Agronomy
UDC 577.12
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.002
CHANGES IN PROLINE CONTENTIN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL COTTON CULTIVARS UNDER SIMULATED ABIOTIC STRESS
A.S. Imamkhodzhayeva1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
N.R. Rakhmatova1, Senior Research Officer; V.V. Uzbekov3, Senior Research Officer;
Sh.B. Kodirova1, Research Assistant; A. Mamadzhanov2, Research Assistant;
R.M. Artikova1, Research Assistant; V.S. Kamburova1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory;
E.A. Latypova4, Associate Professor
1Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, tel. +998 99 846-41-02, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan;
3Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan;
4Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8 (9680) 32-19-80, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Soil salinity is the main factor limiting agricultural productivity worldwide. Salt stress has a negative effect on the physiological processes of plants, which reduces the yield of agricultural crops, including cotton. In this regard, the creation of salinization-resistant varieties of cotton is an urgent task. To solve this problem, ongoing screening of plants for a sign of salt stress tolerance is necessary. One possible biochemical marker of salt tolerance is the level of proline in the plant tissue. In this connection, the purpose of this study was to investigate a number of morpho-physiological parameters and proline level in biotechnological cotton genotype ESKIMO1 and control genotype Coker-312 (seven-day-old seedlings and saplings on the 21st day of vegetation) under salinization conditions. The experiment showed that the hypocotyl length decreased in cotton seedlings of both genotypes under model salt stress. This decrease was more pronounced in the control genotype Coker-312. Research on proline levels in cotton seedlings under the same conditions revealed a reduction in the cotyledons and an increase in the roots. And the accumulation of proline in the roots at low and medium levels of salinization was more significant in the ESKIMO1 genotype. The study of the effect of salt stress on the proline content in the leaves of cotton seedlings showed a greater increase in the level of proline in the ESKIMO1 genotype, directly correlating with the degree of stresses.
Keywords: biotechnological genotype, cotton, salinity, resistance, proline.
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UDC 633.32+631.531.027
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.005
AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRE-SOWING SEED PREPARATION IN THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF HUNGARIAN CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PANNONICUM JACQ.) OF THE ANIK VARIETY
S.A. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; I.A. Voronova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.V. Tagirov, graduate student; N.A. Karpov, graduate student; I.A. Konnov, student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Quality of seeds is important and valuable when it comes to improvement of agricultural crop cultivation technologies. Pre-sowing seed treatment, which involves the use of growth regulators, allows to regulate the growth and development of plants, which will allow to obtain higher yields of agricultural crops with a given product quality. Studies have established that when processing Hungarian Clover seeds with growth regulators and biologics using environment friendly seed preparation technology using the SS-0.5 seed scarifier and IS-1.0 inoculator, the yield of green mass and Hungarian Clover seeds was 51.8 t/ha and 776.4 kg/ha, respectively. The greatest economic effect was obtained when the seeds were treated with the bacterial preparation Rizotorphin-B together with the growth regulator Poly-Feed. When cultivated for seeds, the profitability level was 185.0 %, for fodder purposes – 147.9 %, energy income, when cultivated for seeds, was 90.99 GJ/ha, EER – 2.19 units, for fodder purposes – 22.32 GJ/ha, EER – 1.85 units.
Keywords: Hungarian Clover, pre-sowing treatment, technology, scarification, inoculation, growth regu-lator, biological preparation, scarifier, inoculator, yield.
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UDC 631/635
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.006
THE STATE OF AND WAYS TO INCREASE THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN PENZA REGION
A.V. Nosov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.M. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper considers the issues of distribution and use of land resources of the Penza region. It presents information about the agricultural land system. It is concluded that the agricultural land area for the period from 2012 to 2021 decreased by 4.5 thousand hectares. Basically, their reduction is due to the redistribution of land resources in connection with the bankruptcy and liquidation of organizations in the agricultural sector. As a result, the land resources are transfered to another category for infrastructure construction. It has been revealed what changes have occurred in the structure of the land fund by category over the past ten years. In order to determine the trend of change in acreage, the analytical leveling method was tested. The trend equation is compiled and a conclusion is made about the continuing growth factor of acreage. It is determined that the main land users in the region are agricultural organizations that have significant opportunities for effective work in a competitive environment.
