Agronomy
UDC 633.88+661.162.66
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.003
FORMATION OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AGROCENOSES WITH THE USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; E.A. Kutikhina, Postgraduate; N.V. Fayustova, Master
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Modern agricultural technologies widely use growth regulators of biological origin that do not have mutagenic effects on medicinal plants, increase their resistance to environmental stresses, and affect productivity, which depends on the formation of healthy seedlings. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the effect of biological growth regulators on the field germination of Calendula officinalis seeds and the safety of plants after foliar feeding in the leaf rosette phase with the same preparations. The two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2020-2022 on the collection plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" on meadow-chernozem soil. Seeds of Calendula officinalis varieties Kalta and Zolotoe More were pre-soaked in water (control) and in growth stimulants Bioduks, Agrostimul, Tsirkon, Krezatsin and then fed with the same preparations at the phase of three pairs of true leaves. On average over three years, it was found that the variety Zolotoe More had the highest field germination (79.1%). It was lower by 3.3 % in the variety Kalta. The greatest effect was obtained by seed treatment with Agrostimul and Bioduks, whose stimulation allowed to obtain 82.2 and 80.0% of seedlings in the first variety and 79.8 and 77.9% in the second variety, with plant density of 38.5 and 37.2 pcs./m2, respectively. The safety of the plants was almost the same, 79.9 % and 80.1 %, and it reached 82.1% when Tsirkon was used. In the variety Zolotoe More, where Bioduks and Tsirkon were applied twice, the plant survival rate was 64.4 and 65.0%, respectively. When they were used on the variety Kalta, it increased to 63.0 %. In terms of moisture conditions, the most optimal year was 2022, when plant survival rate for the variety Zolotoe More was 60.1...67.5 %, and for the variety Kalta – 56.0...67.5 %
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, growth regulators, field germination, density, safety, survival rate, agrocenosis.
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UDC 633.49:577.57
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.006
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS OF POTATO REGENERATE PLANTS OBTAINED BY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
F.I. Babadzhanova1, Research Assistant; Kh.A. Ubaydullayeva1, Doctor of Biological Sciences,
Head of Laboratory; V.S. Kamburova1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
E.A. Latypova2, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Bolkiev1, Research Assistant;
S.A. Abdullaev1, Research Assistant; A.N. Abdullaev1, Research Assistant;
Z.T. Buriev1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory
1Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, tel. +998 90 959-93-84, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (9680) 32-19-80, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Potato is the main food crop both in the world and in Uzbekistan. However, abiotic and biotic stresses lead to lower potato yields To solve these problems, new varieties must be obtained using modern methods of genomics and biotechnology, which is not possible without micropropagation. Phytohormones play an important role in the process of potato micropropagation. Due to the great influence of hormones on the processes of plant development, their role in the stages of potato growth and development has been studied. Our study summarizes the effects of the phytohormones kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth and development of new biotech potato lines generated by RNA interference (RNAi) technology of the phytochrome B (phyB) gene during somatic embryogenesis. Phytochrome B is a plant photoreceptor for red/far-red light. In potato, it mediates photoperiodic control of tuber formation in a negative regulatory mechanism by inhibiting its initial stages. Consequently, suppression of phyB expression by RNAi could lead to an increase in tuber number. The effects of different concentrations of kinetin and BAP on plant growth, number of nodes, and formation and development of the root system of potato RNAi lines during somatic embryogenesis in micropropagation were studied. The highest plant growth and development were obtained when a growth medium containing 1.0 mg/L kinetin was used. This combination increased plant height in all biotech lines and contributed to more efficient root system formation.
Keywords: potato, in vitro, kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Murashige and Skoog, micropropagation.
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UDC 633.15+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.010
FORMATION OF CORN YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
S.A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; I.V. Gavryushina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Paliychuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the formation of yield and grain quality of corn in relation to environmental factors such as plant density and the level of mineral nutrition. A decrease in grain weight per cob was observed with increasing stand density of corn plants, especially with increasing density of 80 to 100 ths.pcs./ha. Transfer of part of nitrogen in top dressing and application of N120P90K60 promoted grain weight growth per cob by 37.0-38.0%, in the same varieties. Higher grain yields were obtained in variants with nitrogen fertilization and fertilization at the rate of N120P90K60, in addition, 1.73-1.74 t/ha of grain or 46.2-46.6% to the control was obtained. In these variants, an increase in grain yield was observed up to an overcrowding of 80 ths.pcs/ha, and when plant density was further increased, productivity decreased by 3.8 and 9.7 %. The highest protein content was observed in crops obtained in variants with nitrogen fertilization. With increasing overcrowding of crops, an increase in the mass percentage of protein and crude fiber was observed, but there was a clear pattern of decrease in crude fat content. The energy supply of the grain did not change depending on the plant density and the level of mineral nutrition.
Keywords: corn, grain, fertilizers, density, yield, protein, fat, metabolizable energy.
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UDC 633.32+631.531.027
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.017
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE OF THE SKOROSPELKA VARIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
D.S. Plyasunov1, postgraduate student; S.A. Kshnikatkin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; V.V. Konovalov2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Agrarian University”, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Technological University, Penza, Russia
In order to obtain maximum yield, ensure the quality of the resulting crop, as well as reduce production costs, researchers are currently attracted to various methods of stimulating plant growth and development, without which it is impossible to imagine modern crop cultivation. The use of growth regulators is one of the effective factors in the formation of highly productive crops of field crops. Epin-Extra and Agate-25 Super are among the most popular preparations. An increase in the production of a valuable crop of jerusalem artichoke, due to the improvement of its cultivation technology with the help of these preparations, can become a source of an increase in environment friendly feed. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the effect of drugs on the development and provision of a stable and high-quality Jerusalem artichoke crop. In the conditions of unstable moistening of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, a research was carried out to study the features of plant formation and yield of Jerusalem artichoke of the Skorospelka variety under the influence of tuber treatment, non-root treatment and complex treatment of tubers with double foliar treatment of plants with growth regulators Epin-Extra, Agate-25 Super. The experience was laid on the collection site of the Penza State Agrarian University in 2020-2022 on meadow-chernozem soil according to generally accepted methods. Because of the growth regulator application, the indicators of the elements of the structure of the tuber harvest increased in relation to the control. The height of plants varied from 165 to 187.6 cm, the largest mass of aboveground part was 911.5 g, of tubers 1237.1 g, average yield was 22.58 t/ha. The Skorospelka variety is well adapted for growing tubers in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. Effective and environmentally safe methods of increasing yields and improving the quality of Jerusalem artichoke are the treatment of tubers before planting, followed by double foliar fertilization of plants with growth regulators. An increase in yield is observed on average by 5.16 t/ha, the predominance of the share of large tubers by 43.78%.
Keywords: jerusalem artichoke, tubers, growth regulators, biological features, treatment methods, non-root processing, crop structure.
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UDC 633.162:631.58:631.53.041
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.016
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF DIRECT SEEDING OF SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
A.L. Toigildin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.A. Toigildina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; D.E. Ayupov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Nekhodin, graduate student; L.R. Mukhametvaleev, graduate student; G.A. Chizhikova, graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ulyanovsk Stolypin State Agrarian University”, Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8-(8422)55-95-75, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In conditions of growing prices for fixed and circulating assets of crop production, the search for agrotechnologies aimed at increasing the economic efficiency of production is relevant. The purpose of the study is to give an economic assessment of the technology of direct seeding and to substantiate the norms for the application of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of barley in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. Evaluation of the efficiency of the technology of direct seeding of spring barley in comparison with the recommended technology of its cultivation (factor A) in the conditions of the norms of mineral fertilizers (factor B: 0 – without fertilizers; B1 – N45 P30K30; B2 – N90P60K60) was carried out at the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University based on stationary field experience. Studies have shown that in the arid conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region, direct seeding allows for an increase in barley yield in comparison with the recommended technology. Mineral fertilizers with a norm of N45P30K30 increased the yield of barley by 25.6% relative to the variant without fertilizers using traditional technology and by 24.7% using direct seeding, with payback of 7.1 kg of barley grain per 1 kg of fertilizer. Increasing the norms of mineral fertilizers to N90P60K60 increased yields, but their payback decreased. Direct seeding requires 40-41 l/ha less fuel, and in general, costs decreased by 1030-1974 rubles/ha or 3.0-10.0% compared to the recommended technology. According to the technology of direct seeding, in the conditions of introduction of N45P30K30, the largest conditional net income was obtained – 17,563 rubles/ha, with production profitability level of 62.9%. Increasing the norm of mineral fertilizers application to N90P60K60 significantly reduced the economic efficiency both in the recommended technology and in direct seeding.
