Agronomy
UDC 631.412+631.445.4+631.822+631.867
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.003
CHANGES IN THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM WHEN USING CHEMICAL AMELIORANTS AND POULTRY MANURE
N.S. Ochkina, post-graduate student, А.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor, Е.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Е.Е. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different rates of marl, dolomite flour and their com-binations with poultry manure on the acid-base properties of leached chernozem. To solve these problems in the first agro-soil district of Penza region we conducted field studies in the period from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that the use of marl and dolomite flour had an equal effect on the acid-base properties of leached cher-nozem, and the highest effect in this case was provided by the ameliorant rate equal to 1.5 Ng. The application of marl and dolomite meal at the rate of 1.5 Ng together with poultry manure had the most significant effect on the increase of cation exchange capacity, the sum of exchangeable bases, pHsalt value and decrease of hydrogen ions concentration in soil absorbing complex. Amount of cation exchange capacity when marl and dolomite meal were added together with poultry manure increased by 2.6-2.7 mg-eq./100 g, the amount of exchangeable bases - by 4.8-4.9 mg-eq./100 g, pHsalt - by 1.37-1.38 units, concentration of hydrogen ions in soil absorbing complex decreased by 2.20 mg-eq./100 g.
Keywords: leached chernozem, marl, dolomite flour, poultry manure, cation exchange capacity, total ex-changeable bases, acidity.
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UDC 633.854.78
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.004
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISATION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN TERMS OF THEIR ECONOMIC VALUE AND ADAPTABILITY COEFFICIENT
А.V. Lekarev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Research Scientist;
L.А. Gudova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Research Scientist;
О.А. Polevaya Senior Research Scientist; А.V. Pominov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Research Scientist
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of South-East", Saratov,
Russia тел. 89271242886, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper presents the results of the study of sunflower hybrids breeding FSBSI "FASC of South-East" in the period 2019-2022, which were evaluated according to the following indicators: oilseed yield, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil yield per unit area. It was found that the oilseed yield of the standard sunflower hybrid YuVS 3 varied in the range of 1.85-5.67 t/ha, the experimental hybrids - 1.35-3.68 t/ha in the years of research. On average over the years of research, the highest yield under factor A (hybrid) was found in hybrid PG 16u×966 (3.10 t/ha), 1000 seeds weight in hybrid YuVS 3 (57.12 g), oil content 50,0 % and higher in hybrids PG 32×966, PG 32×50, PG 3116×ATI, PG 16u×966, oil yield per unit area in hybrid PG 16u×966 (1.46 t/ha). For factor B (year), the hybrids formed the highest average yield in 2022, 1000 seed weight in 2019, oil content and oil yield in 2020. The greater influence on the variability of the trait "oil seeds yield" was exerted by mutual influence of the factors AB (46,6%), mass of 1000 seeds - factor A (38,0%), oil capacity and oil yield - factor B (59,9% and 47,7%, respectively). Zhivotkov adaptability coefficient (CA) was used as an indicator of adaptability, according to which PG 16u×966 and PG 3116×ATI hybrids are characterized by high adaptability (CA >100%) for all studied traits.
Keywords: sunflower, hybrid, yield, 1000 seed weight, oil content, adaptability.
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UDC 633.112.631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.005
EVALUATION OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I.R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Scientific Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the adaptability of winter triticale varieties of different eco-logical and geographical zones under the agroecological conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus in terms of yield. The research was carried out on the fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020-2022. Six winter triticale varieties developed in different ecological and geographical regions were used to study their adaptability. Climatic conditions varied in the study years. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.4 to 0.3. A negative index was characteristic of 2020, when soil and air drought during the vegetation period was a factor affecting yields. The winter triticale varieties studied showed different adaptability. The Gor and Hortenso varieties showed a high tolerance to environmental stressors. The varieties Gor and Hortenso showed a stable high ear productivity (136.3 and 141.0 %). The drought tolerance index (DSI) values up to one were for the varieties Gor (0.38) and Hortenso (0.67), and Almaz equal to one (1.04). High values of the PPI were ob-tained for the varieties Gor (18.4), Hortenso (17.3) and Almaz (13.8). The variation of yield trait by variety was 9.6-29.3%. The varieties Gor (9.6 %) and Hortenso (13.7 %) had the lowest coefficient of variation. The follow-ing varieties are recommended for practical breeding for productivity and drought tolerance under the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus: Gor, Hortenso, and Almaz.