Keywords: land resources, land fund, agricultural land, farm land, acreage, yield, gross harvest, efficiency
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UDC: 543.544: 575.116.4. 577.21:588.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.007
INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF NEW COTTON LINES EXPOSED TO NACI
N.R. Rakhmatova, PhD in Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher; A.H. Makamov, PhD in Biological Sciences, Laboratory Chief, Senior Researcher; M.M. Darmonov, PhD in Biological Sciences, Laboratory Chief, Senior Researcher; I.S. Normamatov, postgraduate student; A.S. Imamkhodzhayeva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Laboratory Chief, Senior Researcher; N.N. Khusenov, junior researcher; Zh.K. Norbekov, junior researcher; M.M. Kholmuradova, postgraduate student; U.A. Boykobilov, trainee researcher; Z.Z. Yuldasheva, junior researcher; Z.T. Buriev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Director, Senior Researcher
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents data on the study of complex hybrid combinations of the BC4F7 generation of cotton genotypes, an assessment of the growth rate by morpho-biological characteristics and their stability, created in laboratory conditions of salinization (200 mM NaCl). The content of salicylic acid in cotton tissues was studied under conditions of salinization of different intensity during cotton plants development.
Keywords: salicylic acid, NaCl, osmotic stress, stress resistance, liquid chromatography.
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UDC 633.11: 631.559
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.010
EFFECT OF MEGAMIX PREPARATIONS ON BIOMETRIC INDICATORS AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT
V.А. Isaichev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; N.N. Andreev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422) 55-95-16, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The research was conducted to study the peculiarities of biometric indicators formation and yield of spring wheat under the influence of foliar treatment with preparations of Megamix series. It was found that the maxi-mum growth of leaf surface area to the control was recorded in the variant of MEGAMIX - AZOT on the back-ground of complex mineral fertilizers. Increase of leaf area was 0.8 m2/ha - seedling phase; 1.6 m2/ha - tillering phase; 3.6 m2/ha - shooting phase; 6.9 m2/ha - earing phase. It was shown that the higher rate of accumulation of dry matter in all phases of growth and development was noted in the variant with MEGAMIX - AZOT on fertilized background. The tillering phase - 418.9 kg/ha, the shooting phase - 2424.6 kg/ha, the earing phase - 7121.6 kg/ha, the milky ripening phase - 8900.3 kg/ha. Yield increase compared to the control averaged 139 - 504 kg/ha, depending on the variant and nutritional background. The best result according to the three-year research was observed in the variant with MEGAMIX - AZOT + NPK and amounted to 3909 kg/ha.
Keywords: spring wheat, macro-micronutrient fertilizers, leaf area, photosynthetic potential, yield.
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UDC 633.112.1«321»:631.58:631.53.041(470.40/43)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.011
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION WITH THE DIRECT SEEDING TECHNOLOGY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
A.L. Toigildin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, M.I. Podsevalov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, I.A. Toigildina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, D.E. Ayupov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, R.A. Mustafina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Department assistant, N.A. Bogdanov, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8-(8422)55-95-75, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents material on the study of the effectiveness of the direct sowing technology of spring wheat in comparison with the recommended technology of its cultivation (factor A) on the background of the application rates of mineral fertilizers (factor B: B0 – without fertilizers; B1 – N45P30K30; B2 – N90P60K60). Research has shown that the field germination of spring wheat seeds increased by 3.4 % using the direct seeding technology compared to the traditional technology. This is explained by the high content of productive moisture in the seed layer due to the mulch cover and the absence of mechanical mixing of the soil, which usually leads to an increase in the volume of evaporating moisture under conditions of increasing air temperature. The appli-cation of starter mineral fertilisers increased the field germination of spring wheat by an average of 1.3-2.9 %.
