UDC 631.331.53
DOI 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.019

RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES OF A SEED DRILL WITH A DOUBLY CONCAVE ASYMMETRIC PROFILE OF THE FLUTES OF ROLLER OF THE SEEDING UNIT
P. A. Machneva, Student¹ P-11 NPM; A. V. Machnev², Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; P. N. Khorev³, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,
M. A. Mazitov², Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,
¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia", Moscow, Russia,
²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian Biotechnological University", Moscow, Russia,
³Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia,
tel. (937) 43-43-711, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

It is possible to sow crops correctly and within the specified time with mechanical or pneumatic seed drills. Both of them use the roller seeding units for accurate seed metering. However, the existing mechanical seeding units do not fully meet the quality requirements for the distribution of the seed on the field surface, i.e. in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the movement of the seeding unit, and also cause increased crushing of the seeds. The purpose of the study is therefore to improve the quality of sowing cereal crops with mechanical seeding unit. To achieve this, it was necessary to solve the following problems: to develop a mechanical seeding unit with a doubly concave asymmetric profile of the flutes of the roller of the seed drill, capable of improving the quality of sowing the cereal crops, to develop methods and techniques for researching the developed seeding unit, to preliminarily evaluate the use of the developed seeding unit with a doubly concave asymmetric profile of the flutes of the roller of the seed drill under field conditions. The authors studied the third and seventh regions of admission, considering the use of a universal seed drill. On this basis, it was decided to test the seed drill, which is equipped with a seeding unit with a doubly concave asymmetric profile of the flutes of the roller, on Ekada 214 soft spring wheat seeds under field conditions. The field studies of the basic and experimental seed drills were carried out at an average operating speed of 14.5 km/h. The seed sowing nonuniformity of the individual machines with a doubly concave asymmetric profile was +2.5%, compared to – 0.2 for the basic variant, and the seed crushing was 0.3 times lower. This led to an increase in crop yield of 5...7 %. The shaping of the surface of the flutes of a roller therefore leads to an increase in the quality of the sowing.
Keywords: seed drill, seed, regions of admission, regular sowing, grain crops, seeding unit, roller, doubly concave asymmetric profile of flutes of roller.

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