Keywords: direct seeding, barley, norms of mineral fertilizers, economic efficiency.
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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products
UDC 636.034
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.009
CORRELATION BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR INDICATORS AND MILK YIELD OF HOLSTEIN COWS
O. A. Basonov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, A.S. Kulatkova, Applicant at the Department of "Particular Zootechnics and Breeding of Farm Animals"
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, tel.: +79877576211; +78312143349 (ext.533); e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .
Nowadays, some scientists have demonstrated a close relationship between the exterior and productivity of cows, which is an expression of a certain metabolism. However, when selecting animals, it is important to consider a number of indicators that have a complex effect on milk productivity. It is therefore necessary to determine the degree of their influence in the combination. Studies to evaluate milk productivity, exterior and interior characteristics of the farm animals were carried out in the OOO "Plemzavod named after Lenin" on two groups of cows of the Holstein breed, distributed according to the method of housing. The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between the exterior and interior indicators of cows and milk productivity depending on the method of housing. As a result of the investigations carried out, it was found that cows kept in tethers had a milk yield of 8434 kg in 305 days of lactation and the highest mass percentage of fat (4.09 %) and protein (3.18 %) was found in the group of cows kept in loose housing. The highest milk yield coefficient of tethered cows was 1506 kg. As far as body indices are concerned, the animals studied were characterised by long legs (44.73-45.39%), long body (113.42-113.895), large stocky body (121.4-121.92) and overgrowth (1.5.79-106.24). However, animals of loose housing method outperformed their peers in the chest index by 11.06 absolute values, which was due to the influence of locomotion. It was found that all the animals examined were characterized by good health and a good immune system. The content of formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes) and albumin also correspond to the norm in all the animals studied. The degree of influence of housing method on exterior indicators of the cows (chest depth) was of average strength (0.68). A high degree of influence was found in relation to the phosphorus content in the blood (0.80). A reliable difference was found for all interior indicators except calcium and erythrocytes.
Keywords: housing method, first-calf cows, exterior, interior, milk productivity, body points.
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UDC 636.32/.38
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.018
LIVE WEIGHT AND EXTERIOR FEATURES OF CROSSBRED YOUNG ANIMALS OF THE KALMYK FAT-TAILED BREED WITH THE CHAROLLAIS STUD RAMS
I.S. Rubtsova1, Postgraduate; S.O. Chylbak-ool1, Candidate of Biological Sciences; E.V. Pakhomova1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; A.N. Arilov2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy", Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Kalmyk Research Institute named after M.B. Narmaev – branch of "Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences", Elista, Russia
The article analyzes the data on the results of crossing of Kalmyk fat-tailed ewes with stud rams of the Charollais breed in the conditions of the Yashkulsky District of the Republic of Kalmykia. The exterior measurements were evaluated and the body conformation indices of the crossbred young animals were calculated. The work was carried out under the conditions of the experimental farm "ARL" of the Kalmyk Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.B. Narmaev of the Republic of Kalmykia. The animals were kept under the same housing and feeding conditions. The data obtained indicate that the young animals resulting from the crossing of the Kalmyk fat-tailed breed with the Charolais rams are characterized by a harmonious conformation: the ewes were superior to the rams in the indices of long legs, metacarpal circumference, forehead width and hook bone width by 3.0; 0.6; 10.1; 2.3 % respectively. The body indices of the rams were 10.6, 25.2, 2.5, 0.6, and 2.8 % higher for the other indicators, namely chest, pelvis-chest, massiveness, overgrowth and large head, respectively. In terms of live weight, absolute and average daily gain, the rams outperformed the sheep by 4.5 kg or 12.4 % and 38 g or 12.6 % respectively. As far as the growth intensity of the crossbreed young animals of the two groups is concerned, the indicators were approximately at the same level with 157.3-159.5 %, but the rams were 2.2 % higher. The work was carried out within the framework of the topic "Biotechnological methods of reproduction and genomic technologies in the selection of farm animals and the preservation of the gene pool of small breeds" as part of the project "Scientific and Technological Frontiers" under the "Priority 2030" program.
Keywords: sheep farming, Kalmyk fat-tailed breed, exterior, live weight, Charollais.
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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex
UDC 631.372: 004.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.002
DETERMINATION OF AN EFFECTIVE MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING OPERATING MODES OF DIESEL ENGINE
S.V. Kalachin1, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; K.Z. Kukhmazov1, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; I.A. Murog2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin”, Ryazan, Russia
The presentday development of technological progress in agriculture is based on the widespread introduction of high-tech equipment, which is based on artificial intelligence technologies into production, in particular on the basis of machine learning, which is the most significant and exciting of its subsections. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to develop a method of investigation of the efficiency parameters of existing machine learning algorithms for solving a practical problem, which is prediction of the operating modes of a diesel engine. The solution of the problem was carried out on the basis of the developed computer research method based on the capabilities of the high-level programming language Python, which is a computer model for conducting a computational experiment. Any researcher with elementary knowledge in software development can use th is software to process their own data set. The result of the study showed that each machine learning algorithm for solving a specific practical problem has its own disadvantages and undeniable advantages. But the main efficiency criteria by which the work of any software product is evaluated are the accuracy of the result and the time (speed) of the program code execution. Therefore, to predict the operating modes of a diesel engine, the DecisionTreeRegressor (Decision Tree) is the most effective of the analyzed machine learning algorithms.
Keywords: machine learning, algorithm, operating mode, diesel engine, forecast accuracy, memory consumption, execution time, program code.
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UDC 631.51.01; 631.311
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.004
TEST RESULTS OF A TOOL FOR SHALLOW TILLAGE ON SLOPING LANDS
N.M. Sokolov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, S.B. Streltsov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, V.V. Khudyakov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, P.A. Pokusaev, Postgraduate.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region", Saratov, Russia, tel. 8 (8452) 647688, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents an analysis of the main factors influencing the process of water-induced and technological soil erosion on sloping lands. On the basis of the research carried out, a technological procedure for erosion control treatment was developed, which, simultaneously with non-moldboard loosening of soil, enables the creation of an erosion-inhibiting micro-relief in the form of coulisse on the surface of arable land. The article presents the structural-technological scheme of the tillage tool and the parameters of the coulisses it produces on a sloping plot with a steepness of up to eight degrees. An agrotechnical and operational evaluation of the tillage tool was carried out as part of the study.
Keywords: water and technological erosion, sloping lands, tillage tool, tillage, anti-erosion microrelief, coulisse.