The direct seeding technology of spring wheat after soybeans did not result in lower grain yields. Mineral ferti-lizers with an amount N45P30K30 increased yields by 0.69 t/ha or 22.4% according to traditional technology and by 0.64 t/ha or 20.7% according to direct seeding technology. An increase in the fertilizer application rate to N90P60K60 significantly led to an increase in yield compared to the average nutrition level. The direct seeding technology of spring wheat allowed saving 40-41 l/ha of POL and, in general, was cheaper by 2116-3802 ru-bles/ha or 8.3-13.2% more than the recommended technology. The largest notional net earnings were obtained on direct seeding technology on the background of mineral fertilizers with a rate of N45P30K30 – 18,500 rubles/ha with a production profitability level of 67.6%. An increase in the fertilizer rate to N90P60K60 significantly reduced economic efficiency on both the recommended and direct seeding technologies.
Keywords: direct seeding, spring wheat, field germination, economic efficiency.
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UDC 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.012
FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEA PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE FOLIAR APPLICATION ON DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor; N.V. Shabyshev, Postgraduate; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article concerns the growth features and the development of pea plants depending on foliar fertilizing on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition. The fundamental indicators characterizing the degree of influence of the studied factors on growth processes are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to examine features of the growth and development of the pea and to identify techniques that ensure a high yield of dry matter as an effi-ciency indicator of the production process. The research objectives were: to rate the field germination of seeds, establish the plant safety, show the plant survival, study the growth dynamics and the yield of dry matter. The results revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on the studied indicator. However, the established morpho-physiological differences in the process of ontogenesis did not have a clear and stable effect on the yield of dry matter. Foliar dressings also contribute to the formation of higher indicators, but a stable positive effect on the yield of dry matter is provided with the application of Biostim Universal.
Keywords: pea, field germination, survival, safety, growth dynamics, interstage periods, dry matter yield.
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UDC 633.63+631.527
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.016
AGRONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SUGAR BEET HYBRIDS FROM DIFFERENT PRODUCERS IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE
Y.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; О.А. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; Е.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of production experiments to evaluate the cultivation of sugar beet hybrids in the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The following hybrids were studied: XM-1820 (St), Wapiti, Dominica, Dubravka, Zanzibar, Camel, Ritter, Britney and Yaroslav. The anal-ysis of the evaluation of the hybrids of sugar beet showed that hybrids vegetation period lasted 134-136 days, the thinness of sugar beet crops to the harvesting period varied from 1.9 to 6.4%. The Ritter hybrid had the highest average root crop weight of 554.6 g, while the Britney hybrid had the lowest, 288.2 g. The highest average yield over the years was 57.8 t/ha for the Ritter hybrid, while the lowest was 28.6 t/ha for the Britney hybrid. The sugar content of the sugar beet hybrids ranged from 16.9 to 18.1 %. The highest sugar content was in the XM-1820 (St) hybrid - 18.1 %, while the lowest was in the Dominica hybrid - 16.9 %. The highest notional net income, taking into account the additional cost for sugar content and transport costs, was obtained from the hybrid Ritter - 85093 rubles/ha, and the lowest notional net income was from the hybrid Britney - 14994 ru-bles/ha.
Keywords: sugar beet, hybrids, field germination, crop safety, productivity, sugar content, technology.