Keywords: breeding, winter triticale, productivity, drought tolerance.
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UDC 631.86: 633.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.011
IMPACT OF ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY OF CROPS CULTIVATION IN A GRAIN-FALLOW ROTATION ON THEIR YIELDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA REGION
O.A. Olenin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, researcher; S.N. Zudilin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.Y. Vasiliskov, post-graduate student; P.V. Melnikov, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Samara State Agrarian University”, Ust-Kinelsky, Kinel, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The influence of multi-component organic fertilizers and biopreparation on the prevalence of root rot and brown leaf rust and crop yield of grain-fallow crop rotation compared with mineral fertilizers and pesticides was studied. Organic technology of cultivation with integrated use of multicomponent organic fertilizers and biolog-ical preparations with functions of biofungicide and biobactericide provided an effective reduction of the inci-dence of field crops affected by root rot and brown leaf rust. The combined use of seed pelleting and bioprepa-ration during the vegetation period reduced the incidence of root rot compared to the control (without fertilizers and preparations) by 49.3 % in winter wheat, 45.8 % in spring durum wheat and 31.0 % in barley. On average by preparations, polyfunctional biopreparations with double treatment during the growing season gave an in-crease in yield of 6.0-8.2 % compared to the pesticide application variants.
Keywords: organic fertilisers, biopreparations, root rot, brown leaf rust, yield.
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UDC 631/635: 633/635: 633
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.008
YIELD STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES IN PLANT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
А.А.Kuteeva1, deputy manager, applicant; G.F. Yartsev2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
1Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Agricultural Center" in the Orenburg Region, Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89228580936, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orenburg State Agrarian University", Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89128462695, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Plant damage by various diseases is often accompanied by a significant reduction in the yield of food crops. In this regard, the exclusion of losses of potential yield of spring wheat has a high relevance. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of formation of yield structure elements under the influence of various seed dressing agents and to identify their varietal characteristics. The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 on the southern chernozems of the educational and experimental field of the Orenburg SAU with the varieties Oren-burgskaya 10, Yugo-Vostochnaya 2, L 503 and seed dressers Scenic Comby, TMTD-plus, Turion, Raksil Ultra and Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t). Agronomic techniques corresponded to the zonal one. Field experiments were car-ried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the use of the seed dressers, with the exception of Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t), was accompanied by an increase in yield and associated with a positive change in the elements of the structure. Higher efficiency of the preparation Turion (0.35 l/t) was provided by the higher weight of grains per ear (0.28 g) with not the highest density of productive stem (341 units/m2). Being inferior to its effectiveness, Raxil Ultra (0.25 l/t) and TMTD-plus (2.5 l/t) did not provide the same or higher levels of yield due to lower grain weight per ear (0.27 g and 0.26 g) at a higher density of productive stems - 349 and 354 units/m2. Different varieties are characterized by individual characteristics of the correlation of yield with the elements of the structure. If the weight of grains per ear had the greatest impact on the yield of all varieties, the second most important element for the varieties Orenburgskaya 10 and Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the mass of 1000 grains, and for the variety L-503 - the density of productive stem, which for the variety Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the third most important element of the structure, and for the variety Orenburgskaya 10 was not included in the number of significant elements.
Keywords: spring wheat, varieties, seed dressers, grain yield, yield structure.
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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.010
CHARACTERISTICS OF SYMBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF PEA PLANTS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; N.V. Shabyshev, Postgraduate; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article deals with the ability of pea plants to form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (NFS) with nodule bacteria depending on the level of mineral nutrition. The fundamental indicators characterising the symbiotic activity of pea plants are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the symbiotic activity of pea and to justify the optimal level of mineral nutrition that ensures the effective formation of nitro-gen-fixing symbiosis as an indicator of the production process. The following objectives were achieved: study of the dynamics of changes in the number and weight of nodules, comparative assessment of symbiotic activity at different levels of mineral nutrition, determination of the nitrogen fixation coefficient of pea plants at different levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was found that the best indicators of symbiotic activity of pea plants are formed against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers in the amount of N16P16K16. This level of mineral nutrition contributed to the formation of a large number of active nodules with a high mass on the root system, the development of a higher active symbiotic potential and specific symbiotic activity during the vegetation period. The N16P16K16 showed high values for fixed air nitrogen and nitrogen fixation coefficient.