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UDC 631.347.084.13
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.005
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MACHINE ON SLOPING SURFACES
E.Yu. Evseev, teacher
State Educational Institution of Higher Education of Moscow Region "State University of Humanities and Social Studies", Kolomna, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article deals with the issues of increasing the work output of multifunctional machines with circular mode of operation (based on the sprinkling machine "Kuban-LK1") on sloping areas by eliminating the surface flow of the applied solution and increasing the bearing capacity of the soil in the movement zone of the last bogies of the machine. It was found that when the machine is used on sloping areas (with geodetic height difference), special emergency stops occur (three to five times) due to the over-wetting of the cultivated area, which has a negative effect on the coefficient of use of the shift time. It has been revealed that the bearing capacity of the soil can be increased by reducing the intensity of the supply of the working solution by installing improved devices to regulate the flow and pressure characteristics and the spray of sprinklers. Technical solutions to reduce the intensity of the supply of working solution are justified with their experimental verification under the laboratory, field and production conditions. Experimental studies have shown that the combined use of devices for regulating the supply of working solution by sprinklers of the multifunctional machine with circular operation in the conditions of sloping surfaces can ensure reliable and qualitative performance of the technological process of irrigation. In this case, the coefficient for the use of shift time Kcм and thus the work output of the machine increases ω by 15-17%.
Keywords: multifunctional machine, work output, cross-country performance, bearing capacity, supply intensity, flow regulator, divider, shift time use coefficient.
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UDC 633.63:631.171
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.007
MODELING OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE FRAME OF THE DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF LIQUID FERTILIZER, WATERING, AND IRRIGATION
A.L. Sevostianov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; S.I. Golovin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.N. Ryzhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; V.V. Vinogradov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; I.L. Volkova, Senior Lecturer; T.G. Pavlenko, Senior Lecturer; A.I. Gorbatenko Senior Lecturer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Oryol State Agrarian University named after N. V. Parakhin", Oryol, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The work deals with the frame design of the device for liquid fertilizer application, watering and irrigation. The quality operation of this equipment will allow to meet the agrotechnological requirements for the cultivation of crops of a wide range, which largely determines the planned yields. The research was carried out using known principles of solid-state mechanics, theory of elasticity and strength of materials, as well as stress-strain analysis and modeling. In the course of the study, the loads acting on the frame of the device for liquid fertilizer application, irrigation and watering were determined. The beams and struts required for the structure were calculated and the materials were determined using material strength methods. The stress-strain analysis of the condition has shown that the strength and stiffness of the designed and modeled unit will ensure reliable operation of this unit. The device for liquid fertilizer application, watering and irrigation has been developed by the order of the Research Educational and Productive Center "Integration" for material and technical support of production, educational and practical, research and innovation activities of the university in the field of crop production, animal husbandry, processing, storage and sale of products, mechanization of agriculture; training and retraining of personnel, improving the quality of land resources used, increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural production, creating conditions for testing and transfer of innovative technologies.
Keywords: frame, fertilizer application, stress-strain analysis, modeling, agricultural machinery.
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UDC 621.436-634.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.008
RESULTS OF TRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE RESEARCH WHEN OPERATING ON RAPESEED OIL-PETROLEUM FUEL
A.P. Ukhanov1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; M.V. Ryblov1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; D.A. Ukhanov2, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; A.P. Bychenin3, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal Autonomous Institution "The 25th State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Samara, Russia
Motor fuel for tractor equipment includes mixed diesel fuel obtained by mixing commercial petroleum diesel fuel and vegetable oil. In such mixed fuel, vegetable oil acts as a renewable and environmentally friendly biological component. A promising biological component of the mixed fuel is rapeseed oil, produced by pressing from the rape. The article analyzes the main physical and chemical properties of rapeseed oil and mixed rapeseed oil-petroleum fuel with the percentage ratio of biological and oil components 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 90:10. A binary diesel engine power system was designed, manufactured and tested for the operation of an MTZ-80 agricultural tractor with two types of engine fuel (petroleum and mixed), which allows changing the percentage ratio of the mixed fuel components during their mixing depending on the load and speed mode and temperature conditions of operation. The results of bench tests of the D-243 (4Ch11/12.5) diesel engine at the braking system during its operation with mixed rapeseed oil-petroleum fuel compared to its operation with commercial petroleum diesel fuel are presented in terms of power, fuel economy and ecological indicators.
Keywords: diesel mixed fuel, binary diesel power system, experimental studies, estimated indicators.
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UDC 631.313.5
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.011
LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE CULTIVATOR RIPPER ROLLER FOR SECONDARY TILLAGE
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences; A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences; R.R. Khabibullin, postgraduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of higher education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, tel. 89379127279, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper is devoted to an urgent problem of improving the quality of secondary tillage. It is noted in the article that the quality performance of combined preparations for secondary tillage of loamy chernozems does not comply with the agrotechnical requirements fully. There is a description of the design of proposed cultivator ripper roller for secondary tillage and of an experimental installation for laboratory studies to substantiate its optimal structural and operational parameters. There is a methodology for conducting research according to the theory of planning a three-factor experiment. The optimization criterion is the degree of crumbling of the soil, which is characterized by the percentage of lumps less than 50 mm in size in the sample. There were selected the most significant factors (tooth length l, roller diameter d, operation speed𝜗 ), their levels and variation intervals. The matrix of the orthogonal compositional plan of the second order was compiled. Having processed the experimental data on a PC using Microsoft Excel and Statistika, an adequate second-order model that describes the dependence of the optimization criterion on the studied factors was obtained. Calculations were given and response surfaces of the degree of crumbling of the soil and their two-dimensional sections were constructed. The analysis of two-dimensional values shows that the optimal ones are: tooth length 𝑙 = 0.041 m, diameter of the loosening roller d = 0.293 m and operation speed 𝜗 = 1.95 m/s, while the degree of soil crumbling is more than 97.0%.
Keywords: combined aggregate, cultivator, secondary tillage, loosening roller, loosening roller share, soil channel, optimization criteria, degree of crumbling.
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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.012
LABORATORY STUDIES OF A SINGLE-DISC COULTER WITH EPICYCLOIDAL GROOVES
V.A. Sipunov, postgraduate student; V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of higher education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, t. (8-8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the research was to improve the quality of sowing of spring wheat of the Zlata variety with a pneumatic seeder with a developed single-disc coulter with grooves in the form of an epicycloid, which allows to increase the uniformity of seed distribution over the sowing depth. The article reflects that the previously known designs of tined, single-disc and double-disc coulters have significant traction characteristics, cannot provide suitable copying of the field relief, forming an extensive furrow, which is not easy to close up. Aforementioned negatively affects the uniformity of the distribution of seeds of spring wheat of the Zlata variety both along the length of the row and the depth of sowing. The article proposes the design of a disc coulter, which has grooves in the form of an epicycloid contourwise and the results of laboratory studies. The regression equation of the second order is obtained, with the help of which the optimal values of the design parameters are determined, the cutout depth 𝑙 = 0.026...0.031 m (0.02655788 m); the number of cutouts 𝑞 = 10...11 pieces (10 pieces); the diameter of the coulter disc 𝑑 дд= 0.38 ...0.42 m (0.4170157 m), while the optimization parameter is ϭ (mean square deviation seed distribution by row depth) will be 1,9002923616.
Keywords: seeder, laboratory studies, single-disc coulter with epicycloidal grooves, sowing, seeds, soil.
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UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.013
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЫСЕВАЮЩЕГО АППАРАТА ВЫПОЛНЕННОГО В ФОРМЕ ШАЙБЫ С МЕЛКОЗУБЧАТЫМ ПРОФИЛЕМ И НАПРАВИТЕЛЕМ СЕМЯН ДЛЯ ВЫСЕВА СЕМЯН ЛЬНА
A.A. Zakharov, postgraduate student; A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The materials of the article are devoted to the relevant topic: improving the quality indicators of annual small-seeded crops sowing using the example of flax seeds of the Severny variety. These include a satisfactory layout of seeds along the length of a row or a uniform sowing spacing, the stability of general seeding and bruising of the seed material, by improving the technological process of work and the design scheme of the seeding apparatus, made in the form of a puck with a finely toothed profile and a seed guide.The paper describes the design scheme and the principle of operation of the designed seeding apparatus containing a puck with a fine-toothed profile and a seed guide for sowing seeds of annual small-seeded crops (flax seeds of the Severny variety), and also presents the results of theoretical research on finding the technological parameters of the seeding apparatus made in the form of a puck with a fine-toothed profile and a seed guide. As a result of theoretical research, analytical dependencies were found that allow determining the volume of grooves of the designed puck with a fine-toothed profile, moreover, there was determined the volumetric weight of flax seeds of the Severny variety, ejected by a puck with a fine-toothed profile in one turn by the designed seeding apparatus.
