeding to increase the meat productivity of rabbits. The experiment was conducted with 60 lactating White Giant doe rabbits divided into four groups of 15 animals each, one of which was a control group and the others – experimental groups. The groups differed in that the doe rabbits in the control group received compound feed with a protein content of 18 and 21% in the first 20 days and from 21 to 35 days of lactation, respectively, in accordance with the current GOST – 32897-2014 (not less than 17.7 and 21%). The lactating doe rabbits in the first experimental group received compound feed with a reduced crude protein content of 16.5% and 18% at the end of lactation. In the second and third experimental groups, the doe rabbits received compound feed with a higher protein content of 19 % and 20 % respectively in the first half of lactation, and 22 % and 23 % respectively in the second half of lactation. Based on the obtained research results on the dynamics of live weight of lactating doe rabbits, baby rabbits, feed consumption, milk productivity, and survival rate of young animals, it can be concluded that for feeding lactating doe rabbits in the conditions of industrial rabbit breeding, a complete granulated compound feed with a crude protein content of 18 % in the first 20 days of lactation and 21 % from 21 to 35 days of lactation is more effective.
Keywords: lactating doe rabbit, compound feed, crude protein, live weight, average daily gain, feed intake, baby rabbits, milk productivity, survival rate of young animals.
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UDC: 636.2.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.013
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF THE RUSSIAN BLACK PIED AND KHOLMOGORY BREEDS DEPENDING ON THE LINEAR AFFILIATION
S.D. Batanov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Education of the Udmurt Republic; I.N. Varachev, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Udmurt State Agricultural University" Izhevsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In order to improve the indicators of milk productivity of cows, it is important to carry out targeted selection and breeding work. By studying the biological characteristics of the linear affiliation of breeding stock within a breed, we identify the best genetic "matrix", and the comparative evaluation of sires according to their prepotency within the lines determines the high breeding value and economic efficiency of their use in breeding progress. The research was carried out on the basis of the farms JSC "OSHMES" of the Sharkansky District and JSC "Put Ilyicha" of the Zavyalovsky District of the Udmurt Republic. Scientific studies to determine the influence of the breed affiliation of the dairy herd and sires of different lines on the complex of indicators of daughters characterizing milk productivity were carried out on first-calf cows of Russian Black Pied and Kholmogory breeds. The results of our studies showed no reliable influence of pedigree within breeds on the level of milk productivity of cows. The breeding stock of the investigated herds shows a rather high degree of Holsteinization (over 90% blood content). The results of the study showed a reliable superiority of Russian Black Pied first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovering lines over their Kholmogory herdmates of the corresponding lines in terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 1,589 kg (21.1 %, Р 0.001) and 1,474 kg (19.5 %, Р 0.001), milk fat and protein 21.9 %; 21.0 % (Р 0.001) and 19.4 % (Р 0 .01); 16.5 % (Р 0.05), respectively. A reliable (Р 0.05) superiority (by 0.06 p.p.) of Russian Black Pied first-calf heifers of the Reflection Sovering line over their herdmates of the Kholmogory breed of the similar line was found. The Kholmogory first-calf heifers were significantly superior to their Russian Black Pied herdmates in the content of the mass fraction of protein in milk by 0.04 p.p. (Р0.05) and 0.08 p.p. (Р0.01) respectively. The analysis of the productive qualities of daughters (first-calf heifers) has shown that the indicators for milk quantity and quality are significantly influenced by the "father" factor, as the sire contributes to a greater extent to increasing the genetic potential of productivity and its realization under optimal feeding and housing conditions.
Keywords: milk productivity, line, first-calf heifers, breed.