Keywords: peas, mineral nutrition level, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, nodule bacteria, specific activity of symbiosis, nitrogen fixation coefficient.
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UDC 633.854.54 : 632.5.01/.08
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.012
EVALUATION OF THE WEED COMPONENT IN OILSEED FLAX CROPS AS A BASIS FOR PHYTOSANITARY DESIGN
D.V. Bochkarev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.V. Stolyarov1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.N. Nikolsky1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; G.N. Kuznetsova, 2Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; V.D. Bochkarev1, Candidate for Master's Degree; A. G. Vishnyakov1, Candidate for Master's Degree.
1National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2The Siberian Experimental Station – A Branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Isilkul, Omsk Region, Russia.
The article presents the results of studying the long-term dynamics of the weed component of oilseed flax agrophytocenoses in the South of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation. It was found that under conditions of extensive cultivation, the highest abundance is characteristic of the groups of early spring, rhizomatous and root-sprouting weeds. The population density of wintering weeds has now increased. The population density of the late spring species – cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), and green bristlegrass (Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.) has increased. Rhizomatous and root-sprouting perennial species have maintained their species composition but have significantly reduced their numbers. It is mainly formed by field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), marsh woundwort (Stachys palustris L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). The taxonomic structure of the weed cenosis remained quite stable. Depending on the level of oilseed flax cultivation technology, representatives of 58-73 genera were found. At the same time, most of them were monotypic or oligotypic. The main role in the formation of the segetal flora was played by representatives of the families: Asteraceae (18-27 %), Brassicaceae (11-13 %), Poaceae (8-13 %), Lamiaceae (7-11 %), and Fabaceae (3-7 % of all recorded species). Regardless of the level of applied technology, species from the Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Lamiaceae families stably maintained their population density. The polyspecific weed spectrum that forms in oilseed flax crops currently requires a complex application of graminicides and herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds.
Keywords: oilseed flax, weed species, population density, agrobiological groups, taxonomic analysis.
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UDC 631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.014
EFFECT OF ZINC CHLORIDE AND ZINC SULPHATE ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF PEA SEEDS
A.V. Nushtaeva, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Blinokhvatova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article presents the results of a laboratory study of the effect of a single treatment of pea seeds with zinc ions in the composition of chloride or sulphate on the indicators of seed germination and the development of roots and seedlings at the initial stage. A positive effect of both chloride and sulphate at a concentration of 10-50 mg/l in relation to Zn2+ on seed germination, average root and seedling length, dry mass of roots and seedlings was found. The optimal zinc ion concentration for seed treatment in our experiments was 20-30 mg/l. In this concentration range, zinc chloride had a slightly stronger growth-promoting effect than sulphate, especially on root length. The average root length was increased up to 25 % and seedlings – 49 % after ZnCl2 treatment compared to the control, and up to 3% (roots) and 35-52% (seedlings) after ZnSO4 treatment, respectively. The weights of 100 roots and 100 seedlings were 41% and 64% (ZnCl2) and 32% and 50% (ZnSO4) higher than the control values at a concentration of 20-30 mg/l. In general, a minimum concentration of zinc ions of 20 mg/l, both in chloride and sulphate form, was sufficient for an effective action.
Keywords: trace elements, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, laboratory germination, germination energy, crop farming.
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UDC:633.15:631.81
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.007
FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER SYSTEMIC APPLICATION OF MEGAMIX PREPARATIONS
R.N. Saniev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; V.G. Vasin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
D.I. Trifonov, Postgraduate, S.V. Fadeev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. +7(937)-666-95-50, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, the research was carried out on the crops of maize hybrids with fertilizer application for planned yields of 7.0 and 9.0 t/ha and systemic treatment during vegetation with preparations of Megamix. In 2020-2022, studies were conducted at the "Samara State Agrarian University", where it was found that maize hybrids form a photosynthetic potential of 2,670.3 to 3,091.2 thousand m2/ha days. With the application of fertilizers for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha and the complex application of Megamix preparations, the maximum value of photosynthetic potential is reached by the crops of the hybrid Amarok with the indicator of 3,091.2 thousand m2/ha, and the maximum increase is 112.4 thousand m2/ha days in the crops of the hybrid Si Telias. The average yields of the maize hybrids in the three years were in the range of 5.10 - 8.36 t/ha, with the maximum yield achieved in crops of the hybrid Amarok when fertilizers were applied for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha and systemic application of stimulating preparations of Megamix. The best efficiency of application of stimulating preparations is observed against the background of fertilizer application for the planned yield of 7.0 t/ha. The increase was 0.18-0.72 t/ha, while on the second background (fertilizer application for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha) the increase was 0.18-0.50 t/ha.