Keywords: theoretical justification, puck, surveys, fine tine profile, seeding apparatus, small-seed crops, seeds, flax.
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UDC 631.331.53
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.014
DESIGN OF A DRILLING MECHANISM MADE IN THE FORM OF A ROLLER WITH A FINELY TOOTHED PROFILE TO SOW FLAX SEEDS
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; A.A. Zakharov, postgraduate student; A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The technological process of sowing seeds of annual small-seeded crops using the example of flax seeds imposes special requirements to the schemes of existing drilling mechanisms. Currently, in Russia and in other foreign countries, a roller feed remains one of the most popular mechanical drilling mechanisms, but they also do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements to sow seeds of annual and perennial small-seeded crops. This is primarily due to the physico-mechanical properties of the seeds themselves. As a result, during the operation of the drilling mechanisms, there is an increase in the unsatisfactory spreading of seeds along the length of the row or an uneven seeding space. The stability of the overall seeding rate decreases, which, in turn, leads to increased consumption and bruising of sown seeds. The work is relevant for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation since it is aimed at improving the quality indicators of sowing small-seeded crops using the example of flax seeds of the "Severny" variety by improving its technological process and the design scheme of the sowing mechanism. The article describes the design and technological scheme of the designed drilling mechanism containing a roller with a fine-toothed profile to sow seeds of annual small-seeded crops, such as flax seeds of the "Severny" variety. When working with a new drilling mechanism containing a roller with a fine-toothed profile for sowing flax seeds of the "Severny" variety, the unsatisfactory spreading of the seeds along the length of the groove is reduced, as well as bruising of the seed material, which will further lead to an increase in the biological yield of the crop produced.
Keywords: shape, roller, fine-toothed profile, drilling mechanism, small-seed crops, seeds, seeder.
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UDC 631.33.022.6
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.015
FIELD STUDIES OF A SEEDING UNIT OF A GRAIN SEEDER WITH INCLINATION OF RIDGES AND GROOVES AND PARTITIONS OF THE GROOVES OF A FLUTED ROLLER
A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; A.Yu. Vershigorov, postgraduate student; R.R. Devlikamov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
One of the main and most significant working bodies of a grain seeder remains the seeding unit due to the fact that the quality indicators of sowing depend on its work (unsatisfactory spread of seeds per unit length or seeding space, inaccuracy of the established seeding rate, as well as seed crushing). Not all seeding units comply with the necessary requirements during the operation, therefore, scientists of the Penza State Agrarian University have designed, manufactured and studied the seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclination of ridges, grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller. During laboratory and field studies of the seeding unit of an ordinary seeder with inclination of ridges and grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller, the spreading of seeds per unit length of spring wheat of the Bezenchukskaya 200 variety, the inaccuracy of the established seeding rate and the crushing of the seed material depending on the translational speed of the ordinary seeder were investigated. In the course of laboratory and field studies of the seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclination of ridges and grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller, it was found that the interval of the values of speed of an ordinary seeder V from 7.7 to 10.8 km/h can be considered the best, since at these values the unsatisfactory spreading of seeds per unit length or seed spacing, the inaccuracy of the established seeding rate decreases, as well as seed crushing. When using an experimental seeding unit of a grain seeder with inclination of ridges and grooves and partitions of the grooves of a fluted roller, the uneven distribution of seeds along the length of the groove, the instability of the total seeding and crushing of the seed material decreases.
Keywords: seeding unit, grain seeder, ridge, seeds, roller.
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UDC 665.7.035 + 665.753
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.019
METHOD FOR THE INTEGRAL ESTIMATION OF HEAT RELEASE DURING THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION OF MOTOR FUELS IN A MULTI-CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE USING EXPANDED INDICATOR DIAGRAMS
D.A. Ukhanov1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; D.A. Manshev1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.P. Ukhanov1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
1Federal Autonomous Establishment "The 25th State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia;
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
To estimate the heat release during the combustion of new or modified diesel fuels in the delayed combustion and afterburning phases on the expansion line of the expanded indicator diagram of a diesel engine, a new method has been developed which consists of determining the difference between the areas bounded by the fuelinjected and non-fuel-injected indicator diagrams, as well as the ordinates of the start of the delayed combustion phase and the start of stabilization of the minimum cylinder gas pressures at the end of the expansion stroke. This area of the indicator diagram is calculated in conventional units (c.u.) by numerical integration using the trapezoidal rule when the diesel engine is running on experimental and control fuels at different load and speed modes. If the obtained difference of the areas of indicator diagrams, which is considered as an integral indicator of heat release, does not exceed the rejection value of 0.0025 c.u., then, the new or modified fuel is recommended for use in a full-size diesel engine together with pre-determined regulated indicators of physical, chemical and operational properties.
Keywords: diesel fuel, expanded indicator diagrams, combustion process, heat release, estimated indica-tors.
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Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)
UDC 336.02
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.020
EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME OF THE RURAL POPULATION: REGIONAL ASPECT
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor; N.M. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor, Yu.Yu. Rassypnova, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the rating position of the regions of the Volga Federal District according to the main indicators of socioeconomic development, the Penza Region belongs to the category of outsiders in terms of population, natural growth, average per capita income, average monthly nominal accrued wages, unemployment rate. The problems of demography, employment, unemployment and wages in rural areas deserve special attention. The decline in the permanent population, depopulation processes in rural areas, reduction of employment and real wages negatively affect labor for the agricultural production. The study of these processes in comparison with other subjects of the Volga Federal District is relevant and reflects the regional specifics of factors affecting the rural labor market. The peculiarity of the study is that the article provides information on the dynamics of the effective indicators of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region, the availability of its labor resources, the number of permanent population, income level and the development of social infrastructure in rural areas. The conclusion is made about the relationship of these elements, the use of systematic and integrated approaches in the study of processes in the rural labor market of the Penza region. The use of state support funds within the framework of the regional program of integrated rural development will contribute to the activation of rural employment.
Keywords: labor resources, employment of the population, rural area, remuneration.
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UDC: 338.434
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.021
IS THE SUPPORT OF NOVICE FARMERS A MYTH OR A REALITY?
R.I. Dubin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; R.A. Arslanova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.S. Babakova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Astrakhan Tatishchev State University”, Astrakhan, Russia, tel. 8(8512)24-66-52, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
State support for agricultural production is one of the key forms of government influence on the level and rate of economic development of regions, the welfare of the population, the distribution of resources and income. The main goal of state support is to ensure the financial stability of the agro-industrial complex and to increase the number of farmers. The agro-industrial complex of the Astrakhan region has maintained positive dynamics for a number of years, occupied a leading position and been a key element of the socio-economic development of the region. The implementation of the Agrostartup grant project within the framework of the program to support novice farmers in the Astrakhan region allowed both experienced and novice farmers to create or expand their farms, as well as provide additional permanent jobs. The article presents an assessment of the implementation of the Agrostartup project in the Astrakhan region in dynamics from 2019 to 2022. Over the years of the program's implementation, more than 300 applicants have become participants in the competition. As a result of the competitive selection, 124 applicants were recognized as winners. The analysis of the data showed that most of the grantees' projects, over the years of research, have been aimed at the development of the animal husbandry and crop production industry, the rest are accounted for by farmers engaged in activities in the field of aquaculture and processing of agricultural products.