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UDC 633.35+632
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.018
THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FUNGICIDES IN GROWING LENTILS
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; O.N. Sukhanova, associate professor; O.I. Ulanova, Candidate of Culturology, associate professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Various fungicides from different manufacturers are now available on the market. Some of the most pop-ular ones are produced by the company "Avgust". The lentil is characterised by low resistance to various diseases during the vegetation period. However, no fungicide treatment is carried out on lentils to reduce plant infection due to a lack of preparations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of fungicides from the range presented by "Avgust" on the development of diseases in lentil agrocenosis and to ensure a stable and high-quality grain yield in the unstable humidity conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga Region. Three systemic preparations were used with the fungicide activity enhancer – Allur adjuvant – for spraying during the flowering stage of small-seeded red lentil plants of the Redklif variety. The experiment was carried out on the collection plot of Penza State Agrarian University in 2018-2020 on meadow-chernozem soil according to generally accepted methods. The fungicides and the frequency of their application improved yield structure in relation to the control, but no differences were noted between the preparations used. On average over the three years the weight of seeds per plant when treated with fungicides was 1.41...1.54 g, which was 0.18...0.31 g more than in the control variant because the seeds were larger. It was indicated by the thousand-seed weight of 38.5...39.9 g against 36.7 g because the leaf apparatus function increased due to reduction of its damage by diseases. The highest lentil yields (1.79...1.82 t/ha) were obtained using the fungicides Rakurs, SC and Spirit, SC with no dependence on the frequency of treatment. The preparation Kolosal Pro, ME also increased the resistance of the plants to pathogens. This was reflected in a grain yield – 1.67 t/ha, which exceeded the control by 0.27 t/ha. The developed correlation-regression model, according to the Fisher's F-test, is adequately fitted to experimental data.
Keywords: lentils, fungicides, agriculture, yield, infection, vegetation period.
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UDC 631.5 + 633.63 + (470.4)
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.019
EFFICIENCY OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN SUGAR BEET CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
А.E. Kolesov, post-graduate student; S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor; О.А. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor, N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8-(8412)628-546, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article describes the effectiveness of resource-saving tillage systems for sugar beet in comparison with the traditional technology of sugar beet cultivation. Studies have shown that the efficiency of conservation tillage systems correlates with moisture availability in the growing season. The use of direct sowing in technology of sugar beet cultivation increases the yield of root crops in variants with traditional technology on the average by 1.51 t/ha, in variants with the use of intermediate sideration - by 1.41 t/ha. Resource-saving technologies of tillage and direct seeding provided the highest net profit - 44,788 rubles/ha, and when using the traditional system of tillage and direct seeding this indicator increased by 885-1,462 rubles/ha.
Keywords: sugar beet, conventional tillage system, resource-saving technologies, intermediate sideration, economic efficiency.
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UDC 631.8+635.64
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.021
ECOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF HUMIC PREPARATIONS AND WASTE FROM MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN THE CULTIVATION OF CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS
V.I. Gryazeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The quality of the cucumber seedlings in protected soil is the basis for the future harvest. Improving the quality of seedlings and shortening the seedling season is a relevant topic. Various components and stimulating preparations for greenhouse soils are now used to improve seedling cultivation technology. The research was car-ried out under the conditions of OAO "Penzenskiy Teplichnyy Kombinat". It was found that the application of waste from mushroom production into greenhouse soil as a component of seedling soil together with humostim increased the percentage of germination of cucumber plants by an average of 8-12%, depending on the experimental variant. The highest germination rates on the sixth day were in the variant with 80 % mushroom waste in green-house soil, and on the seventh day the germination rate averaged 98 % over the years of research. Studies have shown that cucumber seedlings grew most vigorously in greenhouse soil with 80 % mushroom waste and the prep-aration humostim. The growth rate was 0.90 to 1.0 cm, compared to 0.68 cm in the control. The use of mushroom waste as a soil component for growing cucumber seedlings on a humostim background increased the positive effect of all greenhouse soils on seedling age. The vegetation period was thus 32-34 days, which is 2-4 days less than the background without humostim. The highest biological resistance of seedlings was observed in greenhouse soils with application of 80 and 90 % musroom wastes and use of humostim on the background and and amounted 97.2-97.1 %. The most optimal cucumber seedlings at 32 days of age were grown on a background of humus fertilizer in greenhouse soil in the following ratio: 80% mushroom waste + 10% peat + 10% river sand.
Keywords: mushroom production wastes, humostim, seedlings, cucumber, vegetation periods, structure of early and total yield.