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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex
UDC 635-133
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.018
JUSTIFICATION OF THE DEVICE FOR ORIENTED ONION PLANTING
P.N. Khorev1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Machnev2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; Yu.V. Polyvyany1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Yashin1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Biotechnology”, Moscow, Russia
In agriculture, there is a constant need to optimize the processes of planting and caring for crops. One of the most popular and important vegetables that is grown in many countries of the world is onions. Onion pro-duction in the Russian Federation does not fully meet the needs of the population.Unlike commodity production, seed production is a more labor-intensive industry, there is a lot of manual labor, especially for such types of work as breeding, planting onion parent plant, care, seed harvesting, etc. At the current level of mechanization, the cost of manual labor for growing seeds reaches more than 2,000 people per hectare, of which up to 400 people per hectare are needed for planting. The introduction of integrated mechanization of onion growing pro-cess will increase the production of its seeds while reducing costs. However, the domestic industry does not produce special machines for these purposes, hence the problem of developing devices designed to mechanize process of onion seeds production. Increasing the yield of onion seeds, improving their quality indicators and reducing cost can be achieved by improving the technological process of onion parent planting with the devel-opment of a device for oriented onion planting. The article provides a theoretical justification for the constructive calculation of the brush orienting device, determination of the elastic modulus of the bristle material and deter-mination of the bristle parameters.
Keywords: onion, planting, orienting device, bristles
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UDC 631.531.027.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.019
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE SCARIFIER-INOCULATOR FOR THE PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS OF PERENNIAL LEGUME GRASSES
S.A. Kshnikatkin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; V.V. Konovalov2, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.A. Konnov1, Master; E.M. Somov1, Student
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia
The article presents the results of laboratory studies on a scarifier-inoculator developed for the pre-sowing treatment of perennial legume seeds with a hard, water- and air-impermeable shell. An environmentally friendly technology with simultaneous scarification of seeds and their inoculation with bacterial preparations based on bacteria of the genus Rhizobium is proposed. The technological scheme of the SI-0.7 scarifier-inoculator is based on the following technical solutions: the body of the scarifier-inoculator has the shape of a cylinder, on the inner surface of which there are plates of concave shape covered with an abrasive. The loading hopper contains an electric motor that transmits the torque to the rotating working element. This is a flat disk covered with an abrasive, on the surface of which there is a ring, on the diameter of which there are seed scatterers. Studies on the experimental scarifier-inoculator with disk-shaped working bodies were carried out using the planning tech-nique of the miltifactorial experiment. The paper presents a second-order full-factor model and dependence di-agrams of two-dimensional sections of the model of the influence of factors on the quality of seed scarification depending on the design parameters of the experimental scarifier-inoculator (rotation frequency of the flat disk, number of scatterers). The laboratory studies carried out have shown that the number of scatterers must be in-creased. The best value for the rotation frequency of the disk working body is between 1,350...1,420 min-1 and has a complex influence on the quality of seed scarification.
Keywords: perennial leguminous grasses, eastern galega, seeds, seed hardness, scarifier-inoculator, scari-fication, disk, working element, scatterers, feed, scarification quality, germination.
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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.017
THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SOWING CEREAL CROPS WITH A COMBINED COULTER
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; S. V. Timokhin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; E.Zh. Apieva, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In modern agriculture, preference is given to agricultural machinery that enables the technological process to be carried out efficiently and in the shortest possible time. The article presents the design of a combined coulter, which enables high-quality distribution of seeds both in the length of the row and in depth at increased speeds. Compared to analogous devices, due to the original design of the ripper (seed guide), there is no mixing of soil and seed during work, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of work. The purpose of the theoretical study was to improve the quality of crop sowing by developing and using a combined coulter with a ripper (seed guide). Based on the results of the research, theoretical dependencies were determined, which made it possible to determine the index of the kinematic mode of seed flight, the optimal speed of the machine-tractor unit, as well as the angle of inclination of the curved part of the ripper. In the process of the research, the equa-tions of motion of a seed and a soil element during coulter operation were established. As a result of theoretical calculations, it can be noted that the index of the kinematic mode at a soil moisture content of 17-19% is 0.20...0.23 and at the same time the speed of the machine corresponds to 3-3.5 m/s.
Keywords: coulter, seeder, theoretical research, soil, sowing, seeds.
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UDC 632.08
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.020
DESIGN OF A DEVICE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR FEED PRODUCTION
A.L. Petryaev1, graduate student; A. V. Chupshev1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; V. P. Teryushkov1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; V.V. Konovalov2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor.