Keywords: agro-industrial complex, state support, novice farmer, subsidy, crop production, animal hus-bandry
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Agronomy
UDC 631.412+631.445.4+631.822+631.867
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.003
CHANGES IN THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM WHEN USING CHEMICAL AMELIORANTS AND POULTRY MANURE
N.S. Ochkina, post-graduate student, А.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor, Е.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Е.Е. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different rates of marl, dolomite flour and their com-binations with poultry manure on the acid-base properties of leached chernozem. To solve these problems in the first agro-soil district of Penza region we conducted field studies in the period from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that the use of marl and dolomite flour had an equal effect on the acid-base properties of leached cher-nozem, and the highest effect in this case was provided by the ameliorant rate equal to 1.5 Ng. The application of marl and dolomite meal at the rate of 1.5 Ng together with poultry manure had the most significant effect on the increase of cation exchange capacity, the sum of exchangeable bases, pHsalt value and decrease of hydrogen ions concentration in soil absorbing complex. Amount of cation exchange capacity when marl and dolomite meal were added together with poultry manure increased by 2.6-2.7 mg-eq./100 g, the amount of exchangeable bases - by 4.8-4.9 mg-eq./100 g, pHsalt - by 1.37-1.38 units, concentration of hydrogen ions in soil absorbing complex decreased by 2.20 mg-eq./100 g.
Keywords: leached chernozem, marl, dolomite flour, poultry manure, cation exchange capacity, total ex-changeable bases, acidity.
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UDC 633.854.78
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.004
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISATION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN TERMS OF THEIR ECONOMIC VALUE AND ADAPTABILITY COEFFICIENT
А.V. Lekarev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Research Scientist;
L.А. Gudova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Research Scientist;
О.А. Polevaya Senior Research Scientist; А.V. Pominov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Research Scientist
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of South-East", Saratov,
Russia тел. 89271242886, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper presents the results of the study of sunflower hybrids breeding FSBSI "FASC of South-East" in the period 2019-2022, which were evaluated according to the following indicators: oilseed yield, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil yield per unit area. It was found that the oilseed yield of the standard sunflower hybrid YuVS 3 varied in the range of 1.85-5.67 t/ha, the experimental hybrids - 1.35-3.68 t/ha in the years of research. On average over the years of research, the highest yield under factor A (hybrid) was found in hybrid PG 16u×966 (3.10 t/ha), 1000 seeds weight in hybrid YuVS 3 (57.12 g), oil content 50,0 % and higher in hybrids PG 32×966, PG 32×50, PG 3116×ATI, PG 16u×966, oil yield per unit area in hybrid PG 16u×966 (1.46 t/ha). For factor B (year), the hybrids formed the highest average yield in 2022, 1000 seed weight in 2019, oil content and oil yield in 2020. The greater influence on the variability of the trait "oil seeds yield" was exerted by mutual influence of the factors AB (46,6%), mass of 1000 seeds - factor A (38,0%), oil capacity and oil yield - factor B (59,9% and 47,7%, respectively). Zhivotkov adaptability coefficient (CA) was used as an indicator of adaptability, according to which PG 16u×966 and PG 3116×ATI hybrids are characterized by high adaptability (CA >100%) for all studied traits.
Keywords: sunflower, hybrid, yield, 1000 seed weight, oil content, adaptability.
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UDC 633.112.631
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.005
EVALUATION OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
I.R. Manukyan, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Scientific Centre "Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the adaptability of winter triticale varieties of different eco-logical and geographical zones under the agroecological conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus in terms of yield. The research was carried out on the fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020-2022. Six winter triticale varieties developed in different ecological and geographical regions were used to study their adaptability. Climatic conditions varied in the study years. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.4 to 0.3. A negative index was characteristic of 2020, when soil and air drought during the vegetation period was a factor affecting yields. The winter triticale varieties studied showed different adaptability. The Gor and Hortenso varieties showed a high tolerance to environmental stressors. The varieties Gor and Hortenso showed a stable high ear productivity (136.3 and 141.0 %). The drought tolerance index (DSI) values up to one were for the varieties Gor (0.38) and Hortenso (0.67), and Almaz equal to one (1.04). High values of the PPI were ob-tained for the varieties Gor (18.4), Hortenso (17.3) and Almaz (13.8). The variation of yield trait by variety was 9.6-29.3%. The varieties Gor (9.6 %) and Hortenso (13.7 %) had the lowest coefficient of variation. The follow-ing varieties are recommended for practical breeding for productivity and drought tolerance under the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus: Gor, Hortenso, and Almaz.
Keywords: breeding, winter triticale, productivity, drought tolerance.
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UDC 631.86: 633.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.011
IMPACT OF ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY OF CROPS CULTIVATION IN A GRAIN-FALLOW ROTATION ON THEIR YIELDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA REGION
O.A. Olenin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, researcher; S.N. Zudilin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.Y. Vasiliskov, post-graduate student; P.V. Melnikov, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Samara State Agrarian University”, Ust-Kinelsky, Kinel, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The influence of multi-component organic fertilizers and biopreparation on the prevalence of root rot and brown leaf rust and crop yield of grain-fallow crop rotation compared with mineral fertilizers and pesticides was studied. Organic technology of cultivation with integrated use of multicomponent organic fertilizers and biolog-ical preparations with functions of biofungicide and biobactericide provided an effective reduction of the inci-dence of field crops affected by root rot and brown leaf rust. The combined use of seed pelleting and bioprepa-ration during the vegetation period reduced the incidence of root rot compared to the control (without fertilizers and preparations) by 49.3 % in winter wheat, 45.8 % in spring durum wheat and 31.0 % in barley. On average by preparations, polyfunctional biopreparations with double treatment during the growing season gave an in-crease in yield of 6.0-8.2 % compared to the pesticide application variants.
Keywords: organic fertilisers, biopreparations, root rot, brown leaf rust, yield.
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UDC 631/635: 633/635: 633
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.008
YIELD STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES IN PLANT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
А.А.Kuteeva1, deputy manager, applicant; G.F. Yartsev2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
1Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Agricultural Center" in the Orenburg Region, Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89228580936, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orenburg State Agrarian University", Orenburg, Russia, tel. 89128462695, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Plant damage by various diseases is often accompanied by a significant reduction in the yield of food crops. In this regard, the exclusion of losses of potential yield of spring wheat has a high relevance. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of formation of yield structure elements under the influence of various seed dressing agents and to identify their varietal characteristics. The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 on the southern chernozems of the educational and experimental field of the Orenburg SAU with the varieties Oren-burgskaya 10, Yugo-Vostochnaya 2, L 503 and seed dressers Scenic Comby, TMTD-plus, Turion, Raksil Ultra and Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t). Agronomic techniques corresponded to the zonal one. Field experiments were car-ried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the use of the seed dressers, with the exception of Phytosporin M (1.0 l/t), was accompanied by an increase in yield and associated with a positive change in the elements of the structure. Higher efficiency of the preparation Turion (0.35 l/t) was provided by the higher weight of grains per ear (0.28 g) with not the highest density of productive stem (341 units/m2). Being inferior to its effectiveness, Raxil Ultra (0.25 l/t) and TMTD-plus (2.5 l/t) did not provide the same or higher levels of yield due to lower grain weight per ear (0.27 g and 0.26 g) at a higher density of productive stems - 349 and 354 units/m2. Different varieties are characterized by individual characteristics of the correlation of yield with the elements of the structure. If the weight of grains per ear had the greatest impact on the yield of all varieties, the second most important element for the varieties Orenburgskaya 10 and Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the mass of 1000 grains, and for the variety L-503 - the density of productive stem, which for the variety Yugo-Vostochnaya 2 was the third most important element of the structure, and for the variety Orenburgskaya 10 was not included in the number of significant elements.