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Private animal husbandry, feeding, technologies of feed preparation and production of livestock products
UDC 636.2.082.25:636.237.21
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.004
MILKING OF FIRST-CALF COWS AS THE FACTOR TO DETERMINE PRODUCTIVITY AND LONGEVITY OF COWS
T.V. Shishkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; S.Yu. Dmitrieva, Associate Professor; A.Y. Kuznetsov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
To find out how the intensity of milking of the first-calf cows influences their productive longevity and lifelong milk yield, a study was conducted in the conditions of the Ramzai Educational and Farm of Penza State Agrarian University in a herd of Holstein black-and-white cattle. For this purpose, groups were formed according to the productivity level after the first lactation. Milk and lifetime productivity, duration of use of animals and life expectancy were evaluated according to the level of cow milking, as well as the correlation between milk yield of cows during the first lactation and lifetime milk productivity. As a result of the research, it was found that the average duration of animal use is 3.6 lactations; lifetime milk yield in the studied groups averages 22019.5 kg, the amount of milk fat is 861.0 kg, and the amount of milk protein is 598.6 kg. According to the milk productivity class of 7001 to 7500 kg in the first lactation, the group of animals significantly exceeded the other study groups in life expectancy (2663.62 days); in the duration of productive use (1385.38 days); in lifetime milk yield (27728.86 kg); in milk fat content (194.12 kg); in milk protein content (178.8 kg). The correlation coefficient between lifetime productivity and the first lactation milk yield had a weak positive connection and averaged 0.23. As a result of our research, we found that the most preferable periods of productive longevity are observed when milking first-calf heifers from 7001 to 7500 kg of milk per lactation.
Keywords: breed, milk productivity, milking, lactation, longevity, lifelong productivity.
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UDC 631.354.028
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.008
LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF THE CROP LIFTER OF A HARVESTING PLATFORM
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; E.V. Petrova, postgraduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article is devoted to an urgent topic – reducing grain losses during harvesting of laid grain crops. It provides a description of the design and the principle of operation of the proposed crop lifter, which allows tracing all the irregularities of the field surface, including lumps, bumps, anthills, etc., presents the procedure and results of laboratory and field studies to substantiate the structural and operating parameters of the crop lifter. As a result of processing experimental data, equations of parabolic dependencies with a high correlation index were obtained and graphs were constructed that characterize the correlation between the amount of grain losses behind the platform and the structural and operating parameters of the crop lifter. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the rational parameters of the proposed crop lifter, ensuring minimal grain losses, are: the length of the base l = 380...440 mm; the thickness of the retainer plate h = 2.5 ...3.0 mm; the operating speed ν = 5.0...6.5 km/h.
Keywords: laid grain crop, crop lifter, harvesting platform, tracing, grain losses, natural losses, yield, ir-regularities of the field surface.
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UDC: 636.52/.58.084.524
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.017
EFFECT OF A PRODUCT WITH HIGH ARACHIDONIC ACID CONTENT ON THE BLOOD VALUES AND IMMUNE STATUS OF POULTRY
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological sciences, professor; D.Y. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor; L.L. Oshkina, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; А.V. Ostapchuk, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor, А.R. Dashkina, student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper presents the results of studies to assess the effect of the product - mixture of microbial oils containing arachidonic acid, when it is included in an amount of 0.1% of the diet weight in the feed of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross. Arachidonic acid is an omega-6-unsaturated fatty acid and is essential for some animals. Arachidonic acid metabolites perform important regulatory functions, maintaining muscle tone, main-taining vascular integrity, preventing bleeding in injuries and many other functions [1]. In the present work, the biochemical profile of the studied supplement was preliminarily studied. In accordance with the objectives of the study, the biochemical (total protein content, albumin fraction, cholesterol of various fractions) and clinical parameters (hematocrit (PCV), leucogram, haemoglobin content, serum lysozyme content) of fattened poultry blood were studied during the experiments. A traditional diet based on mixed fodder was used as a control. The feed additive studied significantly increased the haemoglobin indices by 6-10%, hematocrit indices by 15-16% and also stimulated serum lysozyme activity by 22-25%. An increase in the proportion of macrophages and mast cells by 10-12 % was established. The results of these studies indicate the stimulation of anabolic and immune reactions in poultry due to the use of the feed additive.