Keywords: Megamix, hybrids, yield, stimulation, photosynthetic potential.
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UDC 632.937.31 + 633.9 + 635.9+71
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.015
USE OF THE MULTIPURPOSE CROP MISCANTHUS GIGANTEUS IN LANDSCAPE PHYTODESIGN
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Volodkin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The main raw material for cellulose production is wood, which is also used as fuel, but it takes at least 80 years for forests to regenerate. Therefore, there is a need to find other possible sources of energy and cellulose. Miscanthus giganteus can be used as a promising renewable raw material, which is an alternative not only to forest crops but also to ornamental ones. In this regard, studies on the introduction of Miscanthus on light gray soils have been conducted since 2013 in the Middle Volga Region (which belongs to the zone of unstable mois-ture). In the first year of planting, well-formed plants produced an above-ground yield of 14 t/ha with sufficient moisture. In the second year it doubled, and in the third year it reached 36 t/ha despite dry conditions. The following two years were the most productive, when 40 and 41 t/ha were obtained with sufficient moisture. In the hyperarid years 2018, 2019 it decreased by 9 and 11 t/ha compared to the fifth year of life. The vegetation periods 2020 and 2021 were favourable, but precipitation fell earlier or later than the critical phases of miscan-thus development, resulting in yield reductions of up to 25 t/ha. Weakening of the plants in the tenth year of life due to partial death of the rhizomes caused by over-watering resulted in a decrease in stem density and yield to 23.5 t/ha. On average, 31.3 t/ha of energy biomass can be formed per year from the second year of life, which is equivalent to wood in terms of cellulose content depending on the age of the plants (48.10-59.81%), and in terms of calorific value, the raw material meets European standards. A tall Miscanthus with brightly colored pendulous leaves and anthocyanin coloring at the nodes allows it to be used as an accent plant in ornamental landscaping.
Keywords: Miscanthus giganteus, introduction, yield, cellulose, calorific value, ornamental grass, aesthetics.
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UDC 631.8+631.452
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.013
INFLUENCE OF LIME MATERIALS AND THEIR COMBINATION WITH POULTRY MANURE ON THE FERTILITY OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM
N.S. Ochkina1, Postgraduate Student; A.N. Arefiev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Kuzin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; E.E. Kuzina1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; R.I. Dubin2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", Astrakhan. Russia
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of chemical meliorants and their combinations with poultry manure on the fertility of leached chernozem. To achieve the set goal, field experiments were conducted in 2019-2022 at the Educational and Experimental Farm of Penza State Agrarian University. Studies have shown that the highest effect on humus accumulation, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium in the arable layer of leached chernozem (medium-thick and medium-humic) was obtained by the complex application of marl and dolomite powder with poultry manure. At the end of the study, the humus content in the arable layer exceeded the initial values by 0.21-0.22%, alkaline-hydrolyz-able nitrogen by 28.4-28.5 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus by 20.5-20.6 mg/kg soil, labile potassium by 21.5-21.6 mg/kg soil against the background of the after-effect of marl and dolomite powder in the amount of 1.0 Ng in complex with poultry manure in the amount of 30 t/ha. Application of chemical meliorants at 1.5 Ng in combi-nation with poultry manure increased humus content by 0.24-0.25%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 29.9-30.0 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus by 23.4-23.8 mg/kg soil, and labile potassium by 24.9-25.0 mg/kg soil.
Keywords leached chernozem, marl, dolomite powder, poultry manure, humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable ni-trogen, labile phosphorus, labile potassium.