Keywords: spring wheat, varieties, seed dressers, grain yield, yield structure.
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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.010
CHARACTERISTICS OF SYMBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF PEA PLANTS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; N.V. Shabyshev, Postgraduate; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article deals with the ability of pea plants to form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (NFS) with nodule bacteria depending on the level of mineral nutrition. The fundamental indicators characterising the symbiotic activity of pea plants are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the symbiotic activity of pea and to justify the optimal level of mineral nutrition that ensures the effective formation of nitro-gen-fixing symbiosis as an indicator of the production process. The following objectives were achieved: study of the dynamics of changes in the number and weight of nodules, comparative assessment of symbiotic activity at different levels of mineral nutrition, determination of the nitrogen fixation coefficient of pea plants at different levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was found that the best indicators of symbiotic activity of pea plants are formed against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers in the amount of N16P16K16. This level of mineral nutrition contributed to the formation of a large number of active nodules with a high mass on the root system, the development of a higher active symbiotic potential and specific symbiotic activity during the vegetation period. The N16P16K16 showed high values for fixed air nitrogen and nitrogen fixation coefficient.
Keywords: peas, mineral nutrition level, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, nodule bacteria, specific activity of symbiosis, nitrogen fixation coefficient.
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UDC 633.854.54 : 632.5.01/.08
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.012
EVALUATION OF THE WEED COMPONENT IN OILSEED FLAX CROPS AS A BASIS FOR PHYTOSANITARY DESIGN
D.V. Bochkarev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.V. Stolyarov1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; A.N. Nikolsky1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; G.N. Kuznetsova, 2Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; V.D. Bochkarev1, Candidate for Master's Degree; A. G. Vishnyakov1, Candidate for Master's Degree.
1National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2The Siberian Experimental Station – A Branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Isilkul, Omsk Region, Russia.
The article presents the results of studying the long-term dynamics of the weed component of oilseed flax agrophytocenoses in the South of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation. It was found that under conditions of extensive cultivation, the highest abundance is characteristic of the groups of early spring, rhizomatous and root-sprouting weeds. The population density of wintering weeds has now increased. The population density of the late spring species – cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), and green bristlegrass (Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.) has increased. Rhizomatous and root-sprouting perennial species have maintained their species composition but have significantly reduced their numbers. It is mainly formed by field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), marsh woundwort (Stachys palustris L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). The taxonomic structure of the weed cenosis remained quite stable. Depending on the level of oilseed flax cultivation technology, representatives of 58-73 genera were found. At the same time, most of them were monotypic or oligotypic. The main role in the formation of the segetal flora was played by representatives of the families: Asteraceae (18-27 %), Brassicaceae (11-13 %), Poaceae (8-13 %), Lamiaceae (7-11 %), and Fabaceae (3-7 % of all recorded species). Regardless of the level of applied technology, species from the Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Lamiaceae families stably maintained their population density. The polyspecific weed spectrum that forms in oilseed flax crops currently requires a complex application of graminicides and herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds.
Keywords: oilseed flax, weed species, population density, agrobiological groups, taxonomic analysis.
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UDC 631.8
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.014
EFFECT OF ZINC CHLORIDE AND ZINC SULPHATE ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF PEA SEEDS
A.V. Nushtaeva, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Blinokhvatova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article presents the results of a laboratory study of the effect of a single treatment of pea seeds with zinc ions in the composition of chloride or sulphate on the indicators of seed germination and the development of roots and seedlings at the initial stage. A positive effect of both chloride and sulphate at a concentration of 10-50 mg/l in relation to Zn2+ on seed germination, average root and seedling length, dry mass of roots and seedlings was found. The optimal zinc ion concentration for seed treatment in our experiments was 20-30 mg/l. In this concentration range, zinc chloride had a slightly stronger growth-promoting effect than sulphate, especially on root length. The average root length was increased up to 25 % and seedlings – 49 % after ZnCl2 treatment compared to the control, and up to 3% (roots) and 35-52% (seedlings) after ZnSO4 treatment, respectively. The weights of 100 roots and 100 seedlings were 41% and 64% (ZnCl2) and 32% and 50% (ZnSO4) higher than the control values at a concentration of 20-30 mg/l. In general, a minimum concentration of zinc ions of 20 mg/l, both in chloride and sulphate form, was sufficient for an effective action.
Keywords: trace elements, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, laboratory germination, germination energy, crop farming.
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UDC:633.15:631.81
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.007
FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER SYSTEMIC APPLICATION OF MEGAMIX PREPARATIONS
R.N. Saniev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; V.G. Vasin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
D.I. Trifonov, Postgraduate, S.V. Fadeev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Kinel, Russia, tel. +7(937)-666-95-50, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, the research was carried out on the crops of maize hybrids with fertilizer application for planned yields of 7.0 and 9.0 t/ha and systemic treatment during vegetation with preparations of Megamix. In 2020-2022, studies were conducted at the "Samara State Agrarian University", where it was found that maize hybrids form a photosynthetic potential of 2,670.3 to 3,091.2 thousand m2/ha days. With the application of fertilizers for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha and the complex application of Megamix preparations, the maximum value of photosynthetic potential is reached by the crops of the hybrid Amarok with the indicator of 3,091.2 thousand m2/ha, and the maximum increase is 112.4 thousand m2/ha days in the crops of the hybrid Si Telias. The average yields of the maize hybrids in the three years were in the range of 5.10 - 8.36 t/ha, with the maximum yield achieved in crops of the hybrid Amarok when fertilizers were applied for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha and systemic application of stimulating preparations of Megamix. The best efficiency of application of stimulating preparations is observed against the background of fertilizer application for the planned yield of 7.0 t/ha. The increase was 0.18-0.72 t/ha, while on the second background (fertilizer application for the planned yield of 9.0 t/ha) the increase was 0.18-0.50 t/ha.
Keywords: Megamix, hybrids, yield, stimulation, photosynthetic potential.
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UDC 632.937.31 + 633.9 + 635.9+71
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.015
USE OF THE MULTIPURPOSE CROP MISCANTHUS GIGANTEUS IN LANDSCAPE PHYTODESIGN
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.A. Volodkin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The main raw material for cellulose production is wood, which is also used as fuel, but it takes at least 80 years for forests to regenerate. Therefore, there is a need to find other possible sources of energy and cellulose. Miscanthus giganteus can be used as a promising renewable raw material, which is an alternative not only to forest crops but also to ornamental ones. In this regard, studies on the introduction of Miscanthus on light gray soils have been conducted since 2013 in the Middle Volga Region (which belongs to the zone of unstable mois-ture). In the first year of planting, well-formed plants produced an above-ground yield of 14 t/ha with sufficient moisture. In the second year it doubled, and in the third year it reached 36 t/ha despite dry conditions. The following two years were the most productive, when 40 and 41 t/ha were obtained with sufficient moisture. In the hyperarid years 2018, 2019 it decreased by 9 and 11 t/ha compared to the fifth year of life. The vegetation periods 2020 and 2021 were favourable, but precipitation fell earlier or later than the critical phases of miscan-thus development, resulting in yield reductions of up to 25 t/ha. Weakening of the plants in the tenth year of life due to partial death of the rhizomes caused by over-watering resulted in a decrease in stem density and yield to 23.5 t/ha. On average, 31.3 t/ha of energy biomass can be formed per year from the second year of life, which is equivalent to wood in terms of cellulose content depending on the age of the plants (48.10-59.81%), and in terms of calorific value, the raw material meets European standards. A tall Miscanthus with brightly colored pendulous leaves and anthocyanin coloring at the nodes allows it to be used as an accent plant in ornamental landscaping.