Keywords: arachidonic acid, biotechnology, poultry immune status, poultry physiology, nutrition, Mor-tierella fungi, unsaturated fatty acids.
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Technologies, machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex
UDC 633.63:631.171
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.003
MODELLING THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ROTARY PADDLE ORIENTING DEVICE SHAFT
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.S. Chirkova, Student; D.A. Frolov, Student; N.N. Koldaev, Student;
A.S. Kostromitin, Student;R.I. Devlikamov Student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University",
Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article considers the construction and the operating principle of the rotary paddle orienting device for planting of sugar beet mother root crops of conical form, which high-quality operation largely determines the technological process of a piece-by-piece feeding of root crops into the planting cones of a planting apparatus with the following planting of root crops with a cone downward into the soil. The fulfillment of agro-technological requirements for planting works largely determines the obtaining of planned harvests of sugar beet seeds. We have determined the loads, which work upon the drive shaft of a paddle rotor of a rotary paddle orienting device, and carried out its stress-strain analysis, which showed that the strength and rigidity of a designed and modelled shaft will ensure reliable operation of a rotary paddle device. Thus, the rotary paddle orienting device of the planting machine will provide piece-by-piece orientation of root crops, regardless of their size and taper.
Keywords: sugar beet, planting, stress-strain analysis, modelling, shaft, rotary paddle device.
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UDC 631.354.028
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.008
LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF THE CROP LIFTER OF A HARVESTING PLATFORM
K.Z. Kukhmazov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; E.V. Petrova, postgraduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article is devoted to an urgent topic – reducing grain losses during harvesting of laid grain crops. It provides a description of the design and the principle of operation of the proposed crop lifter, which allows tracing all the irregularities of the field surface, including lumps, bumps, anthills, etc., presents the procedure and results of laboratory and field studies to substantiate the structural and operating parameters of the crop lifter. As a result of processing experimental data, equations of parabolic dependencies with a high correlation index were obtained and graphs were constructed that characterize the correlation between the amount of grain losses behind the platform and the structural and operating parameters of the crop lifter. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the rational parameters of the proposed crop lifter, ensuring minimal grain losses, are: the length of the base l = 380...440 mm; the thickness of the retainer plate h = 2.5 ...3.0 mm; the operating speed ν = 5.0...6.5 km/h.
Keywords: laid grain crop, crop lifter, harvesting platform, tracing, grain losses, natural losses, yield, ir-regularities of the field surface.
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UDC 632.08
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.013
INDUSTRIAL TEST RESULTS OF THE INSTALLATION FOR SEED TREATMENT
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; I.N. Semov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; K.S. Kondratieva, Postgraduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Nowadays, the pre-sowing seed treatment is an important part of the general technology of cultivation of cereal crops for the formation of optimal phytopathological condition of crops [7]. Seeds are the primary source of the infection transmission into the soil and crops [12]. Disinfection of the seed material allows its protection at the earliest and most vulnerable phase of development. The equipment used in organizations for seed treatment does not always meet modern agrotechnical requirements, therefore it is necessary to undertake research to im-prove the quality of seed treatment. The most promising is the method of seed treatment when moving the grain flow in the bucket elevators when putting into storage [5]. The purpose of the study was to develop a device for disinfecting grain in flow when putting into storage. To implement this process, the department of "Mechaniza-tion of Technological Processes in the AIC" of Penza State Agrarian University developed the structural and technological schemes for grain disinfecting in flow when putting into storage. The device was tested in OOO "Kameshkir Feed-milling Plant", where its optimal parameters were determined under production conditions: the speed of the seed treater conveyor – in the range of 0.16 ... 0.37 m/s; the pressure in the nozzles – 0.25 ... 0.58 MPa.