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UDC 631.412+631.452
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.016
INFLUENCE OF THE ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING ON THE CHANGE OF THE AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEADOW CHERNOZEM SOIL AND CROP YIELDS
K.Yu. Kiseleva, Postgraduate Student; E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.E. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia. tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article studies the influence of organic farming elements on agrochemical properties of meadow cher-nozem soil. Studies have shown that manure, siderates and their complex use, together with stubble biodegrader and the non-marketable part of the crop rotation yield, has a positive impact on the content of humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium. The greatest influence on the change of a number of factors of soil fertility was made by the use of legumes in combination with stubble biodegrader and by-products of agricultural crops during the independent and intermediate sideration in grain-row and fallow crop rotation. At the end of the study in 2022, the humus content was 5.23-5.24%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen – 119.1-120.0 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus – 94.9-95.1 mg/kg soil, labile potassium – 158.0 mg/kg soil in the arable layer of the meadow chernozem soil, exceeding the initial values by 0.39-0.40%, 27.4-28.0 mg/kg soil, 22.6-22.7 mg/kg soil and 27.6 mg/kg soil, respectively. The increase in the content of humus, alkaline-hydro-lyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium compared to the control variant was significant and amounted to 0.29-0.30 %, 19.9-20.8 mg/kg soil, 14.8-15.0 mg/kg soil and 18.1 mg/kg soil, respectively.
Keywords: meadow chernozem soil, manure, siderates, stubble biodegrader, humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus, labile potassium.
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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products
UDC 636.084.415
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.002
COMPLEX FUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON CALF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
М.S. Upinin, post-graduate student; А.Y. Lavrentiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University", Cheboksary, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The production security of dairy farms is directly dependent on the breeding of their own replacement heifers. In recent years, the standard for the Holstein breed is that heifers should be inseminated no later than 14 months of age and calved at 22-24 months of age. Based on today's realities, many farms are aiming to breed their own young cattle, which in the future will increase profits from raw milk production. For this purpose, farms use various biological additives in the diets for feeding calves up to the age of six months. Due to the high demand of farms for effective feed additives which improve the growth and development of calves in the period of growth, we conducted research on the effect of using the complex functional additives Rumenfit 50 and Ru-menfit 100 in the starter feeds. For the experiment three groups of calves of Holstein breed of 60-65 days of age were formed, which were selected by the method of similar groups: control, first experimental and second ex-perimental. Calves of the control group were fed the basic ration accepted in the farm. Animals of the first experimental group were given the complex functional additive Rumenfit 100 in the composition of the starter mixed fodder at the rate of 10 g per head daily, while calves of the second experimental group received the complex functional additive Rumenfit 50 at the rate of 5 g per head daily, respectively. Based on the data on the monthly reweighting of all animals participating in the scientific and economic experiment, it can be concluded that the average daily live weight gain was higher by 3.5% in the first experimental group and by 1.6% in the second experimental group relatively to the control group after the first month of feeding the experimental groups of animals with the complex functional additives Rumenfit 50 and 100. The average daily live weight gain of the heifers in the first experimental group was 14 g higher than that of the second experimental group at three months of age.
Keywords: calf, live weight, dietary supplement, average daily gain, ration, compound feed.
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UDC 636.2.082.25:636.237.21
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.009
THE INFLUENCE OF STUD BULLS ON THE ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS OF DAUGHTERS
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.A. Zykina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.V. Nikishova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; T.A. Guseva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, vol. 8(8412) 628380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Studies on the evaluation of stud bulls by the quality of offspring were carried out on purebred animals of the Holstein breed in the conditions of the dairy complex of OOO "Pachelma farm" OP "Serdobskoye". The daughters of the three bulls Lotto, Gotham and Wormont were subject to evaluation. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the animals of all the evaluatedstud bulls have a high assessment of the exterior and meet the breed standard by physique type. The obtained results indicate the absence of a reliable influence of stud bulls on the reproductive properties of heifers and live weight indicators. A significant difference was noted only in the size of the live weight of the Wormont daughters, in comparison with the live weight of the daughters of other bulls. As a result of the use of sexed semen in the group of heifers born from the Gotham daughters, there were more than from the Lotto and the Wormont daughters, respectively, by 6 and 11%. The higher yield of heifers was observed in the Lotto daughters (80%), and the lowest in the Wormont daughters. The Lotto and the Gotham daughters had 10.9% more of an average yield of heifers than the Wormont daughters. The daughters of all bulls have a decrease in the milk yield for the third lactation in relation to the first lactation. The Lotto daughters reduced milk yield by 539.2 kg or 4.88%, the Gotham daughters – by 518.4 kg or 4.7%. The Wormont daughters – by 252.6 kg or 2.7%. Animals in the second lactation exceeded cows in milk yield for the third lactation. This superiority was 3024.1 kg or 22.3% in the Lotto daughters, 2900.6 kg or 21.6% in the Gotham daughters, 80 kg or 0.89% in the Wormont daughters. In general, the Lotto daughters are the best in terms of milk productivity.
Keywords: stud bulls, Holstein breed, milk productivity.
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UDC 636.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.006
EFFECT OF AN ENZYME PREPARATION WITH PHYTASE ACTIVITY ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FATTENING PIGS
L.R. Mikhailova, assistant; A.Yu. Lavrentiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University", Cheboksary, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The rational organisation of feeding has always been one of the critical factors in achieving high animal productivity. In domestic pig farming, the priority is to reduce costs by increasing the digestibility of nutrients in the feed and improving the availability of digested nutrients. One of the most important thing needed for this task is the inclusion of enzyme preparations in the compound feed. They are essential in the animal body to increase the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the enzyme preparation Fidbest P5000 GT as part of compound feed on the growth, development and feed consump-tion of young fattening pigs. To achieve this purpose, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out. The studies were performed on young pigs of the large white breed between 60 and 210 days of age. Four groups of 12 animal units each were formed according to the principle of analogous groups. Pigs in all groups were kept under the same feeding and housing conditions. To determine the effect of the tested enzyme preparation on the growth and development of the experimental animals, they were weighed and measured every 30 days, taking into account the consumption of the compound feed and its residues the next day. The use of the enzyme prep-aration Fidbest P5000 GT as part of compound feed for young fattening pigs contributes to the growth, devel-opment and reduction of feed costs per unit of production of young pigs. The use of the enzyme preparation Fidbest P5000 GT in compound feeds made it possible to increase the average daily gain in live weight of young pigs by 4.8%, 9.3% and 6.8%, and to achieve a reduction in feed costs by 4.7%, 8.6% and 6.5%, respectively, compared to the young pigs in the control group. The best indicators were in the second experimental group, in which the studied enzyme preparation was added in the amount of 90 g/t to the composition of the compound feed.
Keywords: enzyme, phytase, compound feed, live weight, body composition indices, feed consumption, young pigs.
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UDC: 636.2.034:636.234.1:636.082.25
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.017
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HOLSTEIN COWS ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF MOTHERS AND THEIR DAUGHTERS
V.V. Lyashenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.V. Gubina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.V. Kaeshova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.Yu. Chupsheva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Teacher
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the intensification of dairy cattle breeding, the improvement of the productive and breeding qualities of the cows in the dairy herd through the formation of breeding stock by replacement heifers from high-priced sires and dams is of great importance. The results of published scientific studies on the effects of dams on daughter productivity are contradictory and need to be studied on a herd-specific basis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the milk productivity of dams and their daughters. The research was carried out under the conditions of a modern dairy complex on a herd of Holstein cows. Dams with a completed sixth lactation and their daughters with a first, second or third completed lactation with different levels of milk production were evaluated. The results of the comparative evaluation of the milk productivity of mother cows and their daughters for the first three lactations show higher values for the daughters. For the first lactation, daughters had 17% higher milk yield than their mothers (р < 0.001), 10.6% higher for the second lactation, and 34.7% higher for the third one (р < 0.001). The mass fraction of fat in the milk of the daughters exceeded that of the dams by 0.2-0.08% in each of the first, second, and third lactations, and by mass fraction of protein in the milk, the daughters significantly (р < 0.01-р < 0.001) exceeded their mothers by 0.3-0.06 % in all contiguous lactations. It should be noted that mothers weakly transmit their qualities to daughters in terms of milk yield (h2 = 0.24-0.26) and mass fraction of protein in milk (h2 = 0.28-0.3), while in terms of mass fraction of fat in milk a high coefficient of inheritance was found in the second and third lactations (h2 = 0.56-0.62). Thus, it can be seen that the daughters are superior to their mothers in milk productivity in the compared lactations.
Keywords: Holstein breed, milk productivity, mothers, daughters, lactation, heritability of traits.
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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex
UDC 631.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.018
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOWING MATERIAL BY THE DISTRIBUTOR OF THE PNEUMATIC SEEDER
A.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-17, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
With increasing supply of seed of grain crops on the deflection surface of the seed distributor, which has the shape of a horizontal surface, the irregularity of seed distribution in the distributing head of the pneumatic seeder increases. This is due to the fact that the number of crop seeds that do not reach the deflector increases due to the seeds flying ahead, because as they fly away they reduce their speed and prevent them from moving easily to the deflector. As a result, the seeds collide with each other and are dispersed in a different pattern than the seeds that are deflected by the deflector, resulting in a much smaller dispersal area. A change in seed distri-bution occurs: the seed tubes in the center of the seed distributor receive slightly more seeds than those at the edges of the distributor, increasing the irregularity of seed distribution. This problem complicates the develop-ment of distributors shaped like a horizontal surface for pneumatic grain seeders with a sowing width of more than five meters, because in this case the first distribution stage receives a much higher load and the above-mentioned disadvantage of seed distribution occurs. This disadvantage can be eliminated by distributing the seeds over the deflector plate of the distributor. This requires the installation of an additional deflecting plate in the seed distributor [6, 9].
Keywords: supply, distributor, deflector, seed distribution, seeder.
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Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)
UDC 339.187.62
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.019
ACTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL LEASING IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
О.А. Tagirova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-professor; V.S. Kozhaev, Master's student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, ph. +79656385748, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the study is to develop recommendations and practical proposals to improve the mechanism of leasing relations in the agricultural sector of the region. The object of research is leasing relations of agricultural enterprises of Penza region. The suggested directions of solving the problem of import substitution imply using a preferential leasing mechanism: subsidy to a leasing company - 50 % of equipment cost; 5 % - leasing payment; 8 years - leasing term; 0 % - appreciation of leased property. This solution will increase the efficiency of agri-culture, increase the volume of reproductive seeds, and strengthen the economic condition of the region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Indirect support for agricultural producers in Penza region is possible through preferential taxation. It is proposed to reduce the tax rate on property transferred under a leasing agreement to 0%, thereby reducing the interest on lease payments, which will increase the attractiveness of leasing for agri-cultural producers.
Keywords: regional economy, agriculture, leasing, leasing relations, mechanism, preferential taxation.
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UDC 631.158:658.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.021
EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR FOR STABLE FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATIONS
N.N. Bondina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor; I.A. Bondin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; E.V. Shirokova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; I.E. Shpagina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The results of the participants' activity in the agrobusiness depend on the efficient use of its production potential. Faced with limited resources, economic entities need to improve the efficient use of production poten-tial. The relevance of the aforementioned problem has underpinned the need to assess available resources and their impact on consumption and reproduction. The study assesses the place and role of the Penza Region in the agriculture of the Volga Federal District. In recent years, the region, together with the Republic of Tatarstan and the Saratov Region, has been in the top three for gross agricultural production in the district. The primary reason for the active growth of the agricultural industry is the increase in the production potential of the agricultural sector. The article contains a comparative analysis of the provision of agricultural enterprises of the region with land and labour resources, fixed assets and material stocks in relation to the dynamics and indicators of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. The research has led to the following conclusion: agricultural en-terprises in the Penza Region have a much better supply of some types of resources, but the efficiency of their use is lower than the average of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. This indicates that there is considerable scope for increasing production.
Keywords: production potential, resource potential, land resources, fixed assets, material resources
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UDC 6361:115.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.020
FARMING AND PRIVATE SUBSIDIARY PLOTS OF THE POPULATION TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY IN THE REGION
O.A. Stolyarova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Reshetkina, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the problems and main directions of development of private subsidiary and peasant (individual) farms, which under the conditions of cooperation can achieve high results in the agricultural sector of the region. This can help ensure food security in the region and sustainable rural development. The purpose of the article is to propose the main directions for the development of small farmings. The development of the agricultural sector in private subsidiary plots and peasant (individual) farms of the population of the Penza Re-gion is presented as an object. The following research methods were used in the study: monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical. Special attention is paid to the review of the development directions of private sub-sidiary plots of the population as one of the important links in solving the food supply of the population and the retention of labour force in rural areas. As a result of the analysis of crop and livestock production, the authors noted that the production dynamics of these types of products in peasant (individual) farms is positive, and livestock production in private subsidiary plots of the population is significantly declining, because they have difficulties with the distribution of products and the use of innovative equipment and technologies. The authors focused mainly on the federal project "Development of Vegetable and Potato Farming", which enables self-employed farmers in the agricultural sector to receive subsidies to cover part of their costs. According to the authors, not all owners of private subsidiary plots will be able to register self-employment. In order to support small forms of farming, the legal foundations must be developed at the state level. The main results of the re-search carried out are, firstly, bringing together smaller forms of farming to create and improve consumer coop-eration and, secondly, increasing the efficiency of cooperatives in a single methodological link.
Keywords: small business, cultivation areas, production, self-employed, consumer cooperation.