Keywords: Miscanthus giganteus, introduction, yield, cellulose, calorific value, ornamental grass, aesthetics.
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UDC 631.8+631.452
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.013
INFLUENCE OF LIME MATERIALS AND THEIR COMBINATION WITH POULTRY MANURE ON THE FERTILITY OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM
N.S. Ochkina1, Postgraduate Student; A.N. Arefiev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.N. Kuzin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; E.E. Kuzina1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; R.I. Dubin2, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", Astrakhan. Russia
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of chemical meliorants and their combinations with poultry manure on the fertility of leached chernozem. To achieve the set goal, field experiments were conducted in 2019-2022 at the Educational and Experimental Farm of Penza State Agrarian University. Studies have shown that the highest effect on humus accumulation, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium in the arable layer of leached chernozem (medium-thick and medium-humic) was obtained by the complex application of marl and dolomite powder with poultry manure. At the end of the study, the humus content in the arable layer exceeded the initial values by 0.21-0.22%, alkaline-hydrolyz-able nitrogen by 28.4-28.5 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus by 20.5-20.6 mg/kg soil, labile potassium by 21.5-21.6 mg/kg soil against the background of the after-effect of marl and dolomite powder in the amount of 1.0 Ng in complex with poultry manure in the amount of 30 t/ha. Application of chemical meliorants at 1.5 Ng in combi-nation with poultry manure increased humus content by 0.24-0.25%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 29.9-30.0 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus by 23.4-23.8 mg/kg soil, and labile potassium by 24.9-25.0 mg/kg soil.
Keywords leached chernozem, marl, dolomite powder, poultry manure, humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable ni-trogen, labile phosphorus, labile potassium.
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UDC 631.412+631.452
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.016
INFLUENCE OF THE ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING ON THE CHANGE OF THE AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEADOW CHERNOZEM SOIL AND CROP YIELDS
K.Yu. Kiseleva, Postgraduate Student; E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.N. Arefiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.E. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia. tel. 8(412) 62-85-65, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article studies the influence of organic farming elements on agrochemical properties of meadow cher-nozem soil. Studies have shown that manure, siderates and their complex use, together with stubble biodegrader and the non-marketable part of the crop rotation yield, has a positive impact on the content of humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium. The greatest influence on the change of a number of factors of soil fertility was made by the use of legumes in combination with stubble biodegrader and by-products of agricultural crops during the independent and intermediate sideration in grain-row and fallow crop rotation. At the end of the study in 2022, the humus content was 5.23-5.24%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen – 119.1-120.0 mg/kg soil, labile phosphorus – 94.9-95.1 mg/kg soil, labile potassium – 158.0 mg/kg soil in the arable layer of the meadow chernozem soil, exceeding the initial values by 0.39-0.40%, 27.4-28.0 mg/kg soil, 22.6-22.7 mg/kg soil and 27.6 mg/kg soil, respectively. The increase in the content of humus, alkaline-hydro-lyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus and labile potassium compared to the control variant was significant and amounted to 0.29-0.30 %, 19.9-20.8 mg/kg soil, 14.8-15.0 mg/kg soil and 18.1 mg/kg soil, respectively.
Keywords: meadow chernozem soil, manure, siderates, stubble biodegrader, humus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, labile phosphorus, labile potassium.
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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products
UDC 636.084.415
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.002
COMPLEX FUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON CALF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
М.S. Upinin, post-graduate student; А.Y. Lavrentiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University", Cheboksary, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The production security of dairy farms is directly dependent on the breeding of their own replacement heifers. In recent years, the standard for the Holstein breed is that heifers should be inseminated no later than 14 months of age and calved at 22-24 months of age. Based on today's realities, many farms are aiming to breed their own young cattle, which in the future will increase profits from raw milk production. For this purpose, farms use various biological additives in the diets for feeding calves up to the age of six months. Due to the high demand of farms for effective feed additives which improve the growth and development of calves in the period of growth, we conducted research on the effect of using the complex functional additives Rumenfit 50 and Ru-menfit 100 in the starter feeds. For the experiment three groups of calves of Holstein breed of 60-65 days of age were formed, which were selected by the method of similar groups: control, first experimental and second ex-perimental. Calves of the control group were fed the basic ration accepted in the farm. Animals of the first experimental group were given the complex functional additive Rumenfit 100 in the composition of the starter mixed fodder at the rate of 10 g per head daily, while calves of the second experimental group received the complex functional additive Rumenfit 50 at the rate of 5 g per head daily, respectively. Based on the data on the monthly reweighting of all animals participating in the scientific and economic experiment, it can be concluded that the average daily live weight gain was higher by 3.5% in the first experimental group and by 1.6% in the second experimental group relatively to the control group after the first month of feeding the experimental groups of animals with the complex functional additives Rumenfit 50 and 100. The average daily live weight gain of the heifers in the first experimental group was 14 g higher than that of the second experimental group at three months of age.
Keywords: calf, live weight, dietary supplement, average daily gain, ration, compound feed.
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UDC 636.2.082.25:636.237.21
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.009
THE INFLUENCE OF STUD BULLS ON THE ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS OF DAUGHTERS
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; E.A. Zykina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.V. Nikishova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; T.A. Guseva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, vol. 8(8412) 628380, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Studies on the evaluation of stud bulls by the quality of offspring were carried out on purebred animals of the Holstein breed in the conditions of the dairy complex of OOO "Pachelma farm" OP "Serdobskoye". The daughters of the three bulls Lotto, Gotham and Wormont were subject to evaluation. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the animals of all the evaluatedstud bulls have a high assessment of the exterior and meet the breed standard by physique type. The obtained results indicate the absence of a reliable influence of stud bulls on the reproductive properties of heifers and live weight indicators. A significant difference was noted only in the size of the live weight of the Wormont daughters, in comparison with the live weight of the daughters of other bulls. As a result of the use of sexed semen in the group of heifers born from the Gotham daughters, there were more than from the Lotto and the Wormont daughters, respectively, by 6 and 11%. The higher yield of heifers was observed in the Lotto daughters (80%), and the lowest in the Wormont daughters. The Lotto and the Gotham daughters had 10.9% more of an average yield of heifers than the Wormont daughters. The daughters of all bulls have a decrease in the milk yield for the third lactation in relation to the first lactation. The Lotto daughters reduced milk yield by 539.2 kg or 4.88%, the Gotham daughters – by 518.4 kg or 4.7%. The Wormont daughters – by 252.6 kg or 2.7%. Animals in the second lactation exceeded cows in milk yield for the third lactation. This superiority was 3024.1 kg or 22.3% in the Lotto daughters, 2900.6 kg or 21.6% in the Gotham daughters, 80 kg or 0.89% in the Wormont daughters. In general, the Lotto daughters are the best in terms of milk productivity.
Keywords: stud bulls, Holstein breed, milk productivity.
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UDC 636.4
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.006
EFFECT OF AN ENZYME PREPARATION WITH PHYTASE ACTIVITY ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FATTENING PIGS
L.R. Mikhailova, assistant; A.Yu. Lavrentiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chuvash State Agrarian University", Cheboksary, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The rational organisation of feeding has always been one of the critical factors in achieving high animal productivity. In domestic pig farming, the priority is to reduce costs by increasing the digestibility of nutrients in the feed and improving the availability of digested nutrients. One of the most important thing needed for this task is the inclusion of enzyme preparations in the compound feed. They are essential in the animal body to increase the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the enzyme preparation Fidbest P5000 GT as part of compound feed on the growth, development and feed consump-tion of young fattening pigs. To achieve this purpose, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out. The studies were performed on young pigs of the large white breed between 60 and 210 days of age. Four groups of 12 animal units each were formed according to the principle of analogous groups. Pigs in all groups were kept under the same feeding and housing conditions. To determine the effect of the tested enzyme preparation on the growth and development of the experimental animals, they were weighed and measured every 30 days, taking into account the consumption of the compound feed and its residues the next day. The use of the enzyme prep-aration Fidbest P5000 GT as part of compound feed for young fattening pigs contributes to the growth, devel-opment and reduction of feed costs per unit of production of young pigs. The use of the enzyme preparation Fidbest P5000 GT in compound feeds made it possible to increase the average daily gain in live weight of young pigs by 4.8%, 9.3% and 6.8%, and to achieve a reduction in feed costs by 4.7%, 8.6% and 6.5%, respectively, compared to the young pigs in the control group. The best indicators were in the second experimental group, in which the studied enzyme preparation was added in the amount of 90 g/t to the composition of the compound feed.