Keywords: seed treatment, disinfection, continuous flow, seeds, treater.
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UDC 621.43.038
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.014
THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE DEVICE FOR PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING
А.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Y.V. Polyvyanyj, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; P.N. Khorev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; О.S. Kalinina, lecturer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Cleaning and cooling are considered one of the main technological operations in the whole complex of primary milk processing operations. According to research by a number of authors, preservation of the original properties of milk is only possible when the number of micro-organisms is less than 200,000 per 1 cm3, with more than 1 million micro-organisms per 1 cm3 irreversible deterioration of milk quality occurs. Poor quality cleaning or untimely cooling of the milk leads to intensive multiplication of lactic acid bacteria. In 1 cm3 of freshly milked quality milk the number of bacteria is 186,000, and after five hours of storage at 20 °C their number increases to 2 million. Theoretical calculations to determine the minimum geometric parameters of the coil pipe of the proposed cooler were carried out, on the basis of which it is possible to design its construction. In order to confirm the theoretical results, a computer simulation of the working process of the primary milk processing device, including the analysis of milk and coolant movement in the application "SOLID WORKS Flou Simulation" and thermal analysis of the primary milk processing device in the application "SOLIDWORKS Simulation Thermal Analysis", were conducted.
Keywords: milk, filter, primary treatment devices, workflow, design, thermal analysis.
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UDC 621.43.038
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.015
DESIGN AND STRESS-STRAIN ANALYSIS OF A PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING DEVICE
А.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Y.V. Polyvyanyj, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; А.А. Gusev, post-graduate
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
One of the most important measures to protect milk from spoilage is its timely refrigeration and storage in this condition before shipment or processing in dairy factories. Thanks to refrigeration, microbial growth in milk is halted and the bactericidal period is increased, which helps to preserve the product for longer. The processes of primary milk processing, such as milk filtering and cooling, are of great importance, because proper milk cleaning from mechanical impurities, its timely and deep cooling improves the quality of milk, makes it the milk of the first purity group, which significantly increases its value. Consequently, the use of the developed design of the device for primary treatment of milk improves the efficiency of the process of primary milk processing at commercial dairy factories. The performed stress-strain analysis of the primary treatment device details shows that the strength and rigidity of the designed filter-cooler details is ensured.
Keywords: milk, filter, primary treatment devices, stress-strain analysis, design, pressure.
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UDC 51-74 + 621.878.448
DOI 10.36461/NP.2022.63.3.020
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AR-TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
D. А. Solovyov1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Assistant-Professor; S. V. Chumakova1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-Professor; R. D. Goncharov1, R. V. Chumakov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov», Saratov, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov», Saratov, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
This article substantiates the relevance of the problem of increasing productivity on the example of carrying out maintenance of agricultural machinery, and presents arguments for the urgency of solving this problem. Further, the authors propose one of the ways to increase productivity by applying and implementing new devel-opments in the maintenance process, based, in particular, on the implementation of AR-technologies. The paper considers a method for assessing efficiency during maintenance based on comparison of parameters, the results of which led to conclusions about the effectiveness of AR-technologies when working with machinery. In order to apply this method, a new approach to obtain an assessment of productivity during maintenance was developed based on the use of a derived constant, which allows to get an answer about its real increase in the presence of AR-technologies. The paper shows that this constant helps to control the efficiency of maintenance. Formulas for calculating maintenance efficiency were derived to find its numerical value most accurately. Using the method of parameter comparison discussed above, graphs showing the time spent on each operation, including filling in technological charts during maintenance without and with the inclusion of AR-technologies, were used as auxiliary tools. To ensure the accuracy of the figures, the calculations were carried out in an Excel spreadsheet.
Keywords. AR-technology, maintenance, agro-industrial complex, method, assessment, efficiency, per-formance, function, function graph, comparative analysis, Excel spreadsheet.