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, (9273) 872 244, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia, (8412) 690-320, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Modern science in the field of agriculture is actively looking for promising ways and technological equip-ment to destroy harmful microflora in feed grains before feeding farm animals, which, in turn, should increase the quality and nutritional value of feed. The technological process of processing feed grain, namely disinfection, imposes special requirements on the designs of devices for heat treatment of grain crops. Based on the analysis of well-known engineering solutions for the heat treatment of grain, a promising direction for the development of a device for the heat treatment of feed grain is substantiated [1-3].The work is aimed at improving the effi-ciency of disinfection by improving the technological process and design of the device for heat treatment of grain in feed production and is relevant for the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation.The article describes the design, the technological scheme of operation, the result of laboratory experiment of a new device for heat treatment of grain in feed production. The application of the device can result in the improvement of the quality of preparation of feed grain for processing, the increase of nutritional value of feed grain and the degree of uniform disinfection of the dried crop, which minimizes the need for a separate procedure aimed at stopping the microflora.
Keywords: heat treatment, infrared radiation source, micronizer, feed grain, feed, quality, nutritional value, technological process, microflora, hay bacillus.
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Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)
UDC 338.27
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.021
ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND MODELS IN FORECASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE
N.F. Zaruk1, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor; G.A. Volkova2, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; O.N. Sukhanova2, Associate Professor; O.V. Mentyukova2, senior lecturer; V.D. Badov2, assistant
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Moscow, Russia;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, tel. (937) 4119433, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article describes the stages of development of economic forecasting in Russia from the beginning of the XX century to the present. The problem of forecasting socio-economic processes is very important due to the fact that in present situation, the effectiveness of enterprises and organizations depends on the ability to anticipate market situation and development trends in the future. In the practice of forecasting a significant number of different processes, time series models are used. One of the priorities of the agrarian state policy is to improve the efficiency of the dairy industry. Although the last decade in Russia has been characterized by a decrease in the number of cows, the dynamics of milk production has not been strong, yet steady. This is due to the increased productivity of the dairy herd. If we analyze the dynamics of milk production in Russia for the period from 1990 to 2022, it tends to decrease [1]. This was confirmed by a trend model based on the equation of a third-order polynomial. In the article, mathematical dependencies are obtained and analyzed, that describe with a high degree of reliability the dynamics of changes in some indicators of the dairy industry. For this pur-pose, the selection of factors that affect milk production was carried out, and a linear regression model was built, which, despite the relatively simple mathematical apparatus, provides a lower risk of significant forecast errors compared with nonlinear models. The regression equation included variables: raw milk production, cow density per 100 hectares of agricultural land, feed consumption per 1 average annual head, and the share of agriculture in the Russian economy. The estimation of multiple regression parameters was performed using the STADIA statistical package. The forecast of milk production was made using the multiple regression equation. The values of the factors included in it were previously predicted using trend models.
Keywords: forecast, mathematical methods, models, agriculture, milk production, trend, regression.
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UDC 6361:115.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.68.4.011
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND FORECAST OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT (FARM) HOUSEHOLDS IN PENZA REGION
E.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; O.A. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Nosov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article analyzes the development trends and prospects of peasant (farm) households and individual entrepreneurs in the Penza region. Based on the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the dy-namics of the number of small farms in agriculture in the region from 2006 to 2022 was graphically presented. A cartogram was created showing the territorial distribution and the number of peasant (farm) households and individual entrepreneurs in agriculture in the region. In the period from 2006 to 2021, despite the decrease in the number of peasant (farm) households and individual entrepreneurs in the agro-industrial complex of the region by 23.7%, there was an increase in cultivated areas and agricultural land. The analysis of the main indicators for the development of farming in the region is based on the forecast of trend models. The directions of state support provided at the stage of the establishment of farms and in the course of their activity are shown.
Keywords: peasant (farm) households, individual entrepreneurs, cultivated lands, cartogram, trend mod-els, measures of state support.
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