Keywords: enzyme, phytase, compound feed, live weight, body composition indices, feed consumption, young pigs.
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UDC: 636.2.034:636.234.1:636.082.25
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.017
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HOLSTEIN COWS ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF MOTHERS AND THEIR DAUGHTERS
V.V. Lyashenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; A.V. Gubina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; I.V. Kaeshova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; N.Yu. Chupsheva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Teacher
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the intensification of dairy cattle breeding, the improvement of the productive and breeding qualities of the cows in the dairy herd through the formation of breeding stock by replacement heifers from high-priced sires and dams is of great importance. The results of published scientific studies on the effects of dams on daughter productivity are contradictory and need to be studied on a herd-specific basis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the milk productivity of dams and their daughters. The research was carried out under the conditions of a modern dairy complex on a herd of Holstein cows. Dams with a completed sixth lactation and their daughters with a first, second or third completed lactation with different levels of milk production were evaluated. The results of the comparative evaluation of the milk productivity of mother cows and their daughters for the first three lactations show higher values for the daughters. For the first lactation, daughters had 17% higher milk yield than their mothers (р < 0.001), 10.6% higher for the second lactation, and 34.7% higher for the third one (р < 0.001). The mass fraction of fat in the milk of the daughters exceeded that of the dams by 0.2-0.08% in each of the first, second, and third lactations, and by mass fraction of protein in the milk, the daughters significantly (р < 0.01-р < 0.001) exceeded their mothers by 0.3-0.06 % in all contiguous lactations. It should be noted that mothers weakly transmit their qualities to daughters in terms of milk yield (h2 = 0.24-0.26) and mass fraction of protein in milk (h2 = 0.28-0.3), while in terms of mass fraction of fat in milk a high coefficient of inheritance was found in the second and third lactations (h2 = 0.56-0.62). Thus, it can be seen that the daughters are superior to their mothers in milk productivity in the compared lactations.
Keywords: Holstein breed, milk productivity, mothers, daughters, lactation, heritability of traits.
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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex
UDC 631.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.018
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOWING MATERIAL BY THE DISTRIBUTOR OF THE PNEUMATIC SEEDER
A.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. (8-8412) 62-85-17, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
With increasing supply of seed of grain crops on the deflection surface of the seed distributor, which has the shape of a horizontal surface, the irregularity of seed distribution in the distributing head of the pneumatic seeder increases. This is due to the fact that the number of crop seeds that do not reach the deflector increases due to the seeds flying ahead, because as they fly away they reduce their speed and prevent them from moving easily to the deflector. As a result, the seeds collide with each other and are dispersed in a different pattern than the seeds that are deflected by the deflector, resulting in a much smaller dispersal area. A change in seed distri-bution occurs: the seed tubes in the center of the seed distributor receive slightly more seeds than those at the edges of the distributor, increasing the irregularity of seed distribution. This problem complicates the develop-ment of distributors shaped like a horizontal surface for pneumatic grain seeders with a sowing width of more than five meters, because in this case the first distribution stage receives a much higher load and the above-mentioned disadvantage of seed distribution occurs. This disadvantage can be eliminated by distributing the seeds over the deflector plate of the distributor. This requires the installation of an additional deflecting plate in the seed distributor [6, 9].
Keywords: supply, distributor, deflector, seed distribution, seeder.
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Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)
UDC 339.187.62
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.019
ACTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL LEASING IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
О.А. Tagirova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-professor; V.S. Kozhaev, Master's student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, ph. +79656385748, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the study is to develop recommendations and practical proposals to improve the mechanism of leasing relations in the agricultural sector of the region. The object of research is leasing relations of agricultural enterprises of Penza region. The suggested directions of solving the problem of import substitution imply using a preferential leasing mechanism: subsidy to a leasing company - 50 % of equipment cost; 5 % - leasing payment; 8 years - leasing term; 0 % - appreciation of leased property. This solution will increase the efficiency of agri-culture, increase the volume of reproductive seeds, and strengthen the economic condition of the region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Indirect support for agricultural producers in Penza region is possible through preferential taxation. It is proposed to reduce the tax rate on property transferred under a leasing agreement to 0%, thereby reducing the interest on lease payments, which will increase the attractiveness of leasing for agri-cultural producers.
Keywords: regional economy, agriculture, leasing, leasing relations, mechanism, preferential taxation.
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UDC 631.158:658.3
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.021
EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR FOR STABLE FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATIONS
N.N. Bondina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor; I.A. Bondin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; E.V. Shirokova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; I.E. Shpagina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The results of the participants' activity in the agrobusiness depend on the efficient use of its production potential. Faced with limited resources, economic entities need to improve the efficient use of production poten-tial. The relevance of the aforementioned problem has underpinned the need to assess available resources and their impact on consumption and reproduction. The study assesses the place and role of the Penza Region in the agriculture of the Volga Federal District. In recent years, the region, together with the Republic of Tatarstan and the Saratov Region, has been in the top three for gross agricultural production in the district. The primary reason for the active growth of the agricultural industry is the increase in the production potential of the agricultural sector. The article contains a comparative analysis of the provision of agricultural enterprises of the region with land and labour resources, fixed assets and material stocks in relation to the dynamics and indicators of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. The research has led to the following conclusion: agricultural en-terprises in the Penza Region have a much better supply of some types of resources, but the efficiency of their use is lower than the average of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. This indicates that there is considerable scope for increasing production.
Keywords: production potential, resource potential, land resources, fixed assets, material resources
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UDC 6361:115.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.65.1.020
FARMING AND PRIVATE SUBSIDIARY PLOTS OF THE POPULATION TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY IN THE REGION
O.A. Stolyarova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Reshetkina, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the problems and main directions of development of private subsidiary and peasant (individual) farms, which under the conditions of cooperation can achieve high results in the agricultural sector of the region. This can help ensure food security in the region and sustainable rural development. The purpose of the article is to propose the main directions for the development of small farmings. The development of the agricultural sector in private subsidiary plots and peasant (individual) farms of the population of the Penza Re-gion is presented as an object. The following research methods were used in the study: monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical. Special attention is paid to the review of the development directions of private sub-sidiary plots of the population as one of the important links in solving the food supply of the population and the retention of labour force in rural areas. As a result of the analysis of crop and livestock production, the authors noted that the production dynamics of these types of products in peasant (individual) farms is positive, and livestock production in private subsidiary plots of the population is significantly declining, because they have difficulties with the distribution of products and the use of innovative equipment and technologies. The authors focused mainly on the federal project "Development of Vegetable and Potato Farming", which enables self-employed farmers in the agricultural sector to receive subsidies to cover part of their costs. According to the authors, not all owners of private subsidiary plots will be able to register self-employment. In order to support small forms of farming, the legal foundations must be developed at the state level. The main results of the re-search carried out are, firstly, bringing together smaller forms of farming to create and improve consumer coop-eration and, secondly, increasing the efficiency of cooperatives in a single methodological link.
Keywords: small business, cultivation areas, production, self-employed, consumer cooperation.
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