Agronomy
UDC 631.412+631.445.4+631.822+631.867
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.003
CHANGES IN THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM WHEN USING CHEMICAL AMELIORANTS AND POULTRY MANURE
N.S. Ochkina, post-graduate student, А.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor, Е.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Е.Е. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different rates of marl, dolomite flour and their com-binations with poultry manure on the acid-base properties of leached chernozem. To solve these problems in the first agro-soil district of Penza region we conducted field studies in the period from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that the use of marl and dolomite flour had an equal effect on the acid-base properties of leached cher-nozem, and the highest effect in this case was provided by the ameliorant rate equal to 1.5 Ng. The application of marl and dolomite meal at the rate of 1.5 Ng together with poultry manure had the most significant effect on the increase of cation exchange capacity, the sum of exchangeable bases, pHsalt value and decrease of hydrogen ions concentration in soil absorbing complex. Amount of cation exchange capacity when marl and dolomite meal were added together with poultry manure increased by 2.6-2.7 mg-eq./100 g, the amount of exchangeable bases - by 4.8-4.9 mg-eq./100 g, pHsalt - by 1.37-1.38 units, concentration of hydrogen ions in soil absorbing complex decreased by 2.20 mg-eq./100 g.
Keywords: leached chernozem, marl, dolomite flour, poultry manure, cation exchange capacity, total ex-changeable bases, acidity.
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UDC 633.854.78
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.004
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISATION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN TERMS OF THEIR ECONOMIC VALUE AND ADAPTABILITY COEFFICIENT
А.V. Lekarev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Research Scientist;
L.А. Gudova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Research Scientist;
О.А. Polevaya Senior Research Scientist; А.V. Pominov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Research Scientist
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of South-East", Saratov,
Russia тел. 89271242886, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper presents the results of the study of sunflower hybrids breeding FSBSI "FASC of South-East" in the period 2019-2022, which were evaluated according to the following indicators: oilseed yield, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil yield per unit area. It was found that the oilseed yield of the standard sunflower hybrid YuVS 3 varied in the range of 1.85-5.67 t/ha, the experimental hybrids - 1.35-3.68 t/ha in the years of research. On average over the years of research, the highest yield under factor A (hybrid) was found in hybrid PG 16u×966 (3.10 t/ha), 1000 seeds weight in hybrid YuVS 3 (57.12 g), oil content 50,0 % and higher in hybrids PG 32×966, PG 32×50, PG 3116×ATI, PG 16u×966, oil yield per unit area in hybrid PG 16u×966 (1.46 t/ha). For factor B (year), the hybrids formed the highest average yield in 2022, 1000 seed weight in 2019, oil content and oil yield in 2020. The greater influence on the variability of the trait "oil seeds yield" was exerted by mutual influence of the factors AB (46,6%), mass of 1000 seeds - factor A (38,0%), oil capacity and oil yield - factor B (59,9% and 47,7%, respectively). Zhivotkov adaptability coefficient (CA) was used as an indicator of adaptability, according to which PG 16u×966 and PG 3116×ATI hybrids are characterized by high adaptability (CA >100%) for all studied traits.
Keywords: sunflower, hybrid, yield, 1000 seed weight, oil content, adaptability.
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UDC 633.112.631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.005
EVALUATION OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I.R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Scientific Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the adaptability of winter triticale varieties of different eco-logical and geographical zones under the agroecological conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus in terms of yield. The research was carried out on the fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020-2022. Six winter triticale varieties developed in different ecological and geographical regions were used to study their adaptability. Climatic conditions varied in the study years. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.4 to 0.3. A negative index was characteristic of 2020, when soil and air drought during the vegetation period was a factor affecting yields. The winter triticale varieties studied showed different adaptability. The Gor and Hortenso varieties showed a high tolerance to environmental stressors. The varieties Gor and Hortenso showed a stable high ear productivity (136.3 and 141.0 %). The drought tolerance index (DSI) values up to one were for the varieties Gor (0.38) and Hortenso (0.67), and Almaz equal to one (1.04). High values of the PPI were ob-tained for the varieties Gor (18.4), Hortenso (17.3) and Almaz (13.8). The variation of yield trait by variety was 9.6-29.3%. The varieties Gor (9.6 %) and Hortenso (13.7 %) had the lowest coefficient of variation. The follow-ing varieties are recommended for practical breeding for productivity and drought tolerance under the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus: Gor, Hortenso, and Almaz.
Keywords: breeding, winter triticale, productivity, drought tolerance.
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UDC 631.86: 633.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.011
IMPACT OF ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY OF CROPS CULTIVATION IN A GRAIN-FALLOW ROTATION ON THEIR YIELDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA REGION
O.A. Olenin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, researcher; S.N. Zudilin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.Y. Vasiliskov, post-graduate student; P.V. Melnikov, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Samara State Agrarian University”, Ust-Kinelsky, Kinel, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The influence of multi-component organic fertilizers and biopreparation on the prevalence of root rot and brown leaf rust and crop yield of grain-fallow crop rotation compared with mineral fertilizers and pesticides was studied. Organic technology of cultivation with integrated use of multicomponent organic fertilizers and biolog-ical preparations with functions of biofungicide and biobactericide provided an effective reduction of the inci-dence of field crops affected by root rot and brown leaf rust. The combined use of seed pelleting and bioprepa-ration during the vegetation period reduced the incidence of root rot compared to the control (without fertilizers and preparations) by 49.3 % in winter wheat, 45.8 % in spring durum wheat and 31.0 % in barley. On average by preparations, polyfunctional biopreparations with double treatment during the growing season gave an in-crease in yield of 6.0-8.2 % compared to the pesticide application variants.
Keywords: organic fertilisers, biopreparations, root rot, brown leaf rust, yield.
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UDC 631/635: 633/635: 633
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.008
YIELD STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES IN PLANT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
А.А.Kuteeva1, deputy manager, applicant; G.F. Yartsev2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
1Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Agricultural Center" in the Orenburg Region, Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89228580936, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orenburg State Agrarian University", Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89128462695, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Plant damage by various diseases is often accompanied by a significant reduction in the yield of food crops. In this regard, the exclusion of losses of potential yield of spring wheat has a high relevance. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of formation of yield structure elements under the influence of various seed dressing agents and to identify their varietal characteristics. The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 on the southern chernozems of the educational and experimental field of the Orenburg SAU with the varieties Oren-burgskaya 10, Yugo-Vostochnaya 2, L 503 and seed dressers Scenic Comby, TMTD-plus, Turion, Raksil Ultra and Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t). Agronomic techniques corresponded to the zonal one. Field experiments were car-ried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the use of the seed dressers, with the exception of Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t), was accompanied by an increase in yield and associated with a positive change in the elements of the structure. Higher efficiency of the preparation Turion (0.35 l/t) was provided by the higher weight of grains per ear (0.28 g) with not the highest density of productive stem (341 units/m2). Being inferior to its effectiveness, Raxil Ultra (0.25 l/t) and TMTD-plus (2.5 l/t) did not provide the same or higher levels of yield due to lower grain weight per ear (0.27 g and 0.26 g) at a higher density of productive stems - 349 and 354 units/m2. Different varieties are characterized by individual characteristics of the correlation of yield with the elements of the structure. If the weight of grains per ear had the greatest impact on the yield of all varieties, the second most important element for the varieties Orenburgskaya 10 and Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the mass of 1000 grains, and for the variety L-503 - the density of productive stem, which for the variety Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the third most important element of the structure, and for the variety Orenburgskaya 10 was not included in the number of significant elements.
Keywords: spring wheat, varieties, seed dressers, grain yield, yield structure.
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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products
UDC 636.084.415
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.002
COMPLEX FUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON CALF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
М.S. Upinin, post-graduate student; А.Y. Lavrentiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University", Cheboksary, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The production security of dairy farms is directly dependent on the breeding of their own replacement heifers. In recent years, the standard for the Holstein breed is that heifers should be inseminated no later than 14 months of age and calved at 22-24 months of age. Based on today's realities, many farms are aiming to breed their own young cattle, which in the future will increase profits from raw milk production. For this purpose, farms use various biological additives in the diets for feeding calves up to the age of six months. Due to the high demand of farms for effective feed additives which improve the growth and development of calves in the period of growth, we conducted research on the effect of using the complex functional additives Rumenfit 50 and Ru-menfit 100 in the starter feeds. For the experiment three groups of calves of Holstein breed of 60-65 days of age were formed, which were selected by the method of similar groups: control, first experimental and second ex-perimental. Calves of the control group were fed the basic ration accepted in the farm. Animals of the first experimental group were given the complex functional additive Rumenfit 100 in the composition of the starter mixed fodder at the rate of 10 g per head daily, while calves of the second experimental group received the complex functional additive Rumenfit 50 at the rate of 5 g per head daily, respectively. Based on the data on the monthly reweighting of all animals participating in the scientific and economic experiment, it can be concluded that the average daily live weight gain was higher by 3.5% in the first experimental group and by 1.6% in the second experimental group relatively to the control group after the first month of feeding the experimental groups of animals with the complex functional additives Rumenfit 50 and 100. The average daily live weight gain of the heifers in the first experimental group was 14 g higher than that of the second experimental group at three months of age.
Keywords: calf, live weight, dietary supplement, average daily gain, ration, compound feed.
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UDC 636.2.082.25:636.237.21
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.009
THE INFLUENCE OF STUD BULLS ON THE ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS OF DAUGHTERS
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.A. Zykina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.V. Nikishova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; T.A. Guseva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, vol. 8(8412) 628380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Studies on the evaluation of stud bulls by the quality of offspring were carried out on purebred animals of the Holstein breed in the conditions of the dairy complex of OOO "Pachelma farm" OP "Serdobskoye". The daughters of the three bulls Lotto, Gotham and Wormont were subject to evaluation. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the animals of all the evaluatedstud bulls have a high assessment of the exterior and meet the breed standard by physique type. The obtained results indicate the absence of a reliable influence of stud bulls on the reproductive properties of heifers and live weight indicators. A significant difference was noted only in the size of the live weight of the Wormont daughters, in comparison with the live weight of the daughters of other bulls. As a result of the use of sexed semen in the group of heifers born from the Gotham daughters, there were more than from the Lotto and the Wormont daughters, respectively, by 6 and 11%. The higher yield of heifers was observed in the Lotto daughters (80%), and the lowest in the Wormont daughters. The Lotto and the Gotham daughters had 10.9% more of an average yield of heifers than the Wormont daughters. The daughters of all bulls have a decrease in the milk yield for the third lactation in relation to the first lactation. The Lotto daughters reduced milk yield by 539.2 kg or 4.88%, the Gotham daughters – by 518.4 kg or 4.7%. The Wormont daughters – by 252.6 kg or 2.7%. Animals in the second lactation exceeded cows in milk yield for the third lactation. This superiority was 3024.1 kg or 22.3% in the Lotto daughters, 2900.6 kg or 21.6% in the Gotham daughters, 80 kg or 0.89% in the Wormont daughters. In general, the Lotto daughters are the best in terms of milk productivity.
Keywords: stud bulls, Holstein breed, milk productivity.
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UDC 636.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.006
EFFECT OF AN ENZYME PREPARATION WITH PHYTASE ACTIVITY ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FATTENING PIGS
L.R. Mikhailova, assistant; A.Yu. Lavrentiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University", Cheboksary, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The rational organisation of feeding has always been one of the critical factors in achieving high animal productivity. In domestic pig farming, the priority is to reduce costs by increasing the digestibility of nutrients in the feed and improving the availability of digested nutrients. One of the most important thing needed for this task is the inclusion of enzyme preparations in the compound feed. They are essential in the animal body to increase the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the enzyme preparation Fidbest P5000 GT as part of compound feed on the growth, development and feed consump-tion of young fattening pigs. To achieve this purpose, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out. The studies were performed on young pigs of the large white breed between 60 and 210 days of age. Four groups of 12 animal units each were formed according to the principle of analogous groups. Pigs in all groups were kept under the same feeding and housing conditions. To determine the effect of the tested enzyme preparation on the growth and development of the experimental animals, they were weighed and measured every 30 days, taking into account the consumption of the compound feed and its residues the next day. The use of the enzyme prep-aration Fidbest P5000 GT as part of compound feed for young fattening pigs contributes to the growth, devel-opment and reduction of feed costs per unit of production of young pigs. The use of the enzyme preparation Fidbest P5000 GT in compound feeds made it possible to increase the average daily gain in live weight of young pigs by 4.8%, 9.3% and 6.8%, and to achieve a reduction in feed costs by 4.7%, 8.6% and 6.5%, respectively, compared to the young pigs in the control group. The best indicators were in the second experimental group, in which the studied enzyme preparation was added in the amount of 90 g/t to the composition of the compound feed.
Keywords: enzyme, phytase, compound feed, live weight, body composition indices, feed consumption, young pigs.
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Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)
UDC 339.187.62
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.019
ACTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL LEASING IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
О.А. Tagirova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-professor; V.S. Kozhaev, Master's student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, ph. +79656385748, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the study is to develop recommendations and practical proposals to improve the mechanism of leasing relations in the agricultural sector of the region. The object of research is leasing relations of agricultural enterprises of Penza region. The suggested directions of solving the problem of import substitution imply using a preferential leasing mechanism: subsidy to a leasing company - 50 % of equipment cost; 5 % - leasing payment; 8 years - leasing term; 0 % - appreciation of leased property. This solution will increase the efficiency of agri-culture, increase the volume of reproductive seeds, and strengthen the economic condition of the region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Indirect support for agricultural producers in Penza region is possible through preferential taxation. It is proposed to reduce the tax rate on property transferred under a leasing agreement to 0%, thereby reducing the interest on lease payments, which will increase the attractiveness of leasing for agri-cultural producers.
Keywords: regional economy, agriculture, leasing, leasing relations, mechanism, preferential taxation.
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UDC 631.158:658.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.021
EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR FOR STABLE FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATIONS
N.N. Bondina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor; I.A. Bondin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; E.V. Shirokova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; I.E. Shpagina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The results of the participants' activity in the agrobusiness depend on the efficient use of its production potential. Faced with limited resources, economic entities need to improve the efficient use of production poten-tial. The relevance of the aforementioned problem has underpinned the need to assess available resources and their impact on consumption and reproduction. The study assesses the place and role of the Penza Region in the agriculture of the Volga Federal District. In recent years, the region, together with the Republic of Tatarstan and the Saratov Region, has been in the top three for gross agricultural production in the district. The primary reason for the active growth of the agricultural industry is the increase in the production potential of the agricultural sector. The article contains a comparative analysis of the provision of agricultural enterprises of the region with land and labour resources, fixed assets and material stocks in relation to the dynamics and indicators of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. The research has led to the following conclusion: agricultural en-terprises in the Penza Region have a much better supply of some types of resources, but the efficiency of their use is lower than the average of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. This indicates that there is considerable scope for increasing production.
Keywords: production potential, resource potential, land resources, fixed assets, material resources